Walkthrough: Binding an ios Objective-C Library

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Walkthrough: Binding an ios Objective-C Library Binding an existing ios Objective-C Library with Objective Sharpie Overview When working on ios, you might encounter cases where you want to consume a

1 Walkthrough: Binding an ios Objective-C Library Binding an existing ios Objective-C Library with Objective Sharpie Overview When working on ios, you might encounter cases where you want to consume a third-party Objective-C library. In those situations, you can use a Xamarin.iOS Binding Project to create a C# binding that will allow you to consume the library in your Xamarin.iOS applications. Generally in the ios ecosystem you can find libraries in 3 flavors: As a precompiled static library file with.a extension together with its header(s) (.h files). For example, Google s Analytics Library As a precompiled Framework. This is just a folder containing the static library, headers and sometimes additional resources with.framework extension. For example, Google s AdMob Library. As just source code files. For example, a library containing just.m and.h Objective C files. In the first and second scenario there will already be a precompiled CocoaTouch Static Library so in this article we will focus on the third scenario. Remember, before you start to create a binding, always check the licence provided with the library to ensure that you are free to bind it. This article provides a step-by-step walkthrough of creating a binding project using the open source InfColorPicker Objective-C project as an example, however all information in this guide can be adapted for use with any third-party Objective-C library. The InfColorPicker library provides a reusable view controller that allows the user to select a color based on its HSB representation, making color selection more user-friendly.

2 We'll cover all the necessary steps to consume this particular Objective-C API in Xamarin.iOS: First, we'll create an Objective-C static library using Xcode. Then, we'll bind this static library with Xamarin.iOS. Next, show how Objective Sharpie can reduce the workload by automatically generating some (but not all) of the necessary API definitions required by the Xamarin.iOS binding. Finally, we'll create a Xamarin.iOS application that uses the binding. The sample application will demonstrate how to use a strong delegate for communication between the InfColorPicker API and our C# code. After we've seen how to use a strong delegate, we'll cover how to use weak delegates to perform the same tasks. Requirements This article assumes that you have some familiarity with Xcode and the Objective-C language and you have read our Binding Objective-C documentation. Additionally, the following is required to complete the steps presented: Xcode 7 and ios - Apple's Xcode 7 and the latest ios API need to be installed and configured on the developer's computer. Xcode Command Line Tools - The Xcode Command Line Tools must be installed for the currently installed version of Xcode (see below for installation details). Xamarin Studio or Visual Studio - The latest version of Xamarin Studio or Visual Studio should be installed and configured on the development computer. An Apple Mac is required for developing a Xamarin.iOS application, and when using Visual Studio you must be connected to a Xamarin.iOS build host The latest version of Objective Sharpie - A current copy of the Objective Sharpie tool downloaded from here. If you already have Objective Sharpie installed, you can update it to the latest version by using the sharpie update Installing the Xcode Command Line Tools As stated above, we'll be using Xcode Command Line Tools (specifically make and lipo) in this walkthrough. The make command is a very common Unix utility that will automate the compilation of executable programs and libraries by using a makefile that specifies how the program should be built. The lipo command is an OS X command line utility for creating multi-architecture files; it will combine multiple.a files into one file that can be used by all hardware architectures. As stated above, we'll be using Xcode Command Line Tools on the Mac Build Host (specifically make and lipo) in this walkthrough. The make command is a very common Unix utility that will automate the compilation of executable programs and libraries by using a makefile to specifies how to build the program. The lipo command is an OS X command line utility for creating multi-architecture files; it will combine multiple.a files into one file that can be used by all hardware architectures. According to Apple's Building from the Command Line with Xcode FAQ documentation, in OS X 10.9 and greater, the Downloads pane of Xcode Preferences dialog not longer supports the downloading command-line tools. You'll need to use one of the following methods to install the tools: Install Xcode 6 (or greater) - When you install Xcode 6 or greater, it comes bundled with all your command-line tools. In OS X 10.9 shims (installed in /usr/bin), can map any tool included in /usr/bin to the corresponding tool inside Xcode. For

example, the xcrun command, which allows you to find or run any tool inside Xcode from the command line.

command: Start the Terminal Application.

command line tools, click the Install button: The tools will be downloaded and installed from Apple's servers: Downloads for Apple

3 example, the xcrun command, which allows you to find or run any tool inside Xcode from the command line. The Terminal Application - From the Terminal application, you can install the command line tools by running the xcodeselect --install command: Start the Terminal Application. Type xcode-select --install and press Enter, for example: Europa:~ kmullins$ xcode-select --install You'll be asked to install the command line tools, click the Install button: The tools will be downloaded and installed from Apple's servers: Downloads for Apple Developers - The Command Line Tools package is available the Downloads for Apple Developers web page. Log in with your Apple ID, then search for and download the Command Line Tools: With the Command Line Tools installed, we're ready to continue on with the walkthrough. Walkthrough

In this walkthrough, we'll cover the following steps: Create a Static Library - This step involves creating a static library of the InfColorPicker Objective-C code. The static library will have the.

4 In this walkthrough, we'll cover the following steps: Create a Static Library - This step involves creating a static library of the InfColorPicker Objective-C code. The static library will have the.a file extension, and will be embedded into the.net assembly of the library project. Create a Xamarin.iOS Binding Project - Once we have a static library, we will use it to create a Xamarin.iOS binding project. The binding project consists of the static library we just created and metadata in the form of C# code that explains how the Objective-C API can be used. This metadata is commonly referred to as the API definitions. We'll use Objective Sharpie to help us with create the API definitions. Normalize the API Definitions - Objective Sharpie does a great job of helping us, but it can't do everything. We'll discuss some changes that we need to make to the API definitions before they can be used. Use the Binding Library - Finally, we'll create a Xamarin.iOS application to show how to use our newly created binding project. Now that we understand what steps are involved, let's move on to the rest of the walkthrough. Creating A Static Library If we inspect the code for InfColorPicker in Github: On our Mac Build Host, if we inspect the code for InfColorPicker in Github: We can see the following three directories in the project: InfColorPicker - This directory contains the Objective-C code for the project. PickerSamplePad - This directory contains a sample ipad project. PickerSamplePhone - This directory contains a sample iphone project. Let's download the InfColorPicker project from GitHub and unzip it in the directory of our choosing. Opening up the Xcode target for PickerSamplePhone project, we see the following project structure in the Xcode Navigator:

Because this particular project does not provide us with a static library, it is necessary for us create an Xcode project to compile the static library.

5 This project achieves code reuse by directly adding the InfColorPicker source code (in the red box) into each sample project. The code for the sample project is inside the blue box. Because this particular project does not provide us with a static library, it is necessary for us create an Xcode project to compile the static library. The first step is for us to add the InfoColorPicker source code into the Static Library. To achieve this let's do the following: 1. Start Xcode. 2. From the File menu select New > Project...: 3. Select Framework & Library, the Cocoa Touch Static Library template and click the Next button:

h file already exists in our static library (by default), Xcode will not allow us to overwrite it.

6 4. Enter InfColorPicker for the Project Name and click the Next button: 5. Select a location to save the project and click the OK button. 6. Now we need to add the source from the InfColorPicker project to our static library project. Because the InfColorPicker.h file already exists in our static library (by default), Xcode will not allow us to overwrite it. From the Finder, navigate to the InfColorPicker source code in the original project that we unzipped from GitHub, copy all of the InfColorPicker files and paste them into our new static library project: 7. Return to Xcode, right click on the InfColorPicker folder and select Add files to "InfColorPicker...":

7 8. From the Add Files dialog box, navigate to the InfColorPicker source code files that we just copied, select them all and click the Add button: 9. The source code will be copied into our project:

10. From the Xcode Project Navigator, select the InfColorPicker.

You can find this information either in the README, or by opening one of the sample projects

8 10. From the Xcode Project Navigator, select the InfColorPicker.m file and comment out the last two lines (because of the way this library was written, this file is not used): 11. We now need to check if there are any Frameworks required by the library. You can find this information either in the README, or by opening one of the sample projects provided. This example uses Foundation.framework, UIKit.framework, and CoreGraphics.framework so let's add them. 12. Select the InfColorPicker target > Build Phases and expand the Link Binary With Libraries section:

9 13. Use the + button to open the dialog allowing you to add the required frames frameworks listed above: 14. The Link Binary With Libraries section should now look like the image below: At this point we're close, but we're not quite done. The static library has been created, but we need to build it to create a Fat binary that includes all of the required architectures for both ios device and ios simulator. Creating a Fat Binary All ios devices have processors powered by ARM architecture that have developed over time. Each new architecture added new instructions and other improvements while still maintaining backwards compatibility. On ios devices we have armv6, armv7, armv7s, arm64 instruction sets although we no longer use armv6. The ios simulator is not powered by ARM and is istead a x86 and

10 x86_64 powered simulator. We that means for us is that we must provide libraries on each instruction sets. A Fat library is.a file containing all the supported architectures. Creating a fat binary is a three step process: Compile an ARM 7 & ARM64 version of the static library. Compile an x86 and x84_64 version of the static library. Use the lipo command line tool to combine the two static libraries into one. While these three steps are rather straightforward, and it may be necessary to repeat them in the future when the Objective-C library receives updates or if we require bug fixes. If you decide to automate these steps, it will simplify the future maintenance and support of the ios binding project. There are many tools available to automate such tasks - a shell script, rake, xbuild, and make. When we installed the Xcode Command Line tools, we also installed make, so that is the build system that will be used for this walkthrough. Here is a Makefile that you can use to create a multi-architecture shared library that will work on an ios device and the simulator for the any library: XBUILD=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/xcodebuild PROJECT_ROOT=./YOUR-PROJECT-NAME PROJECT=$(PROJECT_ROOT)/YOUR-PROJECT-NAME.xcodeproj TARGET=YOUR-PROJECT-NAME all: lib$(target).a lib$(target)-i386.a: $(XBUILD) -project $(PROJECT) -target $(TARGET) -sdk iphonesimulator -configuration Release clean build -mv $(PROJECT_ROOT)/build/Release-iphonesimulator/lib$(TARGET).a $@ lib$(target)-armv7.a: $(XBUILD) -project $(PROJECT) -target $(TARGET) -sdk iphoneos -arch armv7 -configuration Release clean build -mv $(PROJECT_ROOT)/build/Release-iphoneos/lib$(TARGET).a $@ lib$(target)-arm64.a: $(XBUILD) -project $(PROJECT) -target $(TARGET) -sdk iphoneos -arch arm64 -configuration Release clean build -mv $(PROJECT_ROOT)/build/Release-iphoneos/lib$(TARGET).a $@ lib$(target).a: lib$(target)-i386.a lib$(target)-armv7.a lib$(target)-arm64.a xcrun -sdk iphoneos lipo -create -output $@ $^ clean: -rm -f *.a *.dll Enter the Makefile commands in the plain text editor of your choosing, and update the sections with YOUR-PROJECT-NAME with the name of your project. It is also important to ensure that we you paste the instructions above, that the tabs within the instructions have been preserved.

Save the file with the name Makefile to the same location as the InfColorPicker Xcode Static Library we created above: Open the Terminal Application on your Mac and navigate to the location of your

11 Save the file with the name Makefile to the same location as the InfColorPicker Xcode Static Library we created above: Open the Terminal Application on your Mac and navigate to the location of your Makefile. Type make into the Terminal, press Enter and the Makefile will be executed: When you run make, you will see a lot of text scrolling by. If everything worked correctly, you'll see the words BUILD SUCCEEDED and the libinfcolorpicker-armv7.a, libinfcolorpicker-i386.a and libinfcolorpickersdk.a files will be copied to the same location as the Makefile: You can confirm the architectures within your Fat binary by using the following command: xcrun -sdk iphoneos lipo -info libinfcolorpicker.a This should display the following: Architectures in the fat file: libinfcolorpicker.a are: i386 armv7 x86_64 arm64 At this point, we've completed the first step of our ios binding by creating a static library using Xcode and the Xcode Command Line tools make and lipo. Let's move to the next step and use Objective-Sharpie to automate the creation of the API bindings for us.

Let's do the following: 1. Start Xamarin Studio. 2. From the File menu, select New > Solution...: 3.

12 Create a Xamarin.iOS Binding Project Before we can use Objective-Sharpie to automate the binding process, we need to create a Xamarin.iOS Binding Project to house the API Definitions (that we'll be using Objective-Sharpie to help us build) and create the C# binding for us. Let's do the following: 1. Start Xamarin Studio. 2. From the File menu, select New > Solution...: 3. From the New Solution dialog box, select Library > ios Binding Project: 4. Click the Next button. 5. Enter InfColorPickerBinding as the Project Name and click the Create button to create the solution:

13 The solution will be created and two default files will be included: 1. Start Visual Studio. 2. From the File menu, select New > Project...:

The solution will be created and two default files will be included: ApiDefinition.

14 3. From the New Project dialog box, select ios > Bindings Library: 4. Enter InfColorPickerBinding as the Name and click the OK button to create the solution. The solution will be created and two default files will be included: ApiDefinition.cs - This file will contain the contracts that define how Objective-C API's will be wrapped in C#. Structs.cs - This file will hold any structures or enumeration values that are required by the interfaces and delegates.

above for the InfColorPicker library. Let's do the following: 1.

15 We'll be working with these two files later in the walkthrough. First, we need to add the InfColorPicker library to the binding project. Including the Static Library in the Binding Project Now we have our base Binding Project ready, we need to add the Fat Binary library we created above for the InfColorPicker library. Let's do the following: 1. Right-click on the Native References folder in the Solution Pad and select Add Native References: 2. Navigate to the Fat Binary we made earlier (libinfcolorpickersdk.a) and press the Open button: 3. The file will be included in the project:

16 1. Right-click on the InfColorPicker project in the Solution Explorer and select Add > Existing Item...: 2. Copy the libinfcolorpickersdk.a from your Mac Build Host and paste it into your binding project. 3. Navigate to the libinfcolorpickersdk.a and press the Add button:

17 4. The file will be included in the project. When the.a file is added to the project, Xamarin.iOS will automatically set the Build Action of the file to ObjcBindingNativeLibrary, and create a special file called libinfcolorpickersdk.linkwith.cs. This file contains the LinkWith attribute that tells Xamarin.iOS how handle the static library that we just added. The contents of this file are shown in the following code snippet: using ObjCRuntime; [assembly: LinkWith ("libinfcolorpickersdk.a", SmartLink = true, ForceLoad = true)] The LinkWith attribute identifies the static library for the project and some important linker flags. The next thing we need to do is to create the API definitions for the InfColorPicker project. For the purposes of this walkthrough, we will use Objective Sharpie to generate the file ApiDefinition.cs. Using Objective Sharpie Objective Sharpie is a command line tool (provided by Xamarin) that can assist in creating the definitions required to bind a 3rd party Objective-C library to C#. In this section, we'll use Objective Sharpie to create the initial ApiDefinition.cs for the InfColorPicker project. Objective Sharpie is a command line tool (provided by Xamarin) that can assist in creating the definitions required to bind a 3rd party Objective-C library to C#. In this section, we'll use Objective Sharpie on our Mac Build Host to create the initial ApiDefinition.cs for the InfColorPicker project. To get started, let's download Objective Sharpie installer file as detailed in this guide. Run the installer and follow all of the onscreen prompts from the install wizard to install Objective Sharpie on our development computer. After we have Objective Sharpie successfully installed, let's start the Terminal app and enter the following command to get help on all of the tools that it provides to assist in binding: sharpie -help If we execute the above command, the following output will be generated: Europa:Resources kmullins$ sharpie -help usage: sharpie [OPTIONS] TOOL [TOOL_OPTIONS] Options: -h, --helpshow detailed help -v, --versionshow version information Available Tools: xcode Get information about Xcode installations and available SDKs. bind Create a Xamarin C# binding to Objective-C APIs

18 Europa:Resources kmullins$ For the purpose of this walkthrough, we will be using the following Objective Sharpie tools: xcode - This tools gives us information about our current Xcode install and the versions of ios and Mac APIs that we have installed. We will be using this information later when we generate our bindings. bind - We'll use this tool to parse the.h files in the InfColorPicker project into the initial ApiDefinition.cs and StructsAndEnums.cs files. To get help on a specific Objective Sharpie tool, enter the name of the tool and the -help option. For example, sharpie xcode - help returns the following output: Europa:Resources kmullins$ sharpie xcode -help usage: sharpie xcode [OPTIONS]+ Options: -h, --help -v, --verbose --sdks Europa:Resources kmullins$ Show detailed help Be verbose with output List all available Xcode SDKs. Pass -verbose for more details. Before we can start the binding process, we need to get information about our current installed SDKs by entering the following command into the Terminal sharpie xcode -sdks: amyb:desktop amyb$ sharpie xcode -sdks sdk: appletvos9.2 arch: arm64 sdk: iphoneos9.3 arch: arm64 armv7 sdk: macosx10.11 arch: x86_64 i386 sdk: watchos2.2 arch: armv7 From the above, we can see that we have the iphoneos8.1 SDK installed on our machine. With this information in place, we are ready to parse the InfColorPicker project.h files into the initial ApiDefinition.cs and StructsAndEnums.cs for the InfColorPicker project. Enter the following command in the the Terminal app: sharpie bind --output=infcolorpicker --namespace=infcolorpicker --sdk=[iphone-os] [full-path-toproject]/infcolorpicker/infcolorpicker/*.h Where [full-path-to-project] is the full path to the directory where the InfColorPicker Xcode project file is located on our computer, and [iphone-os] is the ios SDK that we have installed, as noted by the sharpie xcode -sdks command. Note that in this example we've passed *.h as a parameter, which includes all the header files in this directory - normally you should NOT do this, but instead carefully read through the header files to find the top-level.h file that references all the other relevant files, and just pass that to Objective Sharpie. The following output will be generated in the terminal: Europa:Resources kmullins$ sharpie bind -output InfColorPicker -namespace InfColorPicker -sdk iphoneos8.1 /Users/kmullins/Projects/InfColorPicker/InfColorPicker/InfColorPicker.h -unified Compiler configuration:

19 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS.sdk -miphoneos-version-min=8.1 -resource-dir /Library/Frameworks/ObjectiveSharpie.framework/Versions/1.1.1/clang-resources -arch armv7 -ObjC [ 0%] parsing /Users/kmullins/Projects/InfColorPicker/InfColorPicker/InfColorPicker.h In file included from /Users/kmullins/Projects/InfColorPicker/InfColorPicker/InfColorPicker.h:60: /Users/kmullins/Projects/InfColorPicker/InfColorPicker/InfColorPickerController.h:28:1: warning: no 'assign', 'retain', or 'copy' attribute is specified - 'assign' is assumed (nonatomic) UIColor* sourcecolor; ^ /Users/kmullins/Projects/InfColorPicker/InfColorPicker/InfColorPickerController.h:28:1: warning: default property attribute 'assign' not appropriate for non-gc object [-Wobjc-property-no-attribute] /Users/kmullins/Projects/InfColorPicker/InfColorPicker/InfColorPickerController.h:29:1: warning: no 'assign', 'retain', or 'copy' attribute is specified - 'assign' is assumed (nonatomic) UIColor* resultcolor; ^ /Users/kmullins/Projects/InfColorPicker/InfColorPicker/InfColorPickerController.h:29:1: warning: default property attribute 'assign' not appropriate for non-gc object [-Wobjc-property-no-attribute] 4 warnings generated. [100%] parsing complete [bind] InfColorPicker.cs Europa:Resources kmullins$ And the InfColorPicker.enums.cs and InfColorPicker.cs files will be created in our directory: Open both of these files in our Xamarin Studio Binding project that we created above. Copy the contents of the InfColorPicker.cs file and paste it into the ApiDefinition.cs file, replacing the existing namespace... code block with the contents of the InfColorPicker.cs file (leaving the using statements intact):

Open both of these files in our Visual Studio Binding project that we created above. Copy the contents of the InfColorPicker.cs file (from the Mac Build Host) and paste it into the ApiDefinition.

20 Open both of these files in our Visual Studio Binding project that we created above. Copy the contents of the InfColorPicker.cs file (from the Mac Build Host) and paste it into the ApiDefinition.cs file, replacing the existing namespace... code block with the contents of the InfColorPicker.cs file (leaving the using statements intact). Normalize the API Definitions Objective Sharpie sometimes has an issue translating Delegates, so we will need to modify the definition of the InfColorPickerControllerDelegate interface and replace the [Protocol, Model] line with the following: [BaseType(typeof(NSObject))] [Model] So that the definition looks like: Next, we do the same thing with the contents of the InfColorPicker.enums.cs file, copying and pasting them in the StructsAndEnums.cs file leaving the using statements intact: You may also find that Objective Sharpie has annotated the binding with [Verify] attributes. These attributes indicate that you should verify that Objective Sharpie did the correct thing by comparing the binding with the original C/Objective-C declaration (which will be provided in a comment above the bound declaration). Once you have verified the bindings, you should remove the verify attribute. For more information, refer to the Verify guide. At this point, our binding project should be complete and ready to build. Let's build our binding project and make sure that we ended up with no errors:

At this point, our binding project should be complete and ready to build. Let's build our binding project and make sure that we ended up with no errors.

21 At this point, our binding project should be complete and ready to build. Let's build our binding project and make sure that we ended up with no errors. Using the Binding We should now have a working Xamarin.iOS Binding Library project for the Objective-C InfColorPicker library. Let's create a sample iphone application to use this binding. 1. Create Xamarin.iOS Project - Add a new Xamarin.iOS project called InfColorPickerSample to the solution, as shown in the following screenshots:

2. Add Reference to the Binding Project - Update the InfColorPickerSample project so that it has a reference to the InfColorPickerBinding project: 3.

22 2. Add Reference to the Binding Project - Update the InfColorPickerSample project so that it has a reference to the InfColorPickerBinding project: 3. Create the iphone User Interface - Double click on the MainStoryboard.storyboard file in the InfColorPickerSample project to edit it in the ios Designer. Add a Button to the view and call it ChangeColorButton, as shown in the following: 4. Add the InfColorPickerView.xib - The InfColorPicker Objective-C library includes a.xib file. Xamarin.iOS will not include this.xib in the binding project, which will cause run-time errors in our sample application. The workaround for this is to add the.xib file to our Xamarin.iOS project. Select the Xamarin.iOS project, right-click and select Add > Add Files, and add the.xib file as shown in the following screenshot:

23 5. When asked, copy the.xib file into the project. 1. Create Xamarin.iOS Project - Add a new Xamarin.iOS project called InfColorPickerSample to the solution, as shown in the following screenshot: 2. Add Reference to the Binding Project - Update the InfColorPickerSample project so that it has a reference to the InfColorPickerBinding project:

3. Create the iphone User Interface - Double click on the MainStoryboard.storyboard file in the InfColorPickerSample project to edit it in the ios Designer.

24 3. Create the iphone User Interface - Double click on the MainStoryboard.storyboard file in the InfColorPickerSample project to edit it in the ios Designer. Add a Button to the view and call it ChangeColorButton, as shown in the following: 4. Add the InfColorPickerView.xib - The InfColorPicker Objective-C library includes a.xib file. Xamarin.iOS will not include this.xib in the binding project, which will cause run-time errors in our sample application. The workaround for this is to add the.xib file to our Xamarin.iOS project from our Mac Build Host. Select the Xamarin.iOS project, right-click and select Add > Existing Item..., and add the.xib file. Next, let's take a quick look at Protocols in Objective-C and how we handle them in binding and C# code. Protocols and Xamarin.iOS In Objective-C, a protocol defines methods (or messages) that can be used in certain circumstances. Conceptually, they are very similar to interfaces in C#. One major difference between an Objective-C protocol and a C# interface is that protocols can have optional methods - methods that a class does not have to implement. Objective-C uses keyword is used to indicate which methods are optional. For more information on protocols see Events, Protocols and Delegates. InfColorPickerController has one such protocol, shown in the code snippet - (void) colorpickercontrollerdidfinish: (InfColorPickerController*) controller; // This is only called when the color picker is presented modally. - (void) colorpickercontrollerdidchangecolor: (InfColorPickerController*) This protocol is used by InfColorPickerController to inform clients that the user has picked a new color and that the

25 InfColorPickerController is finished. Objective Sharpie mapped this protocol as shown in the following code snippet: [BaseType(typeof(NSObject))] [Model] public partial interface InfColorPickerControllerDelegate { [Export ("colorpickercontrollerdidfinish:")] void ColorPickerControllerDidFinish (InfColorPickerController controller); } [Export ("colorpickercontrollerdidchangecolor:")] void ColorPickerControllerDidChangeColor (InfColorPickerController controller); When the binding library is compiled, Xamarin.iOS will create an abstract base class called InfColorPickerControllerDelegate, which implements this interface with virtual methods. There are two ways that we can implement this interface in a Xamarin.iOS application: Strong Delegate - Using a strong delegate involves creating a C# class that subclasses InfColorPickerControllerDelegate and overrides the appropriate methods. InfColorPickerController will use an instance of this class to communicate with its clients. Weak Delegate - A weak delegate is a slightly different technique that involves creating a public method on some class (such as InfColorPickerSampleViewController) and then exposing that method to the InfColorPickerDelegate protocol via an Export attribute. Strong delegates provide Intellisense, type safety, and better encapsulation. For these reasons, you should use strong delegates where you can, instead of a weak delegate. In this walkthrough we will discuss both techniques. Let's start with implementing a strong delegate, and then move on to cover how to implement a weak delegate. Implementing a Strong Delegate Let's finish up our Xamarin.iOS application by using a strong delegate to respond to the colorpickercontrollerdidfinish: message: Subclass InfColorPickerControllerDelegate - In this step we will add a new class to the project called ColorSelectedDelegate. Edit the class so that it has the following code: using InfColorPickerBinding; using UIKit; namespace InfColorPickerSample { public class ColorSelectedDelegate:InfColorPickerControllerDelegate { readonly UIViewController parent; public ColorSelectedDelegate (UIViewController parent) {

26 } this.parent = parent; } } public override void ColorPickerControllerDidFinish (InfColorPickerController controller) { parent.view.backgroundcolor = controller.resultcolor; parent.dismissviewcontroller (false, null); } Xamarin.iOS will bind the Objective-C delegate by creating an abstract base class called InfColorPickerControllerDelegate. We subclass this type and override the ColorPickerControllerDidFinish method to access the value of the ResultColor property of InfColorPickerController. Create a instance of ColorSelectedDelegate - Our event handler will need an instance of the ColorSelectedDelegate type that we created in the previous step. Edit the class InfColorPickerSampleViewController and add the following instance variable to the class: ColorSelectedDelegate selector; Initialize the ColorSelectedDelegate variable - To ensure that selector is a valid instance, update the method ViewDidLoad in ViewController to match the following snippet: public override void ViewDidLoad () { base.viewdidload (); ChangeColorButton.TouchUpInside += HandleTouchUpInsideWithStrongDelegate; selector = new ColorSelectedDelegate (this); } Implement the method HandleTouchUpInsideWithStrongDelegate - Next we need to implement the event handler for when the user touches ColorChangeButton. Edit ViewController, and add the following method: using InfColorPicker;... private void HandleTouchUpInsideWithStrongDelegate (object sender, EventArgs e) { InfColorPickerController picker = InfColorPickerController.ColorPickerViewController(); picker.delegate = selector; picker.presentmodallyoverviewcontroller (this); } We first obtain an instance of InfColorPickerController via a static method, and make that instance aware of our strong delegate via the property InfColorPickerController.Delegate. This property was automatically generated for us by Objective Sharpie. Finally we call PresentModallyOverViewController to show the view InfColorPickerSampleViewController.xib so that the user may select a color.

27 Run the Application - At this point we're done with all of our code. If you run the application, you should be able to change the background color of the InfColorColorPickerSampleView as shown in the following screenshots: Congratulations! At this point you've successfully created and bound an Objective-C library for use in a Xamarin.iOS application. Next, let's learn about using weak delegates. Implementing a Weak Delegate Instead of subclassing a class bound to the Objective-C protocol for a particular delegate, Xamarin.iOS also lets you implement the protocol methods in any class that derives from NSObject, decorating your methods with the ExportAttribute, and then supplying the appropriate selectors. When you take this approach, you assign an instance of your class to the WeakDelegate property instead of to the Delegate property. A weak delegate offers you the flexibility to take your delegate class down a different inheritance hierarchy. Let s see how to implement and use a weak delegate in our Xamarin.iOS application. Create Event Handler for TouchUpInside - Let's create a new event handler for the TouchUpInside event of the Change Background Color button. This handler will fill the same role as the HandleTouchUpInsideWithStrongDelegate handler that we created in the previous section, but will use a weak delegate instead of a strong delegate. Edit the class ViewController, and add the following method: private void HandleTouchUpInsideWithWeakDelegate (object sender, EventArgs e) { InfColorPickerController picker = InfColorPickerController.ColorPickerViewController(); picker.weakdelegate = this; picker.sourcecolor = this.view.backgroundcolor; picker.presentmodallyoverviewcontroller (this);

28 } Update ViewDidLoad - We must change ViewDidLoad so that it uses the event handler that we just created. Edit ViewController and change ViewDidLoad to resemble the following code snippet: public override void ViewDidLoad () { base.viewdidload (); ChangeColorButton.TouchUpInside += HandleTouchUpInsideWithWeakDelegate; } Handle the colorpickercontrollerdidfinish: Message - When the ViewController is finished, ios will send the message colorpickercontrollerdidfinish: to the WeakDelegate. We need to create a C# method that can handle this message. To do this, we create a C# method and then adorn it with the ExportAttribute. Edit ViewController, and add the following method to the class: [Export("colorPickerControllerDidFinish:")] public void ColorPickerControllerDidFinish (InfColorPickerController controller) { View.BackgroundColor = controller.resultcolor; DismissViewController (false, null); } Run the application. It should now behave exactly as it did before, but it's using a weak delegate instead of the strong delegate. At this point you've successfully completed this walkthrough. You should now have an understanding of how to create and consume a Xamarin.iOS binding project. Summary This article walked through the process of creating and using a Xamarin.iOS binding project. First we discussed how to compile an existing Objective-C library into a static library. Then we covered how to create a Xamarin.iOS binding project, and how to use Objective Sharpie to generate the API definitions for the Objective-C library. We discussed how to update and tweak the generated API definitions to make them suitable for public consumption. After the Xamarin.iOS binding project was finished, we moved on to consuming that binding in a Xamarin.iOS application, with a focus on using strong delegates and weak delegates.

iphone App Basics iphone and ipod touch Development Fall 2009 Lecture 5

iphone App Basics iphone and ipod touch Development Fall 2009 Lecture 5 Questions? Announcements Assignment #1 due this evening by 11:59pm Remember, if you wish to use a free late you must email me before