Scripting Opportunities for Systems Administrators. Greg Neagle, Walt Disney Animation Studios
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1 Scripting Opportunities for Systems Administrators Greg Neagle, Walt Disney Animation Studios
2 This is not a presentation on scripting.
3 Why?
4 System configuration
5 #!/bin/sh # add staff to lpadmin group so they can add/remove printers /usr/sbin/dseditgroup -o edit -a staff -t group lpadmin
6 System management
7 #!/bin/sh ################################################################## # Enable SSH ################################################################## SSHLOADED=`/bin/launchctl list grep com.openssh.sshd` if [ "$SSHLOADED" == "" ]; then fi /bin/launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/ssh.plist
8 User settings/preferences
9 #!/bin/sh ################################################### # Make scrolling unnatural ################################################### /usr/bin/defaults write NSGlobalDomain \ com.apple.swipescrolldirection -bool false
10 Fixes/Workarounds
11 #!/bin/sh # Unloads the com.adobe.adobecreativecloud job # so the CC menu bar item does not appear PLIST="/Library/LaunchAgents/com.adobe.AdobeCreativeCloud.plist" CCAPPJOB=`/bin/launchctl list grep com.adobe.adobecreativecloud` if [ "$CCAPPJOB"!= "" ] ; then /bin/launchctl unload -w "$PLIST" fi exit 0
12 Automation/Tools
13 When?
14 On demand
15 When building a machine
16 When installing software
17 #!/bin/sh # Copy command-line tool resources out of.app bundle CMD_TOOL_DIR=/usr/local/bin CMD_MAN_DIR=/usr/local/share/man/man1 HELPER_BIN_SRC_DIR=/Applications/TextWrangler.app/Contents/Helpers HELPER_MAN_SRC_DIR=/Applications/TextWrangler.app/Contents/Resources # create dirs if they don't already exist for DIR in "$CMD_TOOL_DIR" "$CMD_MAN_DIR"; do [ -d "$DIR" ] mkdir -p -m 775 "$DIR" done # make symlinks to binaries and manpages for TOOL in edit twdiff twfind; do /bin/ln -sf "$HELPER_BIN_SRC_DIR/$TOOL" "$CMD_TOOL_DIR/$TOOL" /bin/ln -sf "$HELPER_MAN_SRC_DIR/$TOOL.1" "$CMD_MAN_DIR/$TOOL.1" done
18 On a repeating schedule
19 At startup
20 At user login
21 At user logout
22 Why + when
23 Why: System Configuration When: First boot (or Every boot)
24 Why: System Management When: Every boot/periodically
25 Why: Configure user settings When: Login
26 Who?
27 root
28 current user
29 Why When Who
30 How?
31
32
33 % pkgbuild --nopayload \ --scripts Scripts \ --identifier "se.macsysadmin.bluetoothconfig" \ --version 1.0 \ TurnBluetoothOff.pkg pkgbuild: Wrote package to TurnBluetoothOff.pkg
34
35
36
37
38
39
40 login/logouthooks
41
42 logouthook
43 loginhook logouthook
44 loginhook logouthook
45 sudo defaults write com.apple.loginwindow LoginHook /path/to/script sudo defaults write com.apple.loginwindow LogoutHook /path/to/script
46 launchd
47 LaunchDaemons
48 /Library/LaunchDaemons /System/Library/LaunchDaemons apple
49 Run a script at startup
50 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" " <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>label</key> <string>se.macsysadmin.demolaunchdaemon</string> <key>programarguments</key> <array> <string>/library/management/configuration.sh</string> </array> <key>runatload</key> <true/> </dict> </plist> /Library/LaunchDaemons/se.macsysadmin.demolaunchdaemon.plist
51 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" " <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>label</key> <string>se.macsysadmin.demostartupitem</string> <key>programarguments</key> <array> <string>/library/management/configuration.sh</string> </array> <key>runatload</key> <true/> </dict> </plist>
52 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" " <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>label</key> <string>se.macsysadmin.demostartupitem</string> <key>programarguments</key> <array> <string>/library/management/configuration.sh</string> </array> <key>runatload</key> <true/> </dict> </plist>
53 Repeating scripts
54 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" " <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>label</key> <string>se.macsysadmin.mean_nightly_shutdown</string> <key>programarguments</key> <array> <string>/sbin/shutdown</string> <string>-h</string> <string>now</string> </array> <key>startcalendarinterval</key> <dict> <key>hour</key> <integer>22</integer> <key>minute</key> /sbin/shutdown -h now <integer>5</integer> </dict> </dict> </plist>
55 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" " <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>label</key> <string>se.macsysadmin.mean_nightly_shutdown</string> <key>programarguments</key> <array> <string>/sbin/shutdown</string> <string>-h</string> <string>now</string> </array> <key>startcalendarinterval</key> <dict> <key>hour</key> <integer>22</integer> <key>minute</key> <integer>5</integer> </dict> </dict> </plist>
56
57
58 Allow a non-admin to run a script as root
59 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" " PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>label</key> <string>com.googlecode.munki.managedsoftwareupdate-manualcheck</string> <key>programarguments</key> <array> <string>/usr/local/munki/managedsoftwareupdate</string> <string>--manualcheck</string> </array> <key>keepalive</key> <dict> <key>pathstate</key> <dict> <key>/private/tmp/.com.googlecode.munki.updatecheck.launchd</key> <true/> </dict> </dict> <key>ondemand</key> <true/> </dict> </plist>
60 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" " PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>label</key> <string>com.googlecode.munki.managedsoftwareupdate-manualcheck</string> <key>programarguments</key> <array> <string>/usr/local/munki/managedsoftwareupdate</string> <string>--manualcheck</string> </array> <key>keepalive</key> <dict> <key>pathstate</key> <dict> <key>/private/tmp/.com.googlecode.munki.updatecheck.launchd</key> <true/> </dict> </dict> <key>ondemand</key> <true/> </dict> </plist>
61 Demo
62 LaunchAgents
63 /Library/LaunchAgents /System/Library/LaunchAgents ~/Library/LaunchAgents apple
64 Run a script at user login
65 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" " PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>label</key> <string>se.macsysadmin.demolaunchagent</string> <key>limitloadtosessiontype</key> <string>aqua</string> <key>programarguments</key> <array> <string>/usr/bin/open</string> <string>-a</string> <string>/library/management/pretendco Setup Assistant.app</string> </array> <key>runatload</key> <true/> </dict> </plist> /Library/LaunchAgents/se.macsysadmin.demolaunchagent.plist
66 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" " PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>label</key> <string>se.macsysadmin.demolaunchagent</string> <key>limitloadtosessiontype</key> <string>aqua</string> <key>programarguments</key> <array> <string>/usr/bin/open</string> <string>-a</string> <string>/library/management/pretendco Setup Assistant.app</string> </array> <key>runatload</key> <true/> </dict> </plist>
67 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" " PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>label</key> <string>se.macsysadmin.demolaunchagent</string> <key>limitloadtosessiontype</key> <string>aqua</string> <key>programarguments</key> <array> <string>/usr/bin/open</string> /usr/bin/open <string>-a</string> /Library/Management/PretendCo\ Setup\ Assistant.app <string>/library/management/pretendco Setup Assistant.app</string> </array> <key>runatload</key> <true/> </dict> </plist>
68 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" " PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>label</key> <string>se.macsysadmin.demolaunchagent</string> <key>limitloadtosessiontype</key> <string>aqua</string> <key>programarguments</key> <array> <string>/usr/bin/open</string> <string>-a</string> <string>/library/management/pretendco Setup Assistant.app</string> </array> <key>runatload</key> <true/> </dict> </plist>
69 Run a script at loginwindow
70 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" " PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>label</key> <string>com.googlecode.munki.managedsoftwareupdate-loginwindow</string> <key>limitloadtosessiontype</key> <array> <string>loginwindow</string> </array> <key>programarguments</key> <array> <string>/usr/local/munki/managedsoftwareupdate</string> <string>--logoutinstall</string> </array> <key>runatload</key> <false/> <key>keepalive</key> <dict> <key>pathstate</key> <dict> <key>/private/tmp/com.googlecode.munki.installatlogout</key> <true/> </dict>
71 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" " PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>label</key> <string>com.googlecode.munki.managedsoftwareupdate-loginwindow</string> <key>limitloadtosessiontype</key> <array> <string>loginwindow</string> </array> <key>programarguments</key> <array> <string>/usr/local/munki/managedsoftwareupdate</string> <string>--logoutinstall</string> </array> <key>runatload</key> <false/> <key>keepalive</key> <dict> <key>pathstate</key> <dict> <key>/private/tmp/com.googlecode.munki.installatlogout</key> <true/> </dict>
72 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" " PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>label</key> <string>com.googlecode.munki.managedsoftwareupdate-loginwindow</string> <key>limitloadtosessiontype</key> <array> <string>loginwindow</string> </array> <key>programarguments</key> <array> <string>/usr/local/munki/managedsoftwareupdate</string> <string>--logoutinstall</string> </array> <key>runatload</key> <false/> <key>keepalive</key> <dict> <key>pathstate</key> <dict> <key>/private/tmp/com.googlecode.munki.installatlogout</key> <true/> </dict>
73 touch /private/tmp/com.googlecode.munki.installatlogout
74
75 Common launchd tasks (for admins)
76 Run a script at startup Run a script at user login
77
78 Outset
79
80
81 /usr/local/outset
82
83 $ ls -al /usr/local/outset/everyboot-scripts/ total 32 drwxr-xr-x 6 root wheel 204 Aug 3 13:48. drwxr-xr-x 9 root wheel 306 Aug 14 11:24.. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 134 May 20 16: globalUserUmask.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 314 May 20 16: SSH.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 1595 May 18 12: addTrustedCerts.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 183 May 21 09: printingConfig.sh
84 more
85 running at login
86
87 loginhooks: deprecated; there is only one; runs as root LaunchAgents: runs as user; runs _after_ login is complete loginwindow authorization plugin: runs during login process as root
88
89 LoginScriptPlugin
90
91
92 /Library/Application Support/LoginScriptPlugin
93 Script name Who When premount-root-* root Before user s home is mounted premount-user-* user Before user s home is mounted postmount-root-* root After user s home is mounted postmount-user-* user After user s home is mounted
94 Script parameter Represents Example $1 UID 501 $2 GID 20 $3 home_dir /Users/ladmin
95 crankd
96
97
98 Application launch/exit/activate/deactivate Volume mount/unmount Wake/sleep/will power off Power adapter connected/disconnected Console user status Filesystem events Network status change more
99
100
101
102
103 Example
104 def OnApplicationLaunch(self, *unused_args, **kwargs): """Entry point for app launches.""" (bundle_id, version, path) = self.getappinfo(kwargs['user_info']) logging.error( 'Application Launched: bundle_id: %s version: %s path: %s', bundle_id, version, path) if bundle_id.startswith('com.apple.installassistant'): pid = kwargs['user_info']['nsapplicationprocessidentifier'] os.kill(pid, signal.sigterm) subprocess.call( ['/usr/bin/osascript', '-e', 'tell application "System Events" to display dialog "Nope!" ' 'with icon caution buttons {"Darn"}'])
105 def OnApplicationLaunch(self, *unused_args, **kwargs): """Entry point for app launches.""" (bundle_id, version, path) = self.getappinfo(kwargs['user_info']) logging.error( 'Application Launched: bundle_id: %s version: %s path: %s', bundle_id, version, path) if bundle_id.startswith('com.apple.installassistant'): pid = kwargs['user_info']['nsapplicationprocessidentifier'] os.kill(pid, signal.sigterm) subprocess.call( ['/usr/bin/osascript', '-e', 'tell application "System Events" to display dialog "Nope!" ' 'with icon caution buttons {"Darn"}'])
106 def OnApplicationLaunch(self, *unused_args, **kwargs): """Entry point for app launches.""" (bundle_id, version, path) = self.getappinfo(kwargs['user_info']) logging.error( 'Application Launched: bundle_id: %s version: %s path: %s', bundle_id, version, path) if bundle_id.startswith('com.apple.installassistant'): pid = kwargs['user_info']['nsapplicationprocessidentifier'] os.kill(pid, signal.sigterm) subprocess.call( ['/usr/bin/osascript', '-e', 'tell application "System Events" to display dialog "Nope!" ' 'with icon caution buttons {"Darn"}'])
107 Demo
108 Some opportunities: Packages login/logouthooks launchd LoginWindow authorization plugins Outset crankd more (cron, periodic )
109
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