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1 Mastering XMI Java Programming with XMI, XML, and UML Timothy J. Grose Gary C. Doney Stephen A. Brodsky, Ph.D. Wiley Computer Publishing John Wiley & Sons, Inc. NEW YORK CHICHESTER WEINHEIM BRISBANE SINGAPORE TORONTO

3 Mastering XMI Java Programming with XMI, XML, and UML

5 Mastering XMI Java Programming with XMI, XML, and UML Timothy J. Grose Gary C. Doney Stephen A. Brodsky, Ph.D. Wiley Computer Publishing John Wiley & Sons, Inc. NEW YORK CHICHESTER WEINHEIM BRISBANE SINGAPORE TORONTO

6 Publisher: Robert Ipsen Executive Editor: Robert M. Elliott Developmental Editor: Emilie Herman Managing Editor: John Atkins New Media Editor: Brian Snapp Text Design & Composition: MacAllister Publishing Services, LLC Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. In all instances where John Wiley & Sons, Inc., is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or ALL CAPITAL LETTERS. Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and registration. IBM, DB2, VisualAge, and WebSphere are trademarks or registered trademarks of IBM Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. OMG, Object Management Group, OMG IDL, CORBA, XMI, MOF, CWM, Unified Modeling Language, UML, the UML Cube Logo, Model Driven Architecture, MDA, OMG Model Driven Architecture, OMG MDA, and IIOP are trademarks or registered trademarks of the Object Management Group, Inc., in the United States and other countries. All other names and marks that may appear are used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective owners. Pentium is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. Walkman is a registered trademark of Sony Corporation. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright 2002 by IBM. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) , fax (978) Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY , (212) , fax (212) , PERMREQ@WILEY.COM. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: ISBN: Printed in the United States of America

7 Advance Praise for Mastering XMI XMI is a powerful standard for representing objects in XML and it plays key roles in IBM s WebSphere servers and WebSphere Studio application development tools. This book takes the mystery out of XMI, tells why it is important, and shows Java programmers how to use it. Its authors made XMI work for WebSphere and they build on that experience to explain the hows and whys of XMI in an eminently readable and practical way. Lee R. Nackman IBM Vice President, Application Development Tools Member, IBM Academy of Technology Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is an appealing vision of how to develop software, but there is little information readily available on how to apply these somewhat abstract ideas in practice. Timothy Grose, Gary Doney, and Stephen Brodsky remedy this deficiency by producing a comprehensive, grounded, and detailed handbook on how to use XMI to create and integrate MDA applications using Java, XML, and UML. The CD contains a wealth of supporting information, including a full-featured trial edition of IBM s WebSphere Studio Application Developer. This book is an essential read for any developer serious about applying the principles of Model Driven Architecture in real software development projects. Steve J. Cook IBM Distinguished Engineer Member, IBM Academy of Technology v

8 vi Advance Praise for Mastering XMI The convergence of modeling technologies into the UML that the OMG drove home in 1997 has finally made software design and architecture a mainstream activity. The convergence of the UML itself with the startling rise of XML is the obvious next step: the communication of metamodels (and objects in general) clearly relies on universal data formats such as XML. This explains the rapid uptake of XMI in the software development community. This masterful book gives everything the serious application developer needs, start to finish from motivation, through explanation, to clear, concise examples using XMI with Java. As the Model Driven Architecture (MDA) sweeps the mess of software heterogeneity under the rug, XMI at MDA s core ensures interoperability across tools and applications. And there s no better way to learn the details than this book. Richard Mark Soley, Ph.D. Chairman and CEO, Object Management Group, Inc.

9 2001 OMG Press Advisory Board Karen D. Boucher Executive Vice President The Standish Group Carol C. Burt President and Chief Executive Officer 2AB, Inc. Sridhar Iyengar Unisys Fellow Unisys Corporation Cris Kobryn Chief Technologist Telelogic Nilo Mitra, Ph.D. Principal System Engineer Ericsson Jon Siegel, Ph.D. Director, Technology Transfer Object Management Group, Inc. Richard Mark Soley, Ph.D. Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Object Management Group, Inc. Sheldon C. Sutton Principal Information Systems Engineer The MITRE Corporation Ron Zahavi Chief Technology Officer AxTechnology vii

11 OMG Press Books in Print (For complete information about current and upcoming titles, go to Building Business Objects by Peter Eeles and Oliver Sims, ISBN: Business Component Factory: A Comprehensive Overview of Component-Based Development for the Enterprise by Peter Herzum and Oliver Sims, ISBN: Business Modeling with UML: Business Patterns at Work by Hans-Erik Eriksson and Magnus Penker, ISBN: CORBA 3 Fundamentals and Programming, 2 nd Edition by Jon Siegel, ISBN: CORBA Design Patterns by Thomas J. Mowbray and Raphael C. Malveau, ISBN: Enterprise Application Integration with CORBA: Component and Web- Based Solutions by Ron Zahavi, ISBN: Enterprise Java with UML by C.T. Arrington, ISBN: Enterprise Security with EJB and CORBA by Bret Hartman, Donald J. Flinn, and Konstantin Beznosov, ISBN: The Essential CORBA: Systems Integration Using Distributed Objects by Thomas J. Mowbray and Ron Zahavi, ISBN: Instant CORBA by Robert Orfali, Dan Harkey, and Jeri Edwards, ISBN: ix

12 x OMG Press Books in Print Integrating CORBA and COM Applications by Michael Rosen and David Curtis, ISBN: Java Programming with CORBA, Third Edition by Gerald Brose, Andreas Vogel, and Keith Duddy, ISBN: The Object Technology Casebook: Lessons from Award-Winning Business Applications by Paul Harmon and William Morrisey, ISBN: The Object Technology Revolution by Michael Guttman and Jason Matthews, ISBN: Programming with Enterprise JavaBeans, JTS, and OTS: Building Distributed Transactions with Java and C by Andreas Vogel and Madhavan Rangarao, ISBN: Programming with Java IDL by Geoffrey Lewis, Steven Barber, and Ellen Siegel, ISBN: Quick CORBA 3 by Jon Siegel, ISBN: UML Toolkit by Hans-Erik Eriksson and Magnus Penker, ISBN:

13 About the OMG The Object Management Group (OMG) is an open membership, not-for-profit consortium that produces and maintains computer industry specifications for interoperable applications. To achieve this goal, the OMG specifies open standards for every aspect of distributed computing from analysis and design, through infrastructure, to application objects and components defined on virtually every enterprise middleware platform. OMG s membership roster includes virtually every large company in the computer industry, and hundreds of smaller ones. Most of the companies that shape enterprise and Internet computing today are represented on OMG s Board of Directors. OMG s flagship specification, and the basis for future OMG specifications, is the multi-platform Model Driven Architecture (MDA). Unifying the modeling and middleware spaces, the MDA supports applications over their entire lifecycle from Analysis and Design, through implementation and deployment, to maintenance and evolution. Based on normative, platform-independent Unified Modeling Language (UML) models, MDA-based applications and standards may be expressed and implemented, equivalently, on multiple middleware platforms; implementation are produced automatically, for the most part, by MDAenabled tools that also generate cross-platform invocations, making for a truly interoperable environment. Because the UML models remain stable as the technological landscape changes around them over time, MDA-based development maximizes software ROI as it integrates applications across the enterprise, and one enterprise with another. Adopted by members as the basis for OMG specifications in September 2001, the MDA is truly a unique advance in distributed computing. To learn more about the MDA, see OMG s modeling specifications form the foundation for the MDA. These include the UML, the MetaObject Facility (MOF), XML Metadata Interchange (XMI), and the Common Warehouse Metamodel (CWM). The industry s xi

14 xii About the OMG standard for representation of analysis and design, the UML defines Use Case and Activity diagrams for requirements gathering, Class and Object diagrams for design, Package and Subsystem diagrams for deployment, and six other diagram types. The MOF defines a standard metamodel for applications, allowing UML models to be interchanged among tools and repositories; and XMI standardizes the format for these interchanges. Finally, CWM establishes metamodels in the field of data warehousing, completing OMG s standardization in the modeling space. The Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) is OMG s vendor-neutral, system-independent middleware standard. Based on the OMG/ISO Interface Definition language (OMG IDL) and the Internet Inter- ORB Protocol (IIOP), CORBA is a mature technology represented on the market by more than 70 ORBs (Object Request Brokers) plus hundreds of other products. Scalable to Internet and Enterprise levels, CORBA more than meets business computing requirements through its robust services-providing directory, distributed event handling, transactionality, fault tolerance, and security. Specialized versions of CORBA form the basis for distributed Realtime computing, and distributed embedded systems. Building on this foundation, OMG Domain Facilities standardize common objects throughout the supply and service chains in industries such as Telecommunications, Healthcare, Manufacturing, Transportation, Finance/ Insurance, Biotechnology, Utilities, Space, and Military and Civil Defense Logistics. OMG members are now extending these Domain Facilities, originally written in OMG IDL and restricted to CORBA, into the MDA by constructing UML models corresponding to their underlying architecture; standard MDA procedures will then produce standards and implementations on such platforms as Web Services, XML/SOAP, Enterprise JavaBeans, and others. OMG s first MDA-based specification, the Gene Expression Facility, was adopted less than six months after the organization embraced the MDA; based on a detailed UML model, this specification is implemented entirely in the popular language XML. In summary, the OMG provides the computing industry with an open, vendor-neutral, proven process for establishing and promoting standards. OMG makes all of its specifications available without charge from its Web site, Delegates from the hundreds of OMG member companies convene at week-long meetings held five times each year at varying sites around the world, to advance OMG technologies. The OMG welcomes guests to their meetings; for an invitation, send your request to info@omg.org or see Membership in OMG is open to any company, educational institution, or government agency. For more information on the OMG, contact OMG headquarters by telephone at , by fax at , by to info@omg.org, or on the Web at

15 For Nancy Tim Grose For my mother and father Gary Doney For Sharon and Alicia Stephen Brodsky

Mastering XMI Java Programming with XMI, XML, and UML

Mastering XMI Java Programming with XMI, XML, and UML Timothy J. Grose Gary C. Doney Stephen A. Brodsky, Ph.D. Wiley Computer Publishing John Wiley & Sons, Inc. NEW YORK CHICHESTER WEINHEIM BRISBANE SINGAPORE