IoT based Control and Protection of Electrical Home Appliances

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1 IoT based Control and Protection of Electrical Home Appliances Priyanka Aishwarya M ept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, The National Institute of Engineering, Mysore, India Abstract Broadband Internet is becoming more widely available, the cost of connecting is decreasing, more devices are being created with Wi-Fi capabilities and sensors built into them, technology costs are going down, and smartphone penetration is sky-rocketing. All of these things are creating a perfect storm for the IoT. With the rapid increase in the number of users of internet over the past decade has made Internet a part and parcel of life, and IoT is the latest and emerging internet technology. Internet of things is a growing network of everyday object-from industrial machine to consumer goods that can share information and complete tasks while you are busy with other activities. The Internet of Things is still in its infancy. At this point, the possibilities are endless. To get a sense of the growth potential inherent in the Internet of Things, consider some of the ways that people use the Internet today compared to how the Internet was envisioned just 25 years ago. The Internet was originally thought of as simply a way for researchers to share files. The home automation system differs from other system by allowing the user to operate the system through internet connection. In our project we exploit the vast virtues provided by IoT by enabling the devices connected to a network, the capacity to control and protection through an emulated server. Thus in addition to control of devices remotely the protection and usage statistics can also be monitored if there are adequate resources at disposal. I. INTROUCTION Homes of the 21st century will become more and more self-controlled and automated due to the comfort it provides, especially when employed in a private home. A home automation system is a means that allow users to control electric appliances of varying kind. The main objectives of this project is to design and implement a home automation system using IoT that is capable of controlling and automating most of the house appliances through an easy manageable web interface. The proposed system has a great flexibility by using Wi-Fi technology to interconnect its distributed sensors to home automation server. This will decrease the deployment cost and will increase the ability of upgrading, and system reconfiguration. II. 1) Block diagram OVERALL EVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT Figure 3.1: Block diagram of IoT based home automation system ARM 7 processor is an electronic prototype platform used as connecting and control link between the devices that are to be controlled. A controller is used which may be a cellular device or a computer with internet connectivity. An ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is used which connects the ARM 7 processor to the virtual server. 2) Back End evelopment Here a set of loads are connected to the arm 7 processor through relays, which work on events of contingencies such as over/under voltages thus providing primary and thorough protection of the devices. These devices are continuously monitored and the instantaneous real time data will be sent to the server for real time monitoring. 3) Front End evelopment Here a server is allocated for storing the data and updating the data continuously relayed by the arm 7 processor. The server can be readily accessed by the IJIRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 86

2 user in a computer which has internet connectivity. The buttons provided on the site allows us to control the devices as required by the user. III. IMPLEMENTATION 1) Hardware Implementation This topic deals with the hardware interconnections and related interfacing of various components used. a) Interfacing of ARM 7 processor with 16X2 LC: JH162A is a 16 2 character LC module which is compatible to H44780 drivers from Hitachi. The JH162A has 16 pins and can be interfaced into 4-bit or 8-bit mode. Operates on 5V and has LE backlight. Usually LC operates at 5V but LPC2148 operates at 3.3V. The board we have used has on board +5V. So there is no need of using any level shifter circuit. Otherwise some level shifter will be needed to wire up additional circuitry. For the ARM7 and LC interfacing 7 connections are requied to create a 4-bit mode interfacing. This can be done by connecting 4 data bits (P0.2 P0.5, 4-7), address bit (RS-P0.15), read/write bit (R/W-P0.16) and control signal (E- P0.17) to make LC display. This interfacing is done to display the connection status of the ARM 7 Processor i.e, to display whether the ARM7 processor is connected to the wifi network or not. 7 processor must be dumped in to the Processor. To compile the code we should use KEIL software. It must be properly set up and a project with correct settings must be created in order to compile the code. To compile the code, the C file must be added to the project. The code must be compiled for generating the HEX file. The Flash Magic software is used to download the hex file into your microcontroller. LC VCC LPC2148 5V RS P P0.2 5 P0.3 6 P0.4 7 P0.5 Table: Pin Connection Figure 4.1: Interfacing of ARM7 processor with 16X2 LC b) Interfacing ARM 7 LPC2148 Processor with JQC Series Relay: The relay used here requires 12V and this voltage is supplied by the ARM7 LPC2148 processor. LPC2148 is interfaced with the relay to control the relay operations. Here we have used four Relays. The relay consists of a coil and a switch. When the coil is energized, the switch closes, connecting the two contacts together. Connector provided for external power supply if needed. For interfacing, Port P1.16 is connected to Relay 1, Port P1.17 to Relay2, and Port P1.18 to Relay3 and Port P1.19 to Relay3. When the port pins to high, relay will be activated. 7 processor must be dumped in to the Processor. R/W P0.16 EN P0.17 Relay ARM 7 LPC IJIRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 87

3 SUPPLY 12V RELAY 1 P1.16 RELAY 2 P1.17 RELAY 3 P1.18 RELAY 4 P1.19 Table: Pin Connection Fig 4.3: Interfacing LM35 Temperature Sensor with ARM7 d) Interfacing ARM7 LPC2148 with ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module ESP8266 has 8 pins, 4 in the row of 2. The first pin on the top left is. The two pins right from the are GPIO 2 and 0. We have not used these pins, as they are not important for the operation. The pin on the top right side is the RX pin and the pin on the lower left is TX. These are the pins for communication. The middle pins on the bottom are CH_P (chip power-down) and RST (reset). The main thing to remember is, that this device works with 3.3V. Even the RX and TX pins. Figure 4.2: Interfacing of ARM7 LPC2148 with JQC Series Relay c) Interfacing ARM 7 LPC2148 with LM35 Temperature Sensor The first pin is connected to, the second pin is connected to the Microcontroller input & third pin is connected to VCC. A single PIN female to female wire can be used to connect with the leads of LM35 temperature sensor. So when the temperature is sensing, it give the sensor reading to the controller. To read the temperature in LPC2148 Board from temperature sensor LM35. The ARM7 LPC2148 board uses the AC pin for reading temperature from temperature sensor LM35. The reading output is displayed into PC through UART1. The 10 bit AC used for reading the temperature from LM35. Basic clocking for the A/ converters is provided by the VPB clock. A programmable divider is included in each converter, to scale this clock to the 4.5 MHz (max) clock needed by the successive approximation process. A fully accurate conversion requires 11 of these clocks. 7 processor must be dumped in to the Processor. Figure 4.4: Interfacing ESP8266 Wifi module with ARM7 LPC2148 The ground and the Vcc pins are connected to ground and 3.3V respectively of the ARM7 LPC2148 controller board. TX and RX of Wifi module is connected to P0.8 TX and P0.9 RX pins respectively of the ARM7 board. e) Interfacing of ARM 7 LPC2148 with Fire Sensor Figure 4.5: Interfacing of ARM 7 LPC2148 with Fire Sensor Connection: IJIRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 88

4 Positive terminal of Fire Sensor is connected to. Negative terminal of Fire sensor is connected to VCC. Output pin is connected to 10 th pin of port0. f) Interfacing of ARM 7 LPC2148 with IR Sensor Figure 4.6: Interfacing of ARM 7 LPC2148 with IR Sensor Connections: Both VCC & of IR Sensor is connected to VCC & of ARM 7 LPC2148 respectively. Output terminal of IR sensor is connected to P0.25 of ARM 7 LPC ) Flow Chart Figure 4.8: Flow chart for the control and protection of electrical appliances using IoT Using KEIL µ vision software the required program is built, executed and then flashed into ARM 7 processor using UART Bridge. Embedded C is used as the coding language. Here UART Bridge used to transfer data from PC to processor serially. Flash magic software is used for flashing of program. ARM7 processor starts when the power supply is given to it. Figure 4.8 shows the flowchart of IOT Based Home Automation and Protection. In the first step, processor resets the operations that are previously being carried out. In the next step, it will initialize the LC display and also ports of the processor. Connect the Wi-Fi module and PC to the hotspot created by external source. The processor is ready to accept the data from Server. Hercules is the tool to open the virtual server. The connection establishment between Wi-Fi module and server is checked by clicking on listen button on TCP server side. If server is connected to Wi-Fi module a message of client connected is displayed on TCP server page. Message is sent to Wi-Fi module using AT commands on the input side.input is given as preloaded commands using send option. If send is equal to R1ON then relay 1 will be operated, the load is turned on. To turn off the relay R1OF is sent using send option, simultaneously the load is turned off. The send option is replaced with R2, R3, R4 for turning on and off of 2, 3, 4th relay. To check the temperature of the surrounding medium a command of TEMP is sent. The analog value of temperature is obtained and displayed in server. AC is used to obtain the value from temperature sensor. If the temperature is greater than 35 degree Celsius, then the relay 4 is turned on after displaying the temperature. To check the fire in the surrounding medium FIRE command is sent. If the fire is by fire sensors then fire message will be displayed and also the relay 3 will be turned on. Otherwise fire not message will be displayed. Similarly to check the object or person with in the range IRSE command is sent if there is any object or person in the range of IR sensor then IRSE message will be shown and relay 2 will be turned on. Otherwise IRSE not message will be displayed. IV. RESULTS After the successful connection to the server, the data of sensor are sent to the web server for monitoring of the system. The below table shows the output of the project with different commands IJIRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 89

5 SL N O COMMAN CONITIO N OUTPUT 1 R1ON If lamp is off Lamp ON 2 R1OFF If lamp is on Lamp OFF 3 TEMP 4 FIRE 5 IRSE If temperature< 35 If temperature > 35 If fire is not If fire is If motion is not If motion is temperature temperature and turns on relay 4 FIRE NOT FIRE and turns on relay IR NOT IR and turns on relay 2 providing control of various loads like light, fan etc. Total power consumed can be decreased by using smart controlling system. If one unit of power is saved at consumer level we can save two units of power at power station. Thus the importance of power saving and need of a smart system increases. FUTURE SCOPE The system is suitable for real-time home safety and for remotely controlling the home appliances and protection from fire accidents with immediate solutions. In future using web page, monitoring of the device can also be possible. The system can be built to function automatically detecting changes in the near environment by using heuristic and data hermeneutics analysis. Using this system as framework, the system can be expanded to include various other options which could include home security feature like capturing the photo of a person moving around the house and storing it onto the cloud. REFERENCES [1] Pooja Patel, Mitesh Patel, Vishwa Panchal& Vinit Nirmal, Home Automation Using Internet of Things, Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-5, 2016 ISSN: [2] Vinay sagar K,Kusuma S M,Home Automation Using Internet of Things, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) [3] Rajeev Piyare, Internet of Things: Ubiquitous Home Control and Monitoring System using Android based Smart Phone International Journal of Internet of Things 2013, 2(1): 5-11 [4] Proceedings of 2015 Global Conference on Communication Technologies (GCCT 2015) V. CONCLUSION The designed system not only monitors the sensor data, like temperature, fire, motion sensors, but also actuates a process according to the requirement, for example switching on the light when IR sensors detect the object, also IJIRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 90