Evaluation of Data Reliability on Linux File Systems
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1 Evaluation of Data Reliability on Linux File Systems Yoshitake Kobayashi Advanced Software Technology Group Corporate Software Engineering Center TOSHIBA CORPORATION Dec. 18, 29 Copyright 29, Toshiba Corporation.
2 Outline Motivation Evaluation Conclusion 2
3 Motivation We want NO data corruption data consistency GOOD performance We do NOT want frequent data corruption data inconsistency BAD performance Ext3 Ext4 ReiserFS Btrfs Nilfs2 enough evaluation? NO! 3
4 Reliable file system requirement For data consistency journaling SYNC vs. ASYNC - SYNC is better Focus available file systems on Linux data writing data consistency Metrics logged progress = file size estimated file contents = actual file contents 4
5 Evaluation: Overview Target Host Writer processes (N procs) Target files write() system call Logger Log Host Writer process writes to text files sends progress log to logger 5
6 Target Host Writer process writes to text files sends progress log to logger How to crash modified reboot system call - forced to reboot - 1 seconds to reboot 6
7 Target Host Writer process writes to text files sends progress log to logger 1. create: open with O_CREATE How to crash Test cases 2. : open with O_APPEND 3. : open with O_RDWR modified reboot system call 4. : open with O_APPEND and call close() on each write() - forced to reboot - 1 seconds to reboot 7
8 Verification Verify the following metrics file size data contents Estimated file size Target file Checker OK AAAAA BBBBB CCCCC DDDDD EEEEE OK AAAAA BBBBB CCCCC DDDDD EEEEE FFFFF NG AAAAA BBBBB CCCCC DDDDD? NG AAAAA BBBBB CCCCC DDDDD AAAAA LOG file size mismatch data mismatch 8
9 Environment Hardware Host1 - CPU: Celeron 2.2GHz, Mem 1GB - HDD: IDE 8GB (2MB cache) Host2 - CPU: Pentium4 2.8GHz, Mem 2GB - HDD: SATA 5GB (16MB cache) 9
10 Environment Software Kernel version (Host1 only) File system - ext3 (data=ordered or data=journal) - xfs (osyncisosync) - jfs - ext4 (data=ordered used on Host 1, data=journal used on Host2) I/O scheduler - kernel tested with noop scheduler only - kernel tested with all I/O schedulers - noop, cfq, deadline, anticipatory 1
11 Summary: kernel (IDE 8GB, 2MB cache) Mismatch rate [%] Number of samples: 18 Rate = F / (W * T) Total number of mismatch: F Number of writer procs: W (IDE 8GB, 2MB cache) ORDERED EXT3- EXT3- JOURNAL File System EXT3-ORDERED EXT3-JOURNAL SIZE mismatch Count Rate[%] DATA mismatch Count Rate[%] Number of trials: T SIZE mismatch Rate[%] DATA mismatch Rate[%] 11
12 Focused on Test case: kernel (IDE 8GB) File System Test case Size mismatch [%] Data mismatch [%] #samples: 45 ext3(ordered) create.89 ext3(journal) create create create
13 Focused on write size: kernel (IDE 8GB) File System #samples: 6 ext3(ordered) ext3(journal) Test case Size mismatch [%] Data mismatch [%] The bigger write size, the more size mismatch?? 13
14 Summary: kernel (IDE8GB, 2MB cache) Mismatch rate [%] EXT3- ORDERED Number of samples: (IDE8GB, 2MB cache) EXT3- JOURNAL EXT4- ORDERED File System EXT3-ORDERED EXT3-JOURNAL EXT4-ORDERED SIZE mismatch Rate[%] DATA mismatch Rate[%] SIZE mismatch Count Rate[%] DATA mismatch Count Rate[%]
15 Focused on test case: kernel (IDE 8GB) File System #samples: 4 ext3(ordered) ext3(journal) ext4(ordered) Test case create create create create create Size mismatch [%] Data mismatch [%]
16 Focused on I/O sched: kernel (IDE 8GB) File System #samples: 4 ext3(ordered) ext3(journal) ext4(ordered) Test case noop deadline cfq anticipatory noop deadline cfq anticipatory noop deadline cfq anticipatory noop deadline cfq anticipatory noop deadline cfq anticipatory Size mismatch [%] Data mismatch [%]
17 Focused on write size: kernel (IDE 8GB) File System Test case Size mismatch [%] Data mismatch [%] #samples: 32 ext3(ordered) ext3(journal) ext4(ordered)
18 Focused on write size: kernel (IDE 8GB) File System Test case Size mismatch [%] Data mismatch [%] #samples: 32 ext3(ordered) ext3(journal) ext4(ordered) The bigger write size, the more size mismatch? 18
19 Summary: kernel (SATA5GB, 16MB cache) Mismatch rate [%] ORDERED (SATA 5GB, 16MB cache) JOURNAL EXT3- EXT3- EXT4- JOURNAL SIZE mismatch Rate[%] DATA mismatch Rate[%] Number of samples: 16 File System EXT3-ORDERED EXT3-JOURNAL EXT4-JOURNAL SIZE mismatch Count Rate[%] DATA mismatch Count Rate[%]
20 Focused on test case: kernel (SATA 5GB) File System #samples: 4 ext3(ordered) ext3(journal) ext4(journal) Test case create create create create create Size mismatch [%] Data mismatch [%]
21 Focused on I/O sched: kernel (SATA 5GB) File System #samples: 4 ext3(ordered) ext3(journal) ext4(journal) Test case noop deadline cfq anticipatory noop deadline cfq anticipatory noop deadline cfq anticipatory noop deadline cfq anticipatory noop deadline cfq anticipatory Size mismatch [%] Data mismatch [%]
22 Focused on write size: kernel (SATA 5GB) File System Test case Size mismatch [%] Data mismatch [%] #samples: 32 ext3(ordered) ext3(journal) ext4(journal) The bigger write size, the more size mismatch 22
23 Try to evaluate other file systems Evaluation failed nilfs2 - caused file system full - nilfs_cleanerd not fast enough btrfs - caused kernel crash - recovery failure 23
24 Conclusion Evaluation result shows: and data/size mismatch rate depends on kernel version SYNC write mode is not safe enough in most cases BEST result on EXT4 with journal mode - effects of write barriers? GOOD results on (only ) and Ext3-journal - NOTE: Ext3 performance is much better than (random write) Future work evaluate other file systems 24
25 TOSHIBA Confidential 28 / 7 / 24 25
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