Software Construction

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1 Lecture 1: Introduction Software Construction in Java for HSE Moscow Tom Verhoeff Eindhoven University of Technology Department of Mathematics & Computer Science Software Engineering & Technology Group wstomv/edu/sc-hse c 2014, T. TUE.NL 1/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

2 About the Lectures In English Slow me down, if it goes too fast Interrupt me, if it is not clear Audio/Video link has limitations Slides, tool demo Not enough time to explain all details in lecture: You must explore yourself c 2014, T. TUE.NL 2/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

3 About the Lecturer Study: Applied Mathematics PhD Thesis: A Theory of Delay-Insensitive Systems Running: long-distance Music: recorder (wooden flute) quartet Mathematical Art (with my father) Teach math enrichment in a primary school Teach/Research at TU/e: Model-Driven Engineering c 2014, T. TUE.NL 3/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

4 Overview Introductory problem Organizational issues, the big picture Motivation, background Imperative core of the Java programming language Study material c 2014, T. TUE.NL 4/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

5 Introductory Problem What is a problem? c 2014, T. TUE.NL 5/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

6 Introductory Problem Problem = Difference between what you want and what you have c 2014, T. TUE.NL 6/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

7 Dice Game: What We Want 5 players, 2 cubic dice, each producing values 1 through 6 Per round, each player rolls the 2 dice Player with unique highest roll wins round; otherwise, no winner Player Result Player 4 wins no winner ? Player 1 requests to roll a single dodecahedron, whose faces are numbered 1 through 12 Question: How does this influence the game? c 2014, T. TUE.NL 7/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

8 Solving a Problem through a Program: What We Have What you have: Programming language Programming tools Programming techniques What you do: Analyze the problem Design a program (text) Run the program, provide input, use output c 2014, T. TUE.NL 8/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

9 Weekly Schedule Course: 2 7 weeks Day Moscow Time What Monday 16:40 18:00 Lecture Monday 18:00 18:30 Question & Answer (if schedule permits it) Thursday 23:00 Homework deadline c 2014, T. TUE.NL 9/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

10 Homework We use peach 3 at ext.peach3.nl Register Username = initial + family name; e.g. sshershakov Join course Software Construction for HSE ( ) Submit your work Receive feedback from peach 3, automatically from me or HSE assistants from your peers (peer review) c 2014, T. TUE.NL 10/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

11 Study Material [DE] Introduction to Programming Using Java by David Eck, Version 7.0, August 2014 [EB] Programming in the Large with Design Patterns by Eddie Burris, Pretty Print Press, 2012 Slides, handouts, example code, assignments Miscellaneous (web) resources Frequently Asked Questions Subversion repository (see FAQ) c 2014, T. TUE.NL 11/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

12 Additional Study Material The Java Language Specification by James Gosling et al. c 2014, T. TUE.NL 12/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

13 Tools JDK DrJava NetBeans Javadoc JUnit JaCoCo UML SQE Profiler Java Development Kit, Java 7 Standard Edition IDE with Interactions IDE with GUI designer, and plug-ins Java documentation tool Java Unit Testing Framework Java Code Coverage plug-in Unified Modeling Language Software Quality Environment Performance Analysis c 2014, T. TUE.NL 13/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

14 Motivation Assumption: You have some programming experience Syntax, semantics, pragmatics (conventions) Types, variables, expressions, statements, input/output Goal: Systematic design of larger object-oriented Java programs Design: Blueprint; also: activity leading to blueprint Concepts, terminology, notation How to communicate about programs and about programming Rational design How to reason about programs, how to motivate design decisions c 2014, T. TUE.NL 14/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

15 Product, Process, and Documentation Product: machine-executable working program or component Product documentation: artifacts to support product (design) Process: the way persons work (individually, or as a team) Guidelines, step-by-step check lists, design methods,... Process documentation: describes/prescribes a process Focus on: methodical process, producing documented product Not on product itself; not on creation of process documentation c 2014, T. TUE.NL 15/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

16 Quick Intro to Imperative Core of Java Chapters 2, 3, and 7 of book by David Eck Comments: /*... */ /**... */ //... Types, Values, Literals: int long boolean String double Expressions: (1 + 2) * 3 == 9 "ab"+ "c" Variables, Assignment Statements: variable = expression; Statement Blocks: {... } Control Statements: if else, while, for Console Output: System.out.println(...); Arrays: int[] a = { 0, 1, 2 };... a[expression]... c 2014, T. TUE.NL 16/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

17 How to Practice with Java Install DrJava and do some Interactions > > import javax.swing.jframe; > JFrame jf = new JFrame(); // no window visible > jf.show(); // now locate the window on your computer screen > jf.getwidth() 128 > jf.setsize(640, 480); > jf.settitle("hello, here I am!"); c 2014, T. TUE.NL 17/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

18 What Is a Java Program? At compile time: Collection of classes, where each class has typed variables, also known as fields or attributes or member variables methods, optionally with typed return value and parameters At run time: also a collection of objects, where each object is instantiated from a class, and each variable in an object has a value from its type c 2014, T. TUE.NL 18/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

19 Java Programs in Week 1 One class without variables, but with constant definitions: final static Type NAME = expression; one (static) method with parameters (input) and a return value (output) No objects c 2014, T. TUE.NL 19/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

20 Simple Java Program 1 public class EchoArgs { 2 3 public static void main(string[] args) { 4 for (String arg : args) { 5 System.out.println( " + arg + " ); 6 } 7 } 8 } In DrJava Interactions: run EchoArgs Hello HSE! produces "Hello" "HSE!" c 2014, T. TUE.NL 20/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

21 Important Notes In Java, a class named Xyz must be stored in a file named Xyz.java In Java, by default, execution starts at public static void main which must have one string array parameter String[] args In DrJava, this main is invoked by run... In DrJava, static method m of class C is invokved by C.m(...) c 2014, T. TUE.NL 21/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

22 Program for Dividing Candy 1 /** 2 * k kids together receive c candies. 3 * They wonder whether it is possible 4 * to divide all candies fairly. 5 * 6 * If this is possible, they also want to know 7 * how many candies each of them gets. 8 * This is a number q such that c == q * k. 9 * 10 * k, c, and q are non-negative integers, less than 10ˆ * c 2014, T. TUE.NL 22/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

23 Program for Dividing Candy 1  2 replace this line 3  4 */ 5 // <----- cut line <----- c 2014, T. TUE.NL 22/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

24 Program for Dividing Candy 1 public class Candy { 2 3 /** 4 * Returns a negative value to indicate 5 * that the division is impossible, and otherwise, 6 * returns the number of candies each kid gets. 7 */ 8 static long divide(long k, long c) { 9 long result; // value to be returned 10 // put your solution here 11 result = 5; // just some value to make it compile 12 return result; 13 } 14 } In DrJava Interactions: Candy.divide(3, 15) produces 5 c 2014, T. TUE.NL 22/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

25 Important Constraints Put in your name, group, and the date, above cut line with --8<-- This week only one static method; no auxiliary methods, no objects no package statements no import statements Write readable code (see Coding Standard) Test your program before submitting (Quality Assurance) Submit your own work (individual assignments) c 2014, T. TUE.NL 23/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

26 Program for Dice Game 1 /** 2 * Consider the following dice game. 3 * Five players each roll once per round. 4 * Player 1 rolls a (fair) dodecahedron, 5 * having 12 faces with the numbers 1 through * The other players (2 through 5) roll two fair dice, 7 * each having 6 faces with the numbers 1 through 6. 8 * The player with the unique highest roll 9 * wins the round. If the highest roll is 10 * not unique, then there is no round winner. 11 * c 2014, T. TUE.NL 24/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

27 Program for Dice Game 1  2 replace this line 3  4 */ 5 // <----- cut line <----- c 2014, T. TUE.NL 24/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

28 Program for Dice Game 1 public class DiceGame { 2 3 /** Number of players, >= 1 */ 4 final static int NUM_PLAYERS = 5; 5 6 /** Index for frequency of rounds without winner */ 7 final static int NO_WINNER = 0; c 2014, T. TUE.NL 24/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

29 Program for Dice Game 1 /** 2 * Simulates r >= 0 rounds of the dice game and 3 * returns how often each player won. 4 * The return value is an array, where 5 * index 0 counts the number rounds without winner, and 6 * index i > 0 counts the number of rounds won by player i. 7 */ 8 static public int[] simulate(int r) { c 2014, T. TUE.NL 24/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

30 Program for Dice Game 1 static public int[] simulate(int r) { 2 int[] result; // winning frequencies 3 result = new int[1 + NUM_PLAYERS]; // initialize to 0 4 //# BEGIN TODO: Provide your solution 5 // Replace this line 6 //# END TODO 7 return result; 8 } 9 10 } c 2014, T. TUE.NL 24/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

31 More Practicing codingbat.com c 2014, T. TUE.NL 25/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

32 How to Write Readable Java Source Code Code Conventions for the Java Programming Language Java Coding Standards by ESA BSSC (2005) Concerns: layout, naming, commenting, structure c 2014, T. TUE.NL 26/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

33 10 simple conventions Coding Standard for 2IPC0 Layout: NetBeans > Source > Format : default settings do a good job Declare no more than one field or local variable per line Comments: Each public class, constructor, method, field has doc comment Each non-public class, constructor, method, field, local variable has normal (non-doc) comment c 2014, T. TUE.NL 27/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

34 Summary Consult the course page: wstomv/edu/sc-hse/ Study Material Imperative Core of Java DrJava, codingbat.com Register in peach 3 : ext.peach3.nl Assignments: Candy, DiceGame c 2014, T. TUE.NL 28/28 Software Construction: Lecture 1

2IP15 Programming Methods

Lecture 1: Introduction, Functional Decomposition 2IP15 Programming Methods From Small to Large Programs Tom Verhoeff Eindhoven University of Technology Department of Mathematics & Computer Science Software