OpenSolaris. The book you need to succeed! Nicholas A. Solter, Gerald Jelinek, and David Miner. Explore the OpenSolaris operating environment

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1 Nicholas A. Solter, Gerald Jelinek, and David Miner OpenSolaris Explore the OpenSolaris operating environment Master networking and systems administration Deploy web services using open source applications The book you need to succeed!

3 OpenSolaris Bible Nicholas A. Solter Gerald Jelinek David Miner Wiley Publishing, Inc.

4 OpenSolaris Bible Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN Copyright 2009 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Solter, Nicholas, OpenSolaris bible / Nicholas Solter, Gerald Jelinek, David Miner. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN (paper/website) 1. OpenSolaris (Electronic resource) 2. Operating systems (Computers) 3. Open source software. I. Jelinek, Gerald. II. Miner, David. III. Title. QA76.76.O63S dc No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) , fax (978) Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, (317) , fax (317) , or online at Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. For general information on our other products and services or to obtain technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at (800) , outside the U.S. at (317) or fax (317) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the publisher. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may notbeavailableinelectronicbooks.

5 To my children, Kai and Katja. Nicholas Solter To my wife, Sarah, who had no idea we would be moving when I was in the middle of this book, but who was always encouraging and supportive. Jerry Jelinek I dedicate this book to my wife, Kris. I hope she doesn t regret telling me, while I was considering participating, that I won t regret having written it! Dave Miner

7 About the Authors Nicholas Solter has worked at Sun Microsystems for more than eight years in the areas of high availability and distributed systems. In his work on the Solaris Cluster product, he has implemented clustering support for core Solaris features such as Zones and SMF. He was the technical lead in open sourcing the Solaris Cluster product and is currently leading the effort to run Solaris Cluster on the OpenSolaris distribution. In addition to his work at Sun, Nicholas has experience in the computer game industry at Digital Media International and Electronic Arts. He is also the lead author of Professional C++ (Wrox) and has taught C++ at the college level. Nicholas studied computer science at Stanford University, where he earned bachelor of science (with distinction) and master of science degrees, with a concentration in systems. When not working, he enjoys spending time with his family, playing basketball, reading, and playing in the Colorado snow (having been deprived of winters growing up in Southern California). Gerald Jelinek has been an engineer at Sun Microsystems for a total of almost 20 years, although not contiguously. He currently works on the Zones virtualization subsystem in Open- Solaris. In the past, he has worked on a wide variety of projects, including system installation, JumpStart, printing, a variety of system administration tools, and the Solaris Volume Manager. A little-known fact is that he personally assembled the various project bits and burned the Solaris 2.0 golden CD. In addition to Sun, Gerald has worked at several other companies. Gerald graduated from Washington University in St. Louis with a B.S. in computer science, and from the University of Colorado with an M.S. in computer science. He and his wife, Sarah, spend most of their free time fixing up the 85-year-old house they recently moved into. David Miner has been an engineer at Sun Microsystems for nearly two decades. He is presently the lead for the Caiman installer project and co-lead for the OpenSolaris distribution. During his time at Sun he has worked primarily in the areas of system administration and networking and has been a significant contributor to a variety of projects in both fields, including the Solaris admintool and sysidtool, PC-NFS, the Solaris DHCP server and DHCP Manager management tool, and the Service Management Facility (SMF). Prior to Sun, Dave worked at Prime Computer on TCP/IP networking. David graduated from Michigan State University with a B.S. (with honors) in computer science. In his spare time, Dave is an avid golfer and hoopster. He and his wife, Kris Corwin, are the adoptive parents of a small pack of retired racing greyhounds.

9 Credits Executive Editor Bob Elliott Development Editor Maryann Steinhart Technical Editor Peter Baer Galvin Production Editor Dassi Zeidel Copy Editor Luann Rouff Editorial Manager Mary Beth Wakefield Production Manager Tim Tate Vice President and Executive Group Publisher Richard Swadley Vice President and Executive Publisher Barry Pruett Project Coordinator, Cover Lynsey Stanford Proofreader Josh Chase, Word One Indexer Ted Laux Cover Illustration Joyce Haughey Cover Designer Michael E. Trent

11 Acknowledgments Many people contributed directly and indirectly to this book. We would first like to thank Bob Elliot, executive editor at Wiley, for letting us write this book, and our agent, David Fugate of LaunchBooks Literary Agency, for helping to make the project possible. Our editors, Maryann Steinhart, Dassi Zeidel, and Luann Rouff, excellently guided us through the writing and revision process, while Peter Baer Galvin provided invaluable technical feedback and corrections. Additionally, we would like to thank the following people, who reviewed one or more chapters: Alexandre Chartre, Bonnie Corwin, Thorsten Früauf, Moinak Ghosh, Susan Kamm-Worrell, and John Levon. Thank you, also, to Steve McKinty for providing the content on Open HA Cluster Geographic Edition. Any remaining errors are, of course, our own. A special thanks goes to Sanjay Nadkarni, who provided the camera Dave used in completing the examples in Chapter 5 during a trip to Sun s Broomfield campus. We also want to acknowledge the thousands of engineers over the past 40 years who have contributed to the code that is now OpenSolaris. Additionally, we would like to recognize Sun Microsystems courageous step of open sourcing the Solaris operating system to create OpenSolaris, and the combined wisdom and numerous contributions of the OpenSolaris community. Although we are employees of Sun and members of the OpenSolaris community, the contents of this book are our own, and do not necessarily reflect the views of these entities. Finally, we would like to thank our respective spouses, Sonja Solter, Sarah Jelinek, and Kris Corwin, for bearing with us through this process and tolerating our long nights and weekends spent on this book.

Introduction...xxix Part I Chapter 1: What Is OpenSolaris?...3 Chapter 2: Installing OpenSolaris...19 Chapter 3: OpenSolaris Crash Course...47 Part II Chapter 4: The Desktop.

13 Introduction...xxix Part I Chapter 1: What Is OpenSolaris?...3 Chapter 2: Installing OpenSolaris...19 Chapter 3: OpenSolaris Crash Course...47 Part II Chapter 4: The Desktop Chapter 5: Printers and Peripherals Chapter 6: Software Management Part III Chapter 7: Disks, Local File Systems, and the Volume Manager Chapter 8: ZFS Chapter 9: Networking Chapter 10: Network File Systems and Directory Services Chapter 11: Security Part IV Chapter 12: Fault Management Chapter 13: Service Management Chapter 14: Monitoring and Observability Chapter 15: DTrace Chapter 16: Clustering OpenSolaris for High Availability Part V Chapter 17: Virtualization Overview Chapter 18: Resource Management Chapter 19: Zones Chapter 20: xvm Hypervisor Chapter 21: Logical Domains (LDoms) Chapter 22: VirtualBox xi

14 Contents at a Glance Part VI Chapter 23: Deploying a Web Stack on OpenSolaris Chapter 24: Developing on OpenSolaris Index xii

Introduction............................... xxix Part I Chapter 1: What Is OpenSolaris?...................... 3 Introduction to OpenSolaris...3 OpenSolaris code...3 OpenSolaris distributions.

15 Introduction xxix Part I Chapter 1: What Is OpenSolaris? Introduction to OpenSolaris...3 OpenSolaris code...3 OpenSolaris distributions...4 OpenSolaris community...4 OpenSolaris Features...5 The Open in OpenSolaris...6 Open source software basics...6 Open source licenses...7 OpenSolaris licenses...8 Open development...9 What open source OpenSolaris means to you...9 The History of OpenSolaris...9 Comparing OpenSolaris to Other Operating Systems...11 OpenSolaris and Solaris...11 OpenSolaris and Linux...11 OpenSolaris and BSD...13 Getting Involved in OpenSolaris...13 Running OpenSolaris...13 Participating in discussion lists...14 Finding OpenSolaris user groups...14 Contributing to OpenSolaris...15 OpenSolaris Development Process...15 Resources...16 Summary...17 Chapter 2: Installing OpenSolaris Solaris Express Community Edition...20 Schillix...21 BeleniX...22 NexentaCore...23 MartUX...24 MilaX...25 xiii

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