A little History Domain Specific Languages Examples Tools Benefits A more theoretical View Programming and Modeling The LWES Project Bonus: Best

Transcription

1 Domain Specific Languages Markus Voelter Independent/itemis

2 A little History Domain Specific Languages Examples Tools Benefits A more theoretical View Programming and Modeling The LWES Project Bonus: Best Practices

3 A little History

4 programming started close to the hardware abstractions computing chips

5 abstractions computing bits

6 abstractions computing C

7 abstractions computing? Java

8 abstractions computing? SQL

9

10

11 ?

12

13 general purpose

14 domain specific

15 tailor made effective++ specialized, limited used by experts together with other specialized tools

16 Domain Specific Languages

17 A DSL is a focussed, processable language for describing a specific concern when building a system in a specific domain. The abstractions and notations used are natural/suitable for the stakeholders who specify that particular concern.

18 A DSL is a focussed, processable language for describing a specific concern when building a system in a specific domain. The abstractions and notations used are natural/suitable for the stakeholders who specify that particular concern.

19 A DSL is a focussed, processable language for describing a specific concern when building a system in a specific domain. The abstractions and notations used are natural/suitable for the stakeholders who specify that particular concern.

20 A DSL is a focussed, processable language for describing a specific concern when building a system in a specific domain. The abstractions and notations used are natural/suitable for the stakeholders who specify that particular concern.

21 A DSL is a focussed, processable language for describing a specific concern when building a system in a specific domain. The abstractions and notations used are natural/suitable for the stakeholders who specify that particular concern.

22 A DSL is a focussed, processable language for describing a specific concern when building a system in a specific domain. The abstractions and notations used are natural/suitable for the stakeholders who specify that particular concern.

23 A DSL is a focussed, processable language for describing a specific concern when building a system in a specific domain. The abstractions and notations used are natural/suitable for the stakeholders who specify that particular concern.

24 A DSL is a focussed, processable language for describing a specific concern when building a system in a specific domain. The abstractions and notations used are natural/suitable for the stakeholders who specify that particular concern.

25 A DSL is a focussed, processable language for describing a specific concern when building a system in a specific domain. The abstractions and notations used are natural/suitable for the stakeholders who specify that particular concern.

26 execute?

27 map

28 DSL Program (aka Model) map automated! GPL Program

29 map Generation Transformation Compilation Interpretation

30

31 Activities Analysing Domains Defining Languages Adapting/Selecting Building Editors Transforming Models Building Generators Building Frameworks

32 Activities Analysing Domains Defining Languages Adapting/Selecting Building Editors Transforming Models Building Generators Building Frameworks and using all of that to build apps

33 internal vs. external

34 compiled vs. interpreted

35 customization vs. configuration

36 graphical vs. textual

37 Examples

38 Example 1: Embedded Protocol Handler

39 Component Specification SOLUTION

40 Message Format Definition SOLUTION

41 Testing refines tests SOLUTION

42 Eclipse Modeling Eclipse Xtext TOOLS

43 Example 2: Pension Fund Specification

44 Textual Documentation SOLUTION

45 Insurance Mathematics SOLUTION

46 Calculation Rules and Tests SOLUTION

47 Intentional Software s Domain Workbench TOOLS

48 Example 3: Radar Systems Engineering

49 Component Definition SOLUTION

50 Component Behavior Specification SOLUTION

51 Resulting System Behaviour SOLUTION

52 Analysis SOLUTION

53 Eclipse Modeling Eclipse Xtext Wolfram Mathematica Mathematica Workbench TOOLS

54 Example 4: Alarm System Menus

55 Menu Structure SOLUTION

56 Software Components SOLUTION

57 Eclipse Modeling Eclipse Xtext TOOLS

58 Example 5: Requirements Tracability

59 Imported Requirements SOLUTION

60 SOLUTION Program Code with Annotations (green)

61 Selecting from the Requirements Find Usages of Requirements SOLUTION

62 JetBrains MPS TOOLS

63 Example 5: OSGi-based System

64 Component Specification SOLUTION

65 Component Specification SOLUTION

66 Component Specification SOLUTION

67 Eclipse Modeling Eclipse Xtext TOOLS

68 Example 6: Math, Science and Java

69 SOLUTION

70 SOLUTION

71 SOLUTION

72 JetBrains MPS TOOLS

73 Example 7: Fountains

74 CONTEXT

75 Hardware Structure SOLUTION

76 Behaviour SOLUTION

77 Plus: In-IDE Simulator Unit Test Support SOLUTION

78 Eclipse Modeling Eclipse Xtext TOOLS

79 More Examples8: Miscellaneous

80 Hearing Aids DOMAIN

81 Refrigerators DOMAIN

82 BPEL Designer SOLUTION

83 Block Diagrams SOLUTION

84 PLC Programming SOLUTION

85 State Charts SOLUTION

86 TOOLS

87 Tools

88 Tooling!

89 Tooling! Editor

90 Tooling! Editor, Debugger

91 Tooling! Editor, Debugger, Testing

92 Tooling! Editor, Debugger, Testing, Groupware

93 Tooling! Editor, Debugger, Testing, Groupware, Scalable

94 Tooling! Editor, Debugger, Testing, Groupware, Scalable, All in Eclipse

95

96 Tools Tooling Language Definition Tools abstract syntax, concrete syntax, constraints Editor Frameworks Transformation Languages Code Generation Tools

97

98 Open Source (EPL) Eclipse-based, Eclipse Project Very flexible, very popular! Current Version 2.0: improved performance Xbase: expressions for reuse Xtend2: Better Java, with support for Xpand-like templates

99 Open Source (Apache 2.0) Projectional Editor Very good at lang. Composition Current Version 2.0: Improved performance Unified generate/compile/build Debug MPS in MPS Tables in the editor (Diagrams planned for 2.1)

100 Commercial Tool. Projectional Editor Very flexible notations Version 1.8 is current

101 Way More: Spoofax Rascal oomega The Whole Platform see also

102 Benefits

103 Automation faster, deterministic

104 Increased Quality well defined structures allthrough the system

105 Meaningful Validation more semantics in the model

106 Capture Domain Knowledge formalized into languages and models

107 Suitable Notations textual, graphical, tabular

108 Technology Independence generate technology glue code

109 Abstraction w/o Runtime Overhead generator optimizes away

110 Capture Implementation Strategy in the generators

111 Everything is a model including for example hardware (some) hardware

112 A more theoretical View

113 Domain Specific Languages A DSL is a focussed, processable language for describing a specific concern when building a system in a specific domain. The abstractions and notations used are natural/suitable for the stakeholders who specify that particular concern.

114 What s the Problem here? Linguistic Abstraction

115 What s the Problem here? Linguistic Abstraction Much better with new linguistic abstraction No sophisticated analysis required to understand the semantics of a contruct and treat it correctly.

116 What s this? And what s the Problem? Linguistic Abstraction

117 Much better! Linguistic Abstraction

118 Much better! Linguistic Abstraction

119 Domains are Hierarchical

120 Creating Linguistic Abstractions

121 Creating Linguistic Abstractions

122 Domain Specific Languages A DSL is a language at D that provides linguistic abstractions for common patterns and idioms of a language at D-1 when used within the domain D.

123 Domain Specific Languages A DSL is a language at D that provides linguistic abstractions for common patterns and idioms of a language at D-1 when used within the domain D. A good DSL does not require the use of patterns and idioms to express semantically interesting concepts in D. Processing tools do not have to do semantic recovery on D programs.

124 Extension vs. Cascading

125 Extension vs. Cascading

126 Extension vs. Cascading

127 Programming and Modeling

128 Modeling Programming

129 Modeling Programming (Mostly) Textual Notations Concrete Syntax Storage (Fancy) ASCII Editors Read-Only Visualizations

130 Modeling Programming (Mostly) Graphical Notations Abstract Syntax Storage Projecting Editors Different editable views for model (Mostly) Textual Notations Concrete Syntax Storage (Fancy) ASCII Editors Read-Only Visualizations

131 Why the difference?

132 It is time for

133 a Different Perspective

134 Programming the way we do Modeling? Modeling the way we do Programming?

135 Modeling Programming == == Programming Modeling

136

137 We don t want to model, we want to program!

138 We don t want to model, we want to program! at different levels of abstaction from different viewpoints integrated!

139 We don t want to model, we want to program! with different degrees of domain-specificity with suitable notations with suitable expressiveness

140 We don t want to model, we want to program! And always: precise and tool processable

141

142 Programming Languages are not MODULAR enough.

143 Programming Languages are not COMPOSABLE enough.

144 Programming Languages are not CONFIGURABLE enough.

145 Programming Languages are not ADAPTABLE enough.

146 Programming Language Syntax i sn not FLEXIBLE enough.

147 Big Language? o a b n c m k L d e j f i h g with many first class concepts!

148 Small Language? L with a few, orthogonal and poweful concepts

149 Modular Language my L a b c d e f g h i j k l with many optional, composable concepts

150 Modular Language Like frameworks and libraries,

151 Modular Language Like frameworks and libraries, but with syntax and IDE support

152 Several Concerns in a Domain

153 Viewpoints

154 A: mixed B: separate Viewpoints Viewpoints

155 Langugae Combination When DSL (for several concerns) are developed from scratch, as a group, then dependencies between the concerns can be materialized as dependencies between the languages and the language concepts

156 Langugae Extension A language B extends another language A if B contains additional language concepts. This means that for programs written in B, all concepts from A are available, plus those defined in B.

157 Langugae Reuse A language has been developed to be used in contexts not known at the time of development. No dependencies allowed! The reusable language has to be extended so it can reference concepts from languages in that context.

158 Langugae Embedding Composition is a special case of reuse, where the reused language is syntactically embedded into languages from the context.

159 The LWES Project

160 LWES Language Workbenches for Embedded Systems

161 LWES Language Workbenches for Embedded Systems Incremental Extension of C with DSLs for Embedded Systems, integrated with Formal Methods and support for PLE and Requirements Tracing

162 LWES Language Workbenches for Embedded Systems

163 LWES Language Workbenches for Embedded Systems

164 EXAMPLE CASE

165 SOLUTION

166 SOLUTION

167 SOLUTION

168 JetBrains MPS TOOLS

169 mbeddr.com

170 Bonus: Best Practices

171 Limit Expressiveness

172 Notation, Notation, Notation

173 Graphical vs. Textual

174 Viewpoints

175 Teamwork Support

176 Interpretation vs. Generation

177 Rich Domain Specific Platform

178 Checks First and Separate

179 Cascading

180 Annotation Models

181 Don t forget Testing

182 Iterate!

183 Co-Evolve Language and Concepts

184 Domain Users Programming?

185 Compatible Organization

186 THE END..coordinates web twitter markusvoelter xing linkedin