Bring 5G into Reality

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Phoebe Rice
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Bring 5G into Reality IEEE ICC 2018 20-24 May 2018 // Kansas City, MO, USA

1 Bring 5G into Reality IEEE ICC May 2018 // Kansas City, MO, USA Yongxing Zhou Vice-President, Radio Access Network Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.

2 5G Industry Insight Use Cases Standard Spectrum Huawei 5G Update 2

3 Business Impact- Addressable Market/Operator Value 5G Use Cases Evaluation & Prioritization Use Cases Use Case Evaluation Use Case Example Key relevant Use cases 1 UHD/3D/Holo Video high AR/VR Connected Vehicle medium 6 4 Smart Manufacturing 5 Fixed Wireless Access Low Low medium high 6 Delivery Drone 5G Relevance/5G Essential Source: Huawei wireless X Labs 3

Standard 3GPP Accelerating 5G New Radio Standards ---R15 Establishes 5G Foundation, R16 for Full IMT-2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Release-15 Release-16 Original Plan Standard

20) SA NR 5G Phase2 Full IMT-2020 Global Deployment LTE Evolution Satisfy embb Universal Demands NR Framework Waveform & Channel Coding Frame Structure, Numerology Native MIMO

Sub6G Enhancement D2D Self-Backhaul V2X Vertical Digitalization Unlicensed R15 Establishes 5G Foundation, R16 for Full IMT-2020 Scenarios 4 Experience Enhancement Short TTI NB-IoT

4 Standard 3GPP Accelerating 5G New Radio Standards ---R15 Establishes 5G Foundation, R16 for Full IMT Release-15 Release-16 Original Plan Standard Accelerating 5G Phase1 NSA NR (Frozen on ) SA NR 5G Phase2 Full IMT-2020 Global Deployment LTE Evolution Satisfy embb Universal Demands NR Framework Waveform & Channel Coding Frame Structure, Numerology Native MIMO Flexible Duplex Architecture UL&DL Decoupling CU-DU Split NSA / SA Others urllc Focus on IoT Diversified Requirements NR Improvement urllc Enhancement New Multiple Access; mmtc embb Sub6G Enhancement D2D Self-Backhaul V2X Vertical Digitalization Unlicensed R15 Establishes 5G Foundation, R16 for Full IMT-2020 Scenarios 4 Experience Enhancement Short TTI NB-IoT Enhancement WTTx Enhancement Architecture LTE/NR DC LTE CU/DU Split (SI) FeCoMP (Non-Coherent JT) Experience Enhancement MIMO Enhancement Mobility Enhancement Zero Interruption LTE Evolution for All Service Bearer Network Architecture NG Core Support LTE CU/DU Split(WI) Vertical Industry NB-IoT/eMTC Compatible Aerial Vehicles over LTE (WI)

5 Spectrum C-band/G30/G40 Potentially Global Harmonized as New Bands Sub6GHz Europe USA China Japan Korea n77 n79 n GHz n258 ( GHz) n257 ( GHz) n260 (37 40 GHz) mmwave Europe USA China Japan Korea G GHz 1.6 GHz 3 GHz Confirmed Likely TBD G GHz 3 GHz 3.25 GHz 6.5 GHz 2 GHz 3 GHz WRC-19 candidate, global primary Mobile Service band WRC-19 candidate, not global primary Mobile Service Not in scope of WRC-19 AI1.13 GHz 5

6 3GPP-Based 5G Pre-Commercial Network in Leading Cities Toronto, Canada London, UK Berlin, Germany Tokyo, Japan Dubai, UAE Seoul, Korea Milan, Italy Shanghai, China Beijing, China + 30 Leading Operators 6

7 Huawei Leads IMT G Trial Highest Cell Throughput Lowest Latency Massive Connections Gbps ms Billion Most Complete E2E System Most Comprehensive Spectrum Most Comprehensive Interoperability Test Live Use Cases to verify NR capability NG Core RAN CPE 28 GHz 3.5 GHz 39 GHz 4.9 GHz Chipset 7

114 114 114 114 116 134 159 190 221 254 290

627 653 668 677 696 703 World s 1 st mmwave

3.5GHz & 28GHz Dual-Connectivity Trial Oct

Distance(m) Laptop/TV 5G E2E System IPTV over

8 World s 1 st mmwave CPE & Dual-Connectivity Field Trial Sep 2017, 3.5GHz & 28GHz Dual-Connectivity Trial Oct 2017, World s First mmwave CPE Trial THP (Gbps) > 20Gbps Peak Throughput C-Band 28GHz Dual-Connectivity Distance(m) Laptop/TV 5G E2E System IPTV over 5G CPE > 2Gbps 28GHz AAU Core Server Router User Throughput IPTV Server 8

9 5G mmwave FWA Service Launched in Vancouver 28GHz CPE 5G Subscriber Ethernet ~ 650m 28GHz Site 800MHz Bandwidth 4K IPTV / VR Set-top box CPE Indoor Part 9

User Plane Delay (us) User Plane Delay (us)

urllc Field Trial Yokohama, Japan Nov, 2017

Polar code Packet Size: 32/50/100/200 bytes

Scenario Distance>500m 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 MCS 0

10 User Plane Delay (us) User Plane Delay (us) <1ms latency World s First 5G urllc Field Trial Yokohama, Japan Nov, 2017 Mobility Scenario Distance>600m LOS Scenario Distance >1000m 4.5GHz 0.25ms TTI Grant free 20MHz BW (200MHz total) Polar code Packet Size: 32/50/100/200 bytes HARQ DL U-plane delay UL U-plane delay >99.999% us 540us NLOS Scenario Distance>500m MCS MCS Packet size [Byte] BS < 1ms > % Latency Reliability 10

11 5G NR Based Tele-operated Driving(ToD) Trial 10ms E2E Latency 0.12m Break Distance 5G NR 50Mbps For HD FoV Uploading UL Live Video DL Remote Control Transmission Application Scenario Load truck Shuttle bus Mine truck 52.3 km Car & Cameras Remote Control 11

12 5G Challenges and Beyond Architecture embb Capacity embb Coverage URLLC mmtc 12

13 Architecture RAN Evolution Path: NSA & SA Both Share the Same Ecosystem NSA (Non Standalone) SA (Standalone) EPC EPC NG CORE S1 S1 NG-C NG-U LTE 5G NR LTE 5G NR Control plane User plane Control plane User plane Focus on embb LTE as anchor, reuse current EPC, 5G NR quick introduction Less requirement for 5G NR coverage embb/urllc/mmtc and network slicing New Core required High requirement for 5G NR coverage 13

14 Architecture CU-DU Split Architecture Defined by 3GPP Core 3GPP TSG-WG3 Meeting #95-bis Spokane, USA, 3-7 Apr CU DU RRC PDCP RLC-H RLC-L MAC-H MAC-L PHY-H PHY-L RF Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Option 5 Option 6 Option 7 Option 8 RAN3 has decided to select Option 2 (based on centralised PDCP/RRC and distributed RLC/MAC/PHY) for normative work in Release

Filtered OFDM f Service Oriented Radio and Cloud-Native Architecture Flexible

Air Interface 2 Self-contained AI Air Interface 4 Flexible BW Air Interface 5

DC MCE/V2X Server Regional DC Regional DC Business Application Business Model

Plane E2E Slice Management Slice Template Slice Topology Design Air Interface 3

Transport-UP SOC-UP User Plane Physical Infrastructure RAN Transport Core Slice

Oriented Radio (SOR) 5G Air Interface t Cloud-Native Architecture for E2E

15 Filtered OFDM f Service Oriented Radio and Cloud-Native Architecture Flexible Frame Structure RAN Adaptation Architecture Air Interface 1 Self-contained AI Air Interface 2 Self-contained AI Air Interface 4 Flexible BW Air Interface 5 Low UE Capability Virtual CA CO CO Cache MCE/V2X Server MCE Local DC MCE Local DC MCE/V2X Server Regional DC Regional DC Business Application Business Model Design SLA Definition Network Functions RAN-CP SDN-Controller SOC-CP Control Plane E2E Slice Management Slice Template Slice Topology Design Air Interface 3 Self-contained AI Low UE Capability CO Local DC IoT Server Regional DC RAN-UP Transport-UP SOC-UP User Plane Physical Infrastructure RAN Transport Core Slice Function Define SLA Decomposition Self-contained SF(DL & UL) CP UP NFVI Service Oriented Radio (SOR) 5G Air Interface t Cloud-Native Architecture for E2E slicing 5G Architecture 5G-Beyond with service awareness and sharing? e.g. Video RAN Slice w/ cross layer? 15

Layered Slicing/Sharing and Layered Intelligence Architecture Digital

Orchestration SDN NFV Platform Sharing Expected Value Of Slicing

Core Sharing NR RLC NR RLC NR RLC NR MAC NR PHY NR MAC NR PHY NR MAC

16 Layered Slicing/Sharing and Layered Intelligence Architecture Digital Value Platforms (CSP, ICP, vertical Apps) Network OS Management & Orchestration SDN NFV Platform Sharing Expected Value Of Slicing Complexity Of Slicing - - Access Converged Core NG NR RRC NR PDCP gnb Core Sharing NR RLC NR RLC NR RLC NR MAC NR PHY NR MAC NR PHY NR MAC NR PHY CU Sharing WiFi Fixed DU DU CPRI RRU AAU BBU Sharing 16 Spectrum Sharing + +

17 Rethink Spectrum Efficiency with QoS constraints Model 1 Full buffer(se) Traffic Model Data amount Traffic Model Data amount Model 2 Burst(UPT) Cell Tput Average UPT % 10% 20% 40% 80% % 10% 20% 40% 80% User experience decreases as cell spectrum efficiency increases Model 2 Burst(UPT) % UPT 0 5% 10% 20% 40% 80% Capacity Evaluation SE/throughput App PDCP /RLC MAC Time TCP/IP Evaluation UPT Time App TCP/IP PDCP/ RLC MAC Data amount Traffic Model Model 3 Video Session App TCP/IP PDCP/RLC MAC PHY PHY Time PHY From Spectrum Efficiency to User Perceived Throughput User experience need be prioritized Resource Utilization less than 20% for LTE networks 17 From UPT to Service Capacity Service capacity conditioned on user experience is ensured UPT of 95% user no less than X Reasonable network utilization ratio is hinted

18 Gain 1.8GHz FDD Massive MIMO 1 : Full Buffer Cell Average SE The next 32T4R 7.0 R15 32T4R 2T2R Observations Most gain from MIMO! +34% 7=1x(1+57%)x(1+346%), hence SU MIMO gain 57%!!! The gain is sensitive to traffic, UE distribution Is it beneficial to afford 1.8GHz M-MIMO with only 20 MHz BW and 57% robust gain? Capacity 400% 350% 32Tx port, UMa, Full Buffer, UE 3km/h MU over SU 346% 300% 250% 232% 277% 200% 150% 100% 50% 0% 160% 164% 123% 109% 50% 16% 14% 0% 0% 2R,SU,type1 2R,SU,type2 2R,MU,type2 4R,SU,type2 4R,MU,type2 4R,MU, the next Cell Avg Thrpt Cell Edge Thrpt 1 : Simulation 18 conducted with carrier frequency 1800MHz

19 UPT Gain 1.8GHz FDD Massive MIMO 1 : Burst Traffic and New Metric Capacity Cell Average The next 32T4R 20 The next 32T4R (SU MIMO Only) R15 32T4R Observations Most Gain is from SU-MIMO! (11.2 out of 20) Better SINR, more layers and more Resource Utilization allowed Robust to user distribution, traffic type +72% 2T2R 600% 500% 400% 300% 200% 100% 0% 1 32Tx port, UMa, Burst Buffer, medium RU, UE 3Km/h 506% 327% +46% 285% +40% 161% 161% 102% 40% 44% 58% 65% 0% 0% 2R,SU,type2 2R,MU,type2 2R,SU,type2+IM 2R,MU,type2+IM 4R,SU,type1 4R,MU,type1 avg UPT edge UPT 1 : Simulation 19 conducted with carrier frequency 1800MHz

20 UPT Gain 3.5GHz TDD Massive MIMO 1 : still big room to improve Capacity SRS Coverage/SRS Partial Reciprocity/Interference Prediction/ 32Tx, UE 1T2R, UMI, 200m ISD Type II no SRS switch SRS switch SRS+ Type II hybrid 98.8 SRS+type II+Intf. 3GPP NR R15 is here 3GPP NR R15 is here 1 : Simulation 20 conducted with carrier frequency 3500MHz

Traffic (MB per subscriber per month) Capacity Sub3GHz: 4T4R will be the Basic Configuration 5G: 4T4R Basic Conf. 5G: > 4T4R 3G: 1T2R ~2X Gain Comes From 2T2R 4G: 2T2R Avg.

21 Traffic (MB per subscriber per month) Capacity Sub3GHz: 4T4R will be the Basic Configuration 5G: 4T4R Basic Conf. 5G: > 4T4R 3G: 1T2R ~2X Gain Comes From 2T2R 4G: 2T2R Avg. Spectrum Efficiency = Bit/Hz >3X Improvement LTE 4T4R: ~1.7x 5G NR: 2~3x Native Clean Carrier Native MIMO Native Low Latency Avg. Spectrum Efficiency = Bit/Hz

22 Coverage C-band Uplink Coverage Still Needs Improvement C-band & 1.8GHz Indoor Field Trial C-band UL Coverage & Experience Limitation 3.5GHz 1.8GHz BS Antennas 64T64R 2T4R TUE Power 23dBm 23dBm Bandwidth 100MHz 10MHz DL/UL Conf. 3:1 NA UE Antennas 2T4R 1T2R CPE indoor UL THP [Mbps] ~10x Gap 2 1.8GHz & 3.5GHz BS GHz 3.5GHz Indoor test from near window to door Point 22

Coverage UL & DL Decoupling Enables 3.5 & 1.8GHz Co-Site & Co-Coverage UL&DL Decoupling Extends C-band Coverage UL&DL Decoupling Adopted by 3GPP R15 UL@1.8GHz/3.5GHz DL@3.

23 Coverage UL & DL Decoupling Enables 3.5 & 1.8GHz Co-Site & Co-Coverage UL&DL Decoupling Extends C-band Coverage UL&DL Decoupling Adopted by 3GPP R15 *Proposed frequency ranges MHz (UL)/ GHz (DL&UL) MHz (UL)/ GHz (DL&UL) 1.8GHz MHz (UL)/ GHz (DL&UL) MHz (UL)/ GHz (DL&UL) 3.5GHz 64T64R 1.8GHz Coverage MHz (UL)/ GHz (DL&UL) MHz (UL)/ GHz (DL&UL) 3.5GHz Coverage Extended Coverage MHz (UL)/ GHz (DL&UL) 23

Live Demo of UL & DL Decoupling in London 70% + C-band Coverage

<5Mbps as Switch point 100000 90000 80000 22Mbps @ 1.

8GHz 10MHz 4T4R TUE 2T4R O2O NLOS 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000

24 Live Demo of UL & DL Decoupling in London 70% + C-band Coverage Extended 780m UL Throughput 1800MHz UL Coverage Edge Uplink <5Mbps as Switch point G UL 450m C-Band UL Coverage Edge C-band 100MHz 64T64R 1.8GHz 10MHz 4T4R TUE 2T4R O2O NLOS G UL +11dB (+70% Coverage) 24 How to deal with C-band only case?

5G WTTx Coverage Capability Evaluation Coverage Suburban (LOS) DL throughput: 1Gbps UL throughput: ~50Mbps BW: 200MHz@3.

5GHz/28HGz) Outdoor CPE Outdoor CPE With Foliage Indoor CPE With Foliage 6867m/4279m 1429m/604m 366m/73m gnb Urban (NLOS) DL

25 5G WTTx Coverage Capability Evaluation Coverage Suburban (LOS) DL throughput: 1Gbps UL throughput: ~50Mbps BW: 28G&39G Indoor loss: 13dB(3.5G)/18dB(28G) Foliage loss: 17dB (*3.5GHz/28HGz) Outdoor CPE Outdoor CPE With Foliage Indoor CPE With Foliage 6867m/4279m 1429m/604m 366m/73m gnb Urban (NLOS) DL throughput: 1Gbps UL throughput: ~50Mbps BW: 28G&39G Indoor loss: 13dB(3.5G)/18dB(28G) Foliage loss: 17dB (*3.5GGz/28HGz) Outdoor CPE 299m/220m Indoor CPE 133m/74m gnb 25

26 Coverage Beam Based Access Outer loop SIB1-2 on/off and periodicity can be configured SIB1-2 xss PBCH Beam 1 Beam N e.g. Beam 1 Beam 2 Beam N-1 Inner loop (e.g. 5ms) Beam 1 Beam N e.g. Beam 2 Beam N ALL Beams ON Beam Adaptation (on/off and periodicity control) ALL Beams ON Beam Adaptation (on/off and periodicity control) 26

27 DFT DFT Spectrum expansion Spectrum Shaping IFFT IFFT Low PAPR 5G Waveform DL waveform is OFDM QPSK/16QAM/64QAM/256QAM Filtered-OFDM with better spectrum utilization efficiency Coverage Frequency Frequency pi/2 BPSK DFT-s-OFDM supports spectrum shaping without spectrum expansion (Δ=0), standard transparent M(1+Δ) points N points M points MBB Smart Autonomous Broadcast / Metering Vehicles Multicast t UL waveform is OFDM or DFT-S-OFDM QPSK/16QAM/64QAM/256QAM Pi/2 BPSK is also supported for DFT-S-OFDM (for lower PAPR) M M(1+Δ) (for further lower PAPR) M(1+Δ) 27

28 CDF CDF CDF Low PAPR 5G UL Pilot: new Computer Generated Sequences Coverage Seq. Index r k (n) = exp(j k (n)/4) Peak to Average Power Ratio LTE NR PAPR db Cubic Metric E CM db LTE NR Cross-Correlation Coefficient Cross-Correlation LTE NR

29 29 5G Beyond: from embb to Full Digital Society

Status of URLLC/Industrial IoT/C-V2X and Evolution URLLC C-V2X Latency Uu 10x

9999% Connection Density 1000/Km 2 Reliability ~200x NR R16 V2X LTE R15 V2X LTE R14

±500ns Data Rate 1Gbps Mobility No Interruption Positioning Accuracy ~10x Mobility

5ms Vehicle Platooning Sensor Sharing Remote Driving Advanced Driving R15 URLLC:

R16 URLLC: NR-NR DC/Enhanced UL Scheduling/RRC duplication/r15 leftovers R16

30 Status of URLLC/Industrial IoT/C-V2X and Evolution URLLC C-V2X Latency Uu 10x Sidelink>3x Data Rate Uu>4x Sidelink>3x URLLC/Industrial IoT Reliability % Connection Density 1000/Km 2 Reliability ~200x NR R16 V2X LTE R15 V2X LTE R14 V2X Range ~3x Availability/Covera ge 99.99% Jitter Control R15 URLLC R16 Time Sync. ±500ns Data Rate 1Gbps Mobility No Interruption Positioning Accuracy ~10x Mobility 200Km/h Latency 0.5ms Vehicle Platooning Sensor Sharing Remote Driving Advanced Driving R15 URLLC: Basic Functionality, e.g. non-slot based Tx. R16 URLLC: NR-NR DC/Enhanced UL Scheduling/RRC duplication/r15 leftovers R16 Industrial IoT: Integrate 5G connectivity with (Industrial) Ethernet Accurate time reference for (robotical) applications/wireless TSN Maybe merged with R16 URLLC 30 More and more services/use cases/ beautiful KPIs to be supported,.

31 Behind the beautiful KPIs Overhead (RS and control) is now getting bigger Example 10 bytes control information 10 bytes data URLLC 1.E SNR(dB) 1.E-01 Frame structure Very low efficiency when this scales to short duration transmission Information Theory tells us KPIs are related and best tradeoff exists BLER 1.E-02 1.E-03 8dB! 1.E-04 1.E-05 PDCCH+PDSCH,2symbol X 24RB bound The beautiful KPIs are supported very inefficiently. 31

32 URLLC Cloud Based AR/VR with High Requirements on the Network Sensor ~3ms Cloud Based Rendering Wireless Screen Response ~2ms MTP Delay < 20ms Refresh ~8ms Network RTT Processing ~2ms Acceptable Experience Ultra Retina Experience 125Mbps 3.2Gbps RTT Latency < 5ms 32

Key technologies to shape the VR/AR/MR landscape URLLC

/Photonics, (nano fabbed light sources and ultra fast

Evolution of Processing,das Vision chips, Deep Neural

Wireless at FiberOptic Speeds Deep Perception Sensing,

33 Key technologies to shape the VR/AR/MR landscape URLLC New Display From conventional optics to Optoelectronics /Photonics, (nano fabbed light sources and ultra fast MEMs) AI ASR, Conversational NLU, Visual Story Telling, Evolution of Processing,das Vision chips, Deep Neural Networks, neuromorphic computing Ultrafast Networking Wireless at FiberOptic Speeds Deep Perception Sensing, large scale learning and tracking, 3D real time reconstruction, Holographics 33

34 mmtc LPWA to Represent 70% of Cellular IoT Connections Market Segment Connections in 2020 (Billion) Requirements Technology CCTV(Camera) In-vehicle Entertainment 0.2B l >10Mbps 3G/4G IoT Gateway Backhaul Wearable 0.8B l l ~1Mbps Low power consumption 2G/3G/Cat-1 Cat-M1 Sensors, Meters Asset Tracking Smart Parking Smart agriculture 2B l Low Throughput (<100kbps) l Deep Coverage (20dB) l Low power (10 Years) l Low cost (<$5) Short Range Tech. Sigfox, LoRa NB-IoT Smart Retailing Logistics 34LPWA: Low Power Wide Area xb l Wide Coverage (~100m) l Lower power (infinity years) l Low cost (<$1) Backscatter Energy Harvesting

To Map Spectrum with Diversified Services Frequency Backhaul mmwave 5G Super High Capacity Band 39GHz 28GHz 70GHz Peak rate:~10gbps Antenna Element: 128-256- Selfbackhauling WTTx Home Broadband embb

35 To Map Spectrum with Diversified Services Frequency Backhaul mmwave 5G Super High Capacity Band 39GHz 28GHz 70GHz Peak rate:~10gbps Antenna Element: Selfbackhauling WTTx Home Broadband embb AR/VR, UHD URLLC Sub6G 5G Primary Capacity Band 3.5GHz (C-Band) 4.5GHz Peak rate: ~5Gbps 64TRx (M-MIMO for Capacity and Coverage) UL/DL decoupling Self-driving Industry Automation mmtc (IoT) Below 3G 5G Primary Coverage Band 700M/800M/900M 1.8G/2.1G/2.3G/2.6G Peak rate: Mbps Basic Configuration: 4TRx Smart City Smart Home Coverage 35 Many Challenges Remain

36 What type of research is needed? Up to your imagination 36 Spectrum Ready New spectrum:700mhz/ 3.5GHz/ 26/28GHz Antenna Technology (metamaterials) Filter technology (materials) Sites Ready Space ready(site/dc) Alternative deployments Energy ntnr, Massive MIMO Architecture Cloud RAN/Cloud Native NFV/SDN Backhaul Adjacent Domains Electro/Optical/Fotonics Devices/Chipsets Materials AI/DL Software/Cloud/IT Technologies Computing Challenges: To ensure that the potential of 5G does not go unfulfilled a full collaborative ecosystem is needed.

37 37 Thank You

On the roads to 5G: theory and practice

On the roads to 5G: theory and practice Alexander Serbin Kiev, 14 May 2018 MWC Huawei 5G 5G Portfolios 1st 5G CPE 5G Live Network in Korea 2 3GPP accelerates to match commercial progress 2016 2017 2018