ACSC 231 Internet Technologies

Transcription

1 ACSC 231 Internet Technologies Lecture 7 Web Typography Efthyvoulos Kyriacou - Assoc. Prof. Frederick University Resources: C. Markides (Frederick University) Slide 1 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

2 Objectives Understand d type design principles i Understand Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) measurement units Use the CSS font properties Use the CSS text spacing properties p Create a font and text properties style sheet Slide 2 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

3 Understanding Type Design Principles i Choose fewer fonts and sizes Choose available fonts Design for legibility Avoid using text as graphics Slide 3 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

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8 Understanding CSS Measurement Units CSS offers a variety of measurement units, almost to the point of offering too many choices For example, to specify font size, you can use any of the measurement units listed in the following table Slide 8 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

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10 Absolute Units Understanding CSS Measurement Units Specify a fixed value P {margin: 1.25in;} Cannot be scaled to client display Should only be used when exact measurements of destination medium are known Slide 10 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

11 Rl Relative Ui Units Understanding CSS Measurement Units Enables scalable Web pages that adapt to different display types and sizes Recommended method for Web page pg design Slide 11 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

12 Understanding CSS Measurement Units Rl Relative measurement values such as em and px are designed to let you build scalable Web pages that adapt to different display types and sizes. The W3C recommends that you always use relative lti values. Slide 12 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

13 Using the CSS Font Properties font-familyf font-size font-style font-variant font-weight font (shorthand property) Slide 13 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

14 Specifying Font Family Allows specification i of generic font family names (e.g., sans-serif) or a specific name (e.g., arial) p {font-family: sans-serif;} p {font-family: arial;} Slide 14 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

15 Specifying Font Size The following rule sets the <p> element to 1.5em Arial: p {font-family: arial; fontsize: 1.5em;} Slide 15 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

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17 Specifying Font Style The font-style property lets you specify italic or oblique text. p {font-style: italic;} i Slide 17 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

18 Specifying Font Variant The font-variant property lets you define small capitals, which are often used for chapter openings, acronyms, and other special purposes. p h1 {font-variant: small-caps;} Slide 18 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

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20 Specifying Font Weight The font-weight ih property lets you set the weight of the typeface. p {font-weight: bold;} Slide 20 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

21 Using the Font Shortcut Property The font shortcut property lets you abbreviate the more verbose individual property listings. The following rules produce the same results. p {font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 24pt; fontfamily: arial;} p {font: bold 18pt/24pt arial;} Slide 21 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

22 CSS Text Spacing Properties text-indent text-align text-decoration line-height vertical-align align letter-spacing word-spacing Slide 22 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

23 Specifying Text Indents Use the text indent id property to set the amount of indentation for the first line of text in an element, such as a paragraph. The following rule sets an indent of 24 points: p {font-family: f text-indent: t t 24pt;} Slide 23 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

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25 Specifying Text Alignment Use the text-align property to set horizontal alignment for the lines of text in an element. p {text-align: justify} Slide 25 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

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27 Specifying Text Decoration Use the text-decoration property to add or remove underlining from text. The following code removes the underlining from hypertext links. a {text-decoration: none} Slide 27 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

28 Specifying Text Decoration Slide 28 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

29 Specifying Line Height CSS allows you to specify either a percentage or absolute value for the line height, which is more commonly called leading. The following rule sets the line height to 2 em: p {line-height: 2 em;} Slide 29 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

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32 Specifying Vertical Alignment The vertical-align li property lets you adjust the vertical alignment of text within the line box. Vertical-align works on inline elements only. Slide 32 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

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35 Specifying Vertical Alignment You can also use vertical alignment to align text with graphics. The following rule, added to the <img> element with the style attribute, sets the vertical alignment to top: <img src="image.gif" style="vertical-align: text-top;"> Slide 35 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

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37 Specifying Letter Spacing To adjust kerning, the printer s term for adjusting the white space between letters, use the letter spacing property. The following rule sets the letter spacing to 4 points. h1 {letter-spacing: 4pt;} Slide 37 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

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39 Specifying Word Spacing The word-spacing property lets you adjust the white space between words in the text. The following code sets the word spacing to 2 em. h1 {word-spacing: 2em;} Slide 39 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

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41 Summary Use type to communicate information structure. Be sparing with your type choices, and use fonts consistently. tl Remember that XHTML text downloads faster than graphics-based text. Use XHTML text whenever possible. Use browser-safe fonts that will display as consistently as possible across operating systems Slide 41 C ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

42 Summary Standardize di your styles by building external style sheets and linking them to multiple documents. Test your work. Different browsers and computing platforms render text in different sizes. Use type effectively by choosing available fonts and sizes. Design for legibility and use text to communicate information about the structure of your material. Slide 42 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

43 Summary Choose the correct measurement unit based on the destination medium. For the computer screen, ems, pixels, or percentage measurements can scale to the user s preferences. Slide 43 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008

44 Summary Use the font properties to control the look of your letter forms. Specify font substitution values to ensure that your text is displayed properly p across different platforms. Use the text spacing properties to create more visually interesting and legible text. Slide 44 ACSC 231: Internet Technologies 23/12/2008