Cultural Preservation and Advanced Network Architectures and Applications

Transcription

1 Cultural Preservation and Advanced Network Architectures and Applications

2 An Overview of Software Tools for Indigenous Knowledge Management Presented by Mark Trebian

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4 Collaboration Smithsonian s National Museum of the American Indian DSTC (Distributed Systems Technology Centre, University of Queensland) Indigenous Communities Jane Sledge, NMAI Jane Hunter, DSTC Little Priest Tribal College

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9 Knowledge Traditional, Cultural, Historical Oral Histories, Songs, Stories Dances, Music Ceremonies Art, carvings, weaving Medicine, plants, weeds, food, fauna Land/Places People Sky

10 Goal Software to empower Indigenous communities & strengthen culture and languages through: Knowledge capture Knowledge preservation Knowledge protection

11 Knowledge Spiral

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13 Metadata Repository Prescriptive Metadata (Dictionary) Names/Descriptions of components of data models Descriptive Metadata (Directory) Values of pre-defined data elements that identify or classify an object Contains data elements defined by Dictionary above Data Layer Sets of repositories (digital/non-digital)

14 Metadata Repository Dictionary Layer Prescriptive Metadata Directory Layer Descriptive Metadata Resource Repositories Data Layer Non-XML digital resources XML digital resources

15 Repository Values Represent all resources Dynamic support of creation of new digital resources Interplay between dictionary and directory Easily support multiple views of resources Arbitrary designations created as needed

16 Knowledge Repatriation Culturally and Historically Significant Images, Photographs Manuscripts/Documents Audio Recordings stories, songs, music Videos - historic footage, documentaries, interviews, tribal ceremonies/dances Physical artefacts artwork, carvings, weavings Widely, dispersed: Local knowledge; Museums, Art Galleries, Universities Archives Church, Govt

17 Digital Repatriation Relocate digital versions to local repository Give control back to traditional owners Enable them to define ownership, access and copyright permissions; Support customary laws and protocols Secret/sacred knowledge; Enable traditional owners to tell their own stories; Protect against misappropriation; Proper attribution, compensation to traditional owners

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19 Digital Repatriation Process Museum Archive/ Anthropologist 2 - Digitize/Copy Selected Collections - Catalogue/Index - Provide digital collection + search/indexing software to community 1 - Request for digital repatriation of content CD-ROM Installation + Training XML Encryption Digital Signatures Elders, Leaders 3 - Define Ownership, Rights, Access Controls, Traditional Care, Dissemination Community 4 - Attach spoken/textual annotations some subset?

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22 IKM Software Physical Artifact/Digital Object Metadata Dublin Core + CIDOC CRM Museum/Library/Archive Record/Cataloguer Rights/Access/ Traditional Care Constraints Traditional Owners With Authority Annotations (Spoken/ Textual) Authorized Users

23 System Requirements High security not on the Internet Simple user Interfaces icons, natural language input Robust Low cost/free Interoperable International Standards Portable Java, Tomcat, SMIL Flexible, customizable XML Schema editor Easy to maintain

24 System Architecture Existing Catalogue Data User Input Spoken Annotations Photos Tape Deck VCR Image, Audio, Video Capture Card JPEG, GIF, MP3, MPEG-1 files Java Application Metadata Editor/Generator Annotater SchemaManager UserManager JDOM API Xerces Parser XML Schema JDBC MySQL Database Descriptive + Rights Metadata, Annotations, User Profiles JDBC Tomcat Web Server JSP SMIL Generator Continuous Media Server (Apache) SSL SSL Client Search Interface - password login Images, Video, Audio, Text, SMIL Retrieval and Presentation of user-dependent search results

25 Access Restrictions Depend on the user s: membership of a particular clan or tribe; status within the tribe (uninitiated, initiate, elder); role within the tribe (midwife, hunter, dancer); gender; relationship to people, animals, places or objects depicted in the resource. the death of people recorded in a resource; the context in which the resource will be reused or reproduced.

26 Access Restrictions

27 Annotations

28 Browse Annotations

29 Traditional Care Constraints Directional orientation Segregation from other objects or other tribes materials Cover from view with cloth Ceremonial feeding/dusting with corn pollen Cleansing with smoke Freezing restrictions Seasonal restrictions

30 Traditional Care

31 Application of constraints Collection Group Individual object Part of an object Group of Users Individual User

32 User profile <xsd:element name="person"> <xsd:complextype> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="tribalname" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="tribalunit" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="birthplace" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="birthdate" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="deathdate" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="gender" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="status" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="role" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="mother" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="father" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="spouse" type="xsd:string"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complextype> </xsd:element>

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34 Schema Customization

35 Schema Customization

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38 3D Object Annotation

39 Collaborative Annotation of 3D objects

40 Indigenous Knowledge Capture

41 Navigating the KnowledgeBase Night Sky Digitized Collection Events People Flora &Fauna Water Land/Place Timelines Genealogies, Controlled Vocabs, Lexicons, Maps, Natural Language Manuscripts, Photos, Images, Videos, Audio files, 3D Objects, Stories, Annotations

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44 Collaborations Charles Darwin University 3 year ARC Linkage grant: Databasing Aboriginal Knowledge PARADISEC project NTLIS Knowledge Centres/Keeping Places Julie Waddy Angurugu (Groote Eylandt) State Library of Qld Smithsonian NMAI Tribal Colleges, WINHEC Turtle Mountain, Little Priest

45 Collaborations cont Wananga Maori Universities Te Papa Museum Oodgeroo Nunukal Archives Sacred Treaty Circles Monash University ARC Grant Trust and Technology Project Western Cape Communities Coexistence Agreement Fryer Library

46 Current Work Internet Security Mechanisms: XML Encryption, Digital Signatures Shibboleth Extensions to CreativeCommons/ScienceCommons Open archives vs traditional knowledge Geo-spatial/mapping interfaces - layering knowledge on maps, 3D objects/landscapes Bio-prospecting Land use/mining Cultural Heritage Surveys Linking genealogies Indigenous Ontologies

47 References

48 Contacts Jane Sledge - sledgej@nmaicrc.si.edu Jane Hunter - jane@dstc.edu.au Mark Trebian - mtrebian@fdltcc.edu