Erik Jõgi. twitter.com/erikjogi twitter.com/codeborne
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1 Disain
2 Erik Jõgi twitter.com/erikjogi twitter.com/codeborne
3 Disain? Miks?
4 Bad code
5 Clean Code A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship Robert C. Martin, 2008 Uncle Bob
6 You know you are working on clean code when each routine you read turns out to be pretty much what you expected Ward Cunningham inventor of Wiki and Fit, co-inventor of extreme Programming
7 Inexpensive adaptability Robert Uncle Bob Martin
8 Four Elements of Simple Design 1. Passes all tests 2. No duplication 3. Expresses intent 4. Small Kent Beck Creator of Extreme Programming, author of JUnit
9 TDD Test Driven Design
10 Clean Code
11 Nimed muutujad, meetodid, klassid,...
12 Mida see meetod teeb? + Aga see?
13 Nimi peab aitama mõista sisu ja konteksti Stuff, Data, X, list, number, hp, a1, b2, theset, alist, somethings vs. AccountAlias, FixedPaymentCard, flaggedcustomers, maxtransactioncount, queryintervalseconds, agreementsbytype, findcustomerbyregistrationcode
14 Correct English Only, Please! Sõna-sõnalt tõlge ei pruugi anda õiget ingliskeelset vastet Kasutage õiged antud valdkonna termineid, uurige valdkonna ekspertidelt, mis on õiged terminid Grammatika ja õigekiri! Sõnastikud, õigekirjakontrollijad, Google Proovige, kas koodi saab lugeda nagu lauseid tekstis?
15 Üks termin sama mõiste jaoks Customer Client Party Counterparty state status Contract Agreement get load fetch find retrieve regcode regnumber personalcode ja kasutage teise mõiste jaoks erinevat terminit
16 Funktsioonid
17 Hea funktsioon lühike vähe trepiastmeid /indentation/ tegeleb ainult ühe asjaga (üks abstraktsiooni tase) Functions should do one thing. They should do it well. They should do it only. Robert Uncle Bob Martin
18 Funktsiooni argumendid Less is more mida vähem, seda parem Ideaalne funktsioon ei võta ühtegi argumenti Ühe ja kahe argumendiga on ka OK Kolm on üldjuhul juba liiga palju Üle kolme ei tohiks mingil juhul olla
19 Kuidas argumente vähendada? Selle asemel, et järjest edasi anda ühte argumenti, tehke klassi tasemel väli Kui funktsioon vajab rohkem kui 2 argumenti, siis võib-olla peaks need omaette klassi tõstma? Vältige üksikuid boolean argumente (lippe) savepayment(boolean validate) vs. savepayment(), validateandsavepayment()
20 Vältige kõrvalmõjusid Funktsioon, mis on definitsiooni (nime) järgi read-only, ei tohi muuta olekut getamount() isconfirmed() checkpassword(string) Kui on ikkagi vaja olekut muuta, siis pange funktsioonile sobivam nimi checkpasswordandloadsettings(string)
21 Kommentaarid
22 Kommentaarid on pahad Kommentaarid valetavad: - Neid ei saa koodiga siduda - Neid ei saa automaatselt muuta - Neid ei saa testida - Nad jäävad ajast maha Tõde on ainult koodis! Ära kasuta kommentaari, kui sa saaksid kasutada funkstiooni või muutujat
23 Millal kommentaare kasutada? The proper use of comments is to compensate for our failure to express ourselves in code - Legal comments - Warning of consequences - TODO comments - Amplification - javadocs in public APIs
24 The Boy Scout Rule Leave the campground cleaner than you found it Can you imagine working on a project where code simply got better as time passed? Do you believe that any other option is professional?
25 Objektorienteeritud disain Agile Software Development: Principles, Patterns, and Practices Robert C. Martin, 2003
26 Interfaces and Abstract Classes Ignore implementation details Program to interfaces
27 Java Collections API Iterable Collection List: ArrayList, LinkedList Set: HashSet, LinkedHashSet SortedSet: TreeSet Map: HashMap, LinkedHashMap SortedMap: TreeMap
28 java.io byte based I/O InputStream & OutputStream FileInputStream, SocketInputStream, ByteArrayInputStream, GZIPInputStream character based I/O Reader & Writer FileWriter, StringWriter, OutputStreamWriter
29 Abstract classes Kirjelda tegevuste järjekord, jäta vabaks implementatsioon abstract class Payment { void validate() { verifyaccountstatus(); verifycustomercreditrating(); verifyreferencenumber(); } class PaymentEE extends Payment void verifyreferencenumber() { //... void verifycustomercreditrating() { //... } abstract void verifyreferencenumber(); abstract void verifycustomercreditrating(); abstract void verifyaccountstatus(); void verifyaccountstatus() { //... } }
30 Dependency Injection Inversion of Control The Hollywood Principle: Don t call us we ll call you Klass ei lähe ise otsima omale vajalike ressursse vaid need antakse talle ette. Selgem disain Lihtsam testida (Mock objects)
31 Dependency Injection class PaymentService AccountService accountservice; void payment(account from, Account to, BigDecimal amount) { BigDecimal balance = accountservice.getbalance(from);... } } class PaymentServiceTest payment() { PaymentService paymentservice = new PaymentService(); paymentservice.accountservice = mock(accountservice.class); paymentservice.payment(...);... } }
32 Dependency Injection Google Guice code.google.com/p/google-guice/ Spring Framework JSR-330: Dependency Injection for Java Mockito code.google.com/p/mockito/ EasyMock
33 Composition Over Inheritance Inheritance is for is-a relationships: - Apple is a Fruit - Button is a JComponent When the same interface is most logical Composition is for consists-of, contains, uses, has relationships: - SalesSystemUI uses JFrame - Customer conains an Address Composition means decoupling independence of each other's changes
34 Immutable Objects An immutable object is an object whose state cannot be modified after it is created - Kõige levinum Java immutable objekti näide? Lihtsustab programmeerimist - Caching - Thread-safety - Bad code - Map keys Võimaldab kompilaatoril/virtuaalmasinal koodi optimeerida
35 Design Patterns Elements of Reusable ObjectOriented Software [Gang of Four Book GOF] Erich Gamma Richard Helm Ralph Johnson John Vlissides 1994
36 Disaini mustrid Tüüplahendused objektorienteeritud disainis olulistele ja tihti esile kerkivatele probleemidele Kogenumate arendajate oskuste ja kogemuste süstematiseeritud kataloog Lihtsustab arendajate suhtlemist me kasutame Strategy mustrit
37 Refactoring to Patterns Joshua Kerievsky, 2004 Avoid: - over-engineering - under-engineering
38 A designer knows he has achieved perfection not when there is nothing left to add, but when there is nothing left to take away. Antoine de Saint-Exupery
39 Lõppsõna The Boy Scout Rule Kogemus, kogemus, kogemus Lugege palju teiste koodi!
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