CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment
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1 CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 1 CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment HTTP; Code Reading Department of Computer Science Stevens Institute of Technology Jan Schaumann jschauma@stevens.edu
2 HTTP CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 2 Hypertext Transfer Protocol RFC1945 (HTTP/1.0), RFC2616 (HTTP/1.1), RFC7540 (HTTP/2) A simple request/response protocol.
3 The Hypertext Transfer Protocol CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 3 HTTP is a request/response protocol: 1. client sends a request to the server 2. server responds
4 The Hypertext Transfer Protocol CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 4 HTTP is a request/response protocol: 1. client sends a request to the server request method URI protocol version request modifiers client information 2. server responds
5 HTTP: A client request CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 5 $ telnet 80 Trying Connected to Escape character is ^]. GET / HTTP/1.0
6 The Hypertext Transfer Protocol CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 6 HTTP is a request/response protocol: 1. client sends a request to the server request method URI protocol version request modifiers client information 2. server responds status line (including success or error code) server information entity metainformation content
7 HTTP: a server response CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 7 HTTP/ OK Date: Mon, 05 Nov :52:21 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso Server: gws X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN Set-Cookie: 1P_JAR= ; expires=wed, 05-Dec :52:21 GMT; path=/; doma Set-Cookie: NID=144=XovVYlBCcjaIYkyum0C3F_7jB7J8jpvabZR_0-ORyWqhmEflAcNKrVdhS0TO144bP <!doctype html><html itemscope="itemscope" itemtype=" <head><meta content="search the...
8 The Hypertext Transfer Protocol CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 8 Server status codes: 1xx Informational; Request received, continuing process 2xx Success; The action was successfully received, understood, and accepted 3xx Redirection; Further action must be taken in order to complete the request 4xx Client Error; The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fulfilled 5xx Server Error; The server failed to fulfill an apparently valid request
9 CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 9 HTTP: A client request $ telnet 80 Trying Connected to Escape character is ^]. GET / HTTP/1.0 HTTP/ Moved Permanently Date: Mon, 05 Nov :20:31 GMT Server: Apache Location: Content-Length: 235 Connection: close Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"> <html><head>
10 CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 10 HTTP: A client request $ openssl s_client -crlf -servername -connect [...] GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: HTTP/ Found Date: Mon, 06 Nov :02:10 GMT Server: Apache Location: Vary: Accept-Encoding Content-Length: 214 Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
11 CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 11 HTTP: A client request $ openssl s_client -crlf -servername -connect [...] GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: HTTP/ Moved Permanently Date: Mon, 06 Nov :09:21 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Transfer-Encoding: chunked Set-Cookie: cfduid=def9b c6eff22b37f43c ; expires=tue, 06-Nov-18 19:09:21 GMT; path=/; domain=.stevens.edu; HttpOnly Last-Modified: Mon, 06 Nov :27:15 GMT Location: Via: 1.1 varnish-v4 Server: cloudflare-nginx Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=
12 CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 12 HTTP: A client request [...] GET /schaefer-school-engineering-science/departments/computer-science HTTP/1.1 Host: HTTP/ OK Date: Mon, 06 Nov :11:20 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Set-Cookie: cfduid=dfa773452cb45ba58a5b356568cb3715e ; expires=tue, 06-Nov-18 19:11:20 GMT; path=/; domain=.stevens.edu; HttpOnly Last-Modified: Mon, 06 Nov :44:53 GMT Via: 1.1 varnish-v4 X-Generator: Drupal 7 ( X-Varnish: Strict-Transport-Security: max-age= Server: cloudflare-nginx <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js">
13 HTTP: A client request CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 13
14 HTTP - more than just text CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 14 HTTP is a Transfer Protocol serving data, not any specific text format. Accept-Encoding client header can specify different formats such as gzip, Shared Dictionary Compression over HTTP (SDCH) etc. corresponding server headers: Content-Type and Content-Encoding
15 HTTP - more than just static data CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 15 HTTP is a Transfer Protocol what is transferred need not be static; resources may generate different data to return based on many variables. CGI resource is executed, needs to generate appropriate response headers server-side scripting (ASP, PHP, Perl,...) client-side scripting (JavaScript/ECMAScript/JScript,...) applications based on HTTP, using: AJAX RESTful services JSON, XML, YAML to represent state and abstract information
16 Code Reading CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 16 Let s take a look at some sample implementations: mathopd: Null httpd: muhttpd: Walk us through the code: networking setup (socket(2), bind(2),...) request handling header parsing CGI execution
17 HTTP in your final project CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 17 protocol versions supported: 1.0 request methods supported: GET, HEAD request headers supported: If-Modified-Since response headers included: Date, Server, Last-Modified, Content-Type, Content-Length
18 HTTP in your final project CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 18 accept connections, read input from client timeout idle connections parse and validate input generate proper HTTP codes log connection information send headers send response close connection
19 HTTP in your final project CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 19 Client data parsing: method uri protocol <optional headers> method not in GET, HEAD? => 400 protocol!= HTTP/1.0? => 505 uri too long? => 400
20 HTTP in your final project CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 20 URI processing: begins with / something? => userdir handling begins with /cgi-bin/? => cgi handling avoid breaking out of docroot via../../ etc. ends in /? => look for index.html or generate index on the fly
21 HTTP in your final project CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 21 Let s read the RFC and collect test cases...
22 Reading CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 22 HTTP etc.: RFC 1945, 2616, 2818, 3875, REST:
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