Improve Discoverability of Non-Roman Materials

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1 Improve Discoverability of Non-Roman Materials Hosted by ALCTS Association for Library Collections & Technical Services Wednesday, April 18, :00 PM 3:00 PM (Eastern) Magda El-Sherbini Middle East & Islamic Librarian The Ohio State University Library

2 Agenda Background OSU Multilingual Subject Headings Objectives and opportunities Pilot Project Remarks Next steps Image is from

3 Background

4 LCSH and Other Cultures Ron Davies (2003) Models for Multilingual Subject Access in Online Library Catalogues: The ILO Experience (paper presented at the annual conference of the European Library Automation Group, Bern, Switzerland, April 2 4. Elhanan Adler/ 2010 Multilingual and Multiscript Subject Access: The Case of Israel, IFLA Council and General Conference, Jerusalem, Israel (August 13 18, 2000), IV/ifla66/papers/ e.htm (accessed September 22. mapping Korean names and subjects to their English counterparts is very difficult due to different linguistic structures and sociocultural norms. Junli Diao & Haiyun Cao. (2016) Chronology in Cataloging Chinese Archaeological Reports: An Investigation of Cultural Bias in the Library of Congress Classification. CCQ Volume 54, no. 4

5 LCSH and Non-English A times, the terms used in the LCSH are not equivalent in meaning to those in other languages. (Weheba, 2012): Koran -- Seven Successive Readings Koran -- Three Completing Readings Koran -- Ten Readings Koran -- Fourteen Readings Koran -- Irregular Readings Koran -- Forged Readings Koran -- Interpolated Readings

6 naql al-a da Transferring organ

7 Origins of my project The ALCTS Steering Committee to Oversee the Implementation of the Recommendations Contained in the Report of the ACLTS Task Force on Non-English Access es/content/ianda/nonenglish/0510_final_rep ort.pdf

8 Recommendation#11Charge Assign the ALCTS Subject Analysis Committee (SAC) to work with appropriate library organization, to study the needs of library users for multilingual subject access in the appropriate script(s), and to propose steps to address those needs

9 Issues with the Charge Extremely vague. Too broad. A research project that might never be completed. Is outside SAC s scope. SAC doesn t do much research on end users or their needs. Promote research on the non-english subject access.

10 Research Promote research on the non-english subject access. An Assessment of the Need to Provide Non- Roman Subject Access to the Library Online Catalog. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly. Volume 49, Issue 6, 2011.

11 Key Findings of Research End users were not completely dissatisfied with the current library catalog; End users and librarians want a system that is more open to multilingual subject headings; Highlighted areas of opportunity for libraries to make significant improvements to the catalog.

12 Research Grant Bibliotheca Alexandrina

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15 Result User s ability to search materials by subject in three languages and different scripts.

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17 A Few Comments on BA Processing Extensive work has been done to manually map concepts from different knowledge organization systems (LSCH, Rameau, and Arabic Subject headings), which is a tedious and expensive process Mapping depends on the cataloger s understanding of the concepts in these three languages Sometimes the concepts can be used to mean something else in different languages

18 OSU Multilingual Subject Headings Project: Objectives, Limitations and Opportunities

19 Project s Objectives: Users' ability to search the library catalogue by subject terms in their preferred languages, e.g., Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, etc. No need to translate or transliterate. Sharing worldwide. Ability to link to external resources via URI Users' ability to see and link to other subjects in different languages.

20 Facts about the system (Limitations) System (ILS) Workflow (OCLC/OSU/OhioLink) The LC Subject Authority File The structure of LCSH and other international thesauri

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22 Opportunity #1 RDA and Resource Discovery

23 RDA and Internationalization RDA was written with Internationalization in mind

24 Example of Arabic Name 010 n DLC ǂb eng ǂc DLC ǂd OCoLC 1001 Abd El-Nasser, Gamal, ǂd Abd El-Naser, Gamal, ǂd ʻAbd al-na sịr, Jama l, ǂd عبد الناصر جمال ǂdعبد الناصر جمال 1004 עבד אל נאצר, ג מאל Machine-derived non-latin script reference project. 667 Non-Latin script references not evaluated. 670 Modern Egyptian stories, 1989: ǂb t.p. (Dr. Gamal Abd El-Nasser) p. 13, etc. (Gamal Abd El-Naser; b in El-Minya [Upper Egypt])

25 Example for Korean name 010 n DLC ǂb eng ǂe rda ǂc DLC ǂd DLC ǂd OCoLC ǂd InU 046 ǂf Kim, Ik-tu, ǂd 김익두, ǂd 김익두, ǂd Machine-derived non-latin script reference project. 667 Non-Latin script references not evaluated. 670 Nammin, 1985: ǂb colophon (Kim Ik-tu) p. 11 (b. 1955) 670 Pʻansori, ku chigo uĭ sinchʻe cho llyak, 2003: ǂb t.p. (Kim Ik-tu) front flap (b. 1955; grad., Cho nbuktae Taehagwo n Kungmunkwa; prof., Cho nbuktae Kungmunkwa)

26 Examples

27 Opportunity #2 The OCLC FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology)

28 FAST Terms It is a: simple syntax easy to understand, control support faceted retrieval opportunity to link the Non Roman terms to FAST However, there are some differences between FAST and the Non-Roman terms (due to differences in Non-Roman language structure)

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30 Objective #1 Users' ability to search the library catalogue by subject terms in their preferred languages, e.g., Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, etc. No need to translate or transliterate.

31 The Pilot Project Started in February, 2015

32 Adjust and request some MARC fields to be indexed in the online catalog MARC 21 field 6xx with the second indicator 7.

33 Established Basic Guidelines and Training All catalog records must include FAST subject terms as well as LSCH Structure the Non-Roman terms based on FAST structure When the term is taken from a Subject Thesaurus, use $2 to indicate that the source of the subject is specified. If the subject term is equivalent to the FAST term, the cataloguer links them When the term is not in the subject headings list, add locally assigned term in $2 local/osu Use OCLC as usual

34 Non-Roman Subject Heading tools to use Autoridades de la Biblioteca Nacional de España (Madrid: Biblioteca Nacional de España) Sharing 국가서지 : 도서 ( 서지 ), 온라인자료, 기사색인및주제명, 저자명, 그리고도서관정보 Linked Open Data 에대한탐색서비스를만나보세요! Ndlsh : governed by Japan National Diet Library and freely available ( List of Chinese Subject Terms from the National Central Library of Taiwan : ( 國家圖書館鏈結資源 = National Library Link Resources)

35 Examples

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37 Example of the local subject

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42 Searching the OSU Catalog

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47 Objective #2 Sharing worldwide.

48 Searching OCLC by Subject in the Preferred Language

49 Searching the Arabic Subject Headings in OCLC Select Search WorldCat

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52 Searching the Chinese Subject Heading in OCLC

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55 Objective # 3 Ability to link to external resources via URI Using MARC 6xx subfield $0

56 RDA and LRM FRBR-Library Reference Model

57 While entities, and the relationships between them, provide the structure of the model, attributes are what gives flesh to the description of an instance of an entity. The logical repeatability or non-repeatability of attributes is not prescribed by the model. There are basically two ways to represent an attribute in an actual implementation: an attribute can be represented as a mere literal (a string, a number...): this is what OWL regards as datatype properties ; an attribute can be represented as a URI pointing to an external source (a referential or normative document of any kind, such as an authority file, or a list of coded values), in which case it could have been modelled as a relationship rather than a mere attribute, but the model is meant to remain agnostic as to the way it is to be implemented: this is what OWL regards as object properties.

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60 18/04/2018 ALCTS Webinar

61 Objective # 4 (Future!!) Users' ability to see and link to other subjects in different languages.

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71 Remarks Achieved the 4 Objectives A possibility to create a non-roman subject authority center. A possibility of developing resource sharing and cooperation on a global scale. The need to establish procedures for creating standard forms for non-roman subject headings.

72 Next steps Planning to add non-roman Subject Headings for legacy records. Add other languages, such as Slavic, German and French Future: Linking the Non-Roman subject headings to the LCSH or FAST through the authority record

73 Virtual International Subject Authority File

74 VIAF VISAF

75 Records in OCLC Arabic: ; Korean: ; Chines: English: Spanish: Spanish:

76 شكرا جزيال 고맙습니다 ขอขอบค ณ Danke Dziękuję 谢谢 gracias شکریہ תודה Ευχαριστώ çox sağ ol cảm ơn bạn متشکرم teşekkür ederim አመሰግናለሁ Je vous remercie Hvala vam Thank You!

77 Questions?