XML Programming. Nguyen Duc Thinh Nestor O. Guerrero Rojas Espoo, Finland.

Transcription

1 XML Programming. Nguyen Duc Thinh Nestor O. Guerrero Rojas Espoo, Finland.

2 SUMMARY. Basics XML (History, XHTML, XML Schema, DTD, CSS, XSLT, ECMA Script) DOM, SAX SMIL XForms SVG X3D VoiceXML

3 Basics XML. EXtensible Markup Language Is markup languagure like HTML Is a complement to HTML, not to replace HTML HTML was meant for displaying the data XML was designed for describing the data Designer can freely create new tags

4 Properties XML documents. Rules: Opening and closing tag must be balanced Tags are case sensitive Elements must be properly nested Document must have a root element Attribute values must be quoted "Well Formed" XML document conforms to the rules "Valid" XML document conforms to some validation definition, for example, DTD or Schema

5 DTD (Document Type Definition) It defines the document structure with a list of legal elements Can be included into a XML document using the following syntax: <!DOCTYPE root-element SYSTEM "filename.dtd"> Example: <!ELEMENT root (foo,bar)> <!ELEMENT foo (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT bar (#PCDATA)>

6 XML Schema Alternative to DTD Written in XML, supports datatypes and namespaces Define the legal building blocks of an XML document including: elements, attributes, child elements, order of elements, number of elemens, default and fixed values Will be a replacement for DTD Example of referencing a Schema in an XML Document <note xmlns=" xmlns:xsi=" LSchema-instance" xsi:schemalocation=" hools.com note.xsd">

7 ECMAScript Web scripting language Invented by Brendan Eich at Netscape Standardized by Ecma International ECMA-262 specification (3rd edition, December 1999) Binded with DOM for manipulating the document ECMA-357 specification: ECMAScript for XM (E4X, June 2004) Defines the syntax and semantics of ECMAScript for XML A set of programming language extensions adding native XML support Simpler syntax for accessing XML documents than via DOM Examples of ECMAScript dialects: JavaScript/Netscape JScript/Microsoft Actionscript/Macromedia Flash

8 DOM (Document Object Model) API to access XML document Defines the logical structure of documents and the way a document is accessed and manipulated build (add/modify/delete) + navigate Tree form from well-structured document Entire content of a document be parsed and stored in memory Current DOM spec is Level 2 Some of the Level 3 specifications are now W3C Recommendations

9 SAX (Simple API for XML) Serial (sequential) access parser API for XML unidirectional, cannot re-read without reparsing originally a Java-only API Provides a mechanism for reading data from an XML document Event-driven model via callback method (invoked by the parser) The current version is SAX There are versions for several programming language environments other than Java

10 SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language) XML 1.0 documents Simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations Integrate streaming audio and video with images, text or any other media type No need of using scripting languages such as Javascript SMIL Version 1.0 (1998) SMIL 2.0 Recommendation (2001) SMIL 1.0 and 2.0 very much differ SMIL 1.0 players may not work with SMIL 2.0 Examples: SMIL 1.0: <smil>...smil 1.0 markup.. </smil> SMIL 2.0: <smil xmlns=" 2.0 markup... </smil>

11 What SMIL can do? Streaming video clips, even if from different servers Lay out a presentation Presentation timeline Playing the media in sequence or in parallel Synchronization between different media types Interactivity and linking to other Web pages

12 XForms. Definition. XForms is an XML format for the specification of user interfaces, specifically web forms. 1 Capabilities: Separate control(model), content(body) and presentation(css). Bind data to an xml file, validate against XML schema data tupes. Imput variable length arrays of data, output entries and quantities derived from entries, prefill using an xml file. Respond to actions in real time. Modify the style of each control depending on the device they are displayed on (browser versus mobile versus text only ) Interact with other XML languages: XPath SVG, VoiceXML. The actual Xforms standard is Xforms 1.0 (Second edition).

13 XForms.Structure. Structurally, a form can be throught of as having two parts: a specification of what it should do, and a specification of how it should look. In XForms these two parts are called, respectively: XForms Model. (model, instance, submission) XForms User Interface(form controls) Xforms can interact with different XML languages: XLM Schema(validation), Xpath(structure data) Example.

14 XForms. Tools. Editors: formsplayer(toolkit) XForms validator online. Chiba DataMovil(movil devices) Orbeon Browsers: IE6 plugin Mozilla Novell XForm Explorer X-Smiles(movil & desktop) Oracle Engine (movil devices)

15 XForms. Basic controls <xforms:input> A single-line text entry field. <xforms:secret> A single-line text entry field which masks user input, good for passwords. <xforms:select> A list field allowing multiple selection. <xforms:select1> A list field allowing selection of only a single item from the list. <xforms:textarea> A multi-line text entry field <xforms:upload> A file upload field. <xforms:range> A field which restricts entry to a range of values. <xforms:submit> A form submission field. <xforms:output> A field for displaying values from the instance data

16 SVG. Basics. Scalable. Increase or decrease uniformly. Technology that can grow to a large number of files, users or diversity of applications. Vector. Contain geometric objects such a lines and curves, and can be rasterized in client and server side. Graphics. Content that involves images in vector or vector/raster. Capacity to intereact with different XML namespaces, and use it in web pages(stand-alone, embedding by reference, embedding inline, external link, referenced from a CSS2 or XSL property).

17 Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 Specification Document structure: svg, g, defs, desc, metada, use, title, switch(conditional procesiong), image(image module). Basic shapes: rectangles, circles, ellipses, lines, polylines, polygons. Painting. path, text and basic shapes can be filled(interior of the object) and strocked(along the outline of the object).. Text. text and tspan. Layout of the text: direction, color, decoration. Linking. a and view elements permit links to any Web Source(video, sounf, SVG file, web page ) Animation. Based on SMIL, add: animatetransform, path, mpath, keypoints and rotate.

18 Tools & Examples. SVG Viewers. X Smiles XML browser SVG in Mozilla project Adobe SVG Viewer Mobile SVG Viewers. Bitflash SdVG viewer KDD Labs JaMaPS Pocket SVG Viewer Native SVG Editors W3C Amaya JASC WebDraw Editors that Export SVG Adobe Illustrator 10.0 ILOG JViews Component Suite

19 X3D X3D is an Open Standards XML-enabled 3D file format to enable real-time communication of 3D data across all applications and network applications. An improvement of the VRLM97. 3D graphics. Polygonal geometry, parametric geometry, hierarchical transformations, lighting, materials, multi-pass/multi-stage texture mapping, pixel and vertex shaders, hardware acceleration 2D graphics. Spatialized text; 2D vector graphics; 2D/3D compositing. CAD data. Translation of CAD data to an open format for publishing and interactive media. Animation. Timers and interpolators to drive continous animations; humanoid animation and morphing

20 X3D. The basic unit of the X3D run-time environment is the scene graph. This structure contains all the objects in the system and their relationships. Node. Fundamental component of a scene graph. Sensor node. node that enables the user to interact with the collection of one or more X3D files and other multimedia content in the scene graph hierarchy Script nodes. set of procedural functions normally executed as part of an event cascade. Route Graph. connection between a node generating an event and a node receiving the event Execution engine. Usually a browser that interprets the scenes. Kind of components: core, time, networking, grouping, rendering, shape, geometry3d&2d, text, key device sensor, humanoid animation, geospatial.

21 X3D. Conceptual execution model.

22 Tools & Examples. X3D Content Authoring & Editing Tools X3D-Edit. Graphics file editor for X3D that enables simple error-free editing. WireFusion. asily create interactive Web3D presentations from X3D and VRML models. Browsers & Viewers. Octaga. High-performance, standardscompliant viewer that supports the whole profile of VRML and X3D. It gives users a multitude of visual effects such as multitexturing, pixel shader Xj3D. Toolkit for VRML97 and X3D content written completely in Java. Example: The Taylor Tour. An X3D world modeled after Taylor Hall at The College of Wooster.

23 VoiceXML. Concepts. VoiceXML is designed for creating audio dialogs that feature synthesized speech, digitized audio, recognition of spoken and DTMF key input, recording of spoken input, telephony, and mixed initiative conversations. Dialogs and subdialogs. Two kinds: forms, Forms present information and gather input; menus, choices that are present to the user. Sessions. Begins with the intereaction of the user with a VoiceXML interpreter context and finish with the request of the user, a document or the interpreter context. Applications. Set of documents, sharing the same application root document, to share grammar, variables. Grammar. Specifies a set of utterances that a user may speak to perform an action or supply information and the system returns a corresponding semantic operation.

24 VoiceXML Architecture.

25 VoiceXML. Tags <assign>assign a variable a value <audio>play an audio clip within a prompt <block>a container of (non-interactive) executable code <catch>catch an event <choice>define a menu item <clear>clear one or more form item variables <disconnect>disconnect a session <else>used in <if> elements <elseif>used in <if> elements <enumerate>shorthand for enumerating the choices in a menu <error>catch an error event <exit>exit a session <field>declares an input field in a form

26 Tools & Applications VoiceGenie Developer WorkshopThe VoiceGenie Developer Workshop is a group of tools, documentation, and other resources that allows you to design, develop and test your own voice-enabled, interactive phone application for free. Free on-line registraion requiried. Nuance V-BuilderNuance V-Builder 2.0 NVP Edition is an integrated application development environment that simplifies the creation, testing and deployment of VoiceXML-based speech solutions running on the Nuance Voice Platform. Envox. Call centers for Banking that attend the next functions: account balance and transaction history, bill payments, fund transfers, stop payment, PIN reset, and others. Ontira's latest speech-enabled Transit Response Systems powered by VoiceGenie at Austin's Capital Region Transit Authority.

27 References. XML DTD (Document Type Definition) XML Schema ECMAScript DOM (Document Object Model) SAX (Simple API for XML) SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language) rodguide/htmfiles/smilintr.htm

28 References. Xforms. SVG. X3D X3DAbstractSpecification/ VoiceXML