Tape. Zhichao Cao 11/25/2015

Transcription

1 Tape Zhichao Cao 11/25/2015

2 Storage Media Stack DRAM NVRAM SSD High performance HDD Regular HDD SMR based HDD Tape

3 Overview History of tape Working Principles and Process Application Current Research LTFS

4 Overview History of tape Working Principles and Process Application Current Research LTFS

5 History of tape Source:

6 History of tape Emergence of cassette in 1950s to 1960s(tape recorders) Used for computers data storage in 1950s(tape drives) 1951 first computer drive by Remington Rand 1964 first 9-track tape for 8-bit storage by IBM 2010 LTFS for tape to access files on tape in file system directly by IBM Source:

7 Overview History of tape Working Principles and Process Application Current Research LTFS

8 Working Principles and Process Source: Ben. Tape lagency

9 Working Principles and Process Source:

10 Working Principles and Process Three videos:

11 Main Tape Technologies helical scan tape rotate the head against the tape at high speed; tape itself moves at a slow speed; Each segment of the signal is recorded as a diagonal stripe across the tape; 4mm (DAT), 8mm (video), and the analog VHS cassette; rotation of the head can impose severe wear- out on the tape; parallel tape serpentine tape Source: Sandsta O, Midtstraum R. Low- Cost Access Time Model for Serpentine Tape Drives[C]//Mass Storage Systems, th IEEE Symposium on. IEEE, 1999:

12 Main Tape Technologies helical scan tape parallel tape Drives read/write all tracks in parallel during one scan of the tape; eight data tracks and one parity track for a total of nine parallel tracks; Tapes came in various sizes up to 3,600 feet (1,100 m) in length; serpentine tape Source:

13 Main Tape Technologies helical scan tape parallel tape serpentine tape read/write a track (or a group of tracks) in forward direction, then read/write the next track in reverse direction, and so on; QIC Quarter Inch Cassette, both wheels inside the cassette; DLT uses a half inch tape which is stored in a cartridge with only one reel, the second reel is part of the tape drive Source: Sandsta O, Midtstraum R. Low- Cost Access Time Model for Serpentine Tape Drives[C]//Mass Storage Systems, th IEEE Symposium on. IEEE, 1999:

14 Overview History of tape Working Principles and Process Applications Current Research LTFS

15 Tape drive applications Data backup; Data achieve; Cloud storage

16 Backup Source: n_to_data_protection.pdf

17 backup

18 backup

19 Data Archiving Definition: Data archiving is the process of moving data that is no longer actively used to a separate storage device for long- term retention. Archive data consists of older data that is still important to the organization and may be needed for future reference, as well as data that must be retained for regulatory compliance. Source: drive

20 Data Archiving Advantages of tape drive: High reliability 10^b- 19 uncorrectable error rate 10^b- 28 undetectable rate Long durability 20 to 30 years Low maintenance costs No energy needed in the rack for store High sequential throughput

21 Cloud Storage massive arrays of idle disks (MAID systems); tape formats with file- system- like accessibility to replace idle disk; Cold storage or deep archiving might be the primary use case; private, on- premises, short- term protection is diskbased, and overflow or longer- term, at- scale storage is housed by the cloud service provider on tape Source: storage/storage/esg- wp- cloud- storage- apr pdf

22 Cloud storage Source:

23 Overview History of tape Working Principles and Process Application Current Research LTFS

24 Current Research Areas Data storing density Data accessing latency optimization File format accessing Tape for tiered storage Tape for cloud storage

25 Data storing density Source:

26 Data storing density Sony s new magnetic tape technology enables 185 TB cartridges Around150Git persquare inchdensity; 180TB total capacity(current capacity is about 4-10TB per cartridge); Experimental productfinished in 2014; deposit fine nano- grain magnetic particles on a soft polymer Source: tb- magnetic- tape- storage/31910/

27 Data accessing latency optimization Source:

28 File format accessing Source: R3.pdf

29 Tape for tiered storage NVRAM DRAM NVRAM SSD SSD Tape High performance HDD Regular HDD SMR based HDD NVRAM Tape Tape

30 Overview History of tape Working Principles and Process Application Current Research LTFS

31 LTFS: linear Tape File system Source: LTFS Overview and Demo - Accelerate with ATS

32 Source: LTFS Overview and Demo - Accelerate with ATS

33 Source: LTFS Overview and Demo - Accelerate with ATS

34 Tape partition Source: Ben. Tape lagency

35 Use case

36 Reference MAM&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww- 05.ibm.com%2Fbg%2Fevents%2Finformation_infrastructure%2Fppt%2FIBM- System- Storage- TS1140- Tape- Drive.ppt&usg=AFQjCNHYKDBv9NbGwH6m6eshs1gH4gUyNg MAY&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbissitgs.wikispaces.com%2Ffile%2Fview%2FMagnetic%2BTape.ppt&usg=AFQjCNFMmm9s2V_rlj1eefROd b1ofwff1g url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.saga.rs%2ffileadmin%2fcontent%2fsaga.rs%2fdownloads%2farchive Data_protection_1.0.ppt&usg =AFQjCNE7D8g_EF- r4z8nvzkgank7r- 353A %20TechOverview%20V4.1.pdf %20Transport%20- %20FormattedV5.0.pdf %20Media%204.0.pdf %20Heads%20- %20FormattedV5.0.pdf %20Channels%20- %20FormattedV5.0.pdf

37 R3.pdf MAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww- 01.ibm.com%2Fsupport%2Fdocview.wss%3Fuid%3Dtss1prs5106%26aid%3D1&usg=AFQjCNHgAc6TD4gt4ru- 7RjibeQCEdpAQw MAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww- 05.ibm.com%2Fbg%2Fevents%2Finformation_infrastructure%2Fppt%2FIBM- Linear- Tape- File- System.ppt&usg=AFQjCNG01XiwBkQ1zvpZMzgcPux3w4AsEg oct2012/08- Francis_PASIG.pdf per/11magtap.pdf