Mobile Software Development for Android - I397
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1 1 Mobile Software Development for Android - I397 IT COLLEGE, ANDRES KÄVER, AKAVER@ITCOLLEGE.EE WEB: SKYPE: AKAVER
2 Layout fundamentals 2 Basic layout Linear Relative Frame Table Basic attributes Size Margin vs padding Gravity
3 Layout 3 Defines declaritively visual structure for app Takes into consideration screen properties size pixel density System calculates sizes and position for all UI elements
4 Layout 4
5 Layout - LinearLayout 5 Arranges its children in single direction Orientation= horizontal Orientation= vertical <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android=" android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> ui elements </LinearLayout>
6 Layout - RelativeLayout 6 Elements are arranged relative to Parent UI element Sibling UI element <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android=" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <EditText android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="200px" android:inputtype="textmultiline" android:ems="10" android:id="@+id/edittext2" android:layout_alignparenttop="true" android:layout_alignparentstart="true" android:layout_alignparentend="true" /> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="new Button" android:id="@+id/button4" android:layout_below="@+id/edittext2" android:layout_alignparentend="true" /> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="new Button" android:id="@+id/button5" android:layout_alignbottom="@+id/button4" android:layout_tostartof="@+id/button4" /> </RelativeLayout>
7 Layout - FrameLayout 7 Allows to put child views on top of each other Specify order Layout gravity for positioning
8 Layout - TableLayout 8 Rows and Columns Like Linear vertical nesting Linear horizontal Columns are aligned (by the widest in all the rows)
9 Basic attributes 9 Used across all layouts Size Margin vs padding Gravity
10 Size 10 Match_parent Wrap_content Use background tint for visual cues android:background="#ff0000" Xxxdp Density-independent pixel px = dp * density density = bucket(dpi/160) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android=" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="new Text" android:id="@+id/textview2" /> </LinearLayout>
11 Size - dp 11
12 Margin vs padding 12
13 Margin vs padding 13 No margin android:padding android:layout_margin layout_xxx prefix deals with data from outside the view padding inside the view
14 Gravity 14 Android:layout_gravity Position of the view, regarding its parent Android:gravity Position of the content inside the view
15 Gravity 15 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android=" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> android:layout_width="160dp" android:layout_height="160dp" android:gravity="center_horizontal" android:background="#ff0000" android:text="new Text" /> </LinearLayout> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android=" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> android:layout_width="160dp" android:layout_height="160dp" android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal" android:background="#ff0000" android:text="new Text" /> </LinearLayout>
16 Gravity 16 Can be mixed and combined <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android=" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> android:layout_width="160dp" android:layout_height="160dp" android:gravity="center_horizontal bottom" android:layout_gravity="right" android:background="#ff0000" android:text="new Text" /> </LinearLayout>
17 LinearLayout 17 What is LinearLayout? Gravity Weight Nested layout
18 LinearLayout 18
19 LinearLayout - Gravity 19
20 LinearLayout - Gravity 20
21 LinearLayout - Weight 21 Additional way to specify dimensions (match_parent, wrap_content, xxxdp) Adds weights together Width is based on ratios (1+1=2 => ½ and ½) Can be mixed every way
22 LinearLayout - weightsum 22 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android=" android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:gravity="center_horizontal" android:weightsum="4"> android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_weight="1" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:background="#ff0000" android:text="left side" android:id="@+id/textview2" /> android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_weight="1" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:background="#00ff00" android:text="right side" android:id="@+id/textview3" /> </LinearLayout
23 LinearLayout - nested 23 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android=" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <EditText android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/edittext3" /> <LinearLayout android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:gravity="right"> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="cancel" android:id="@+id/button6"/> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="ok" android:id="@+id/button7" /> </LinearLayout> </LinearLayout>
24 RelativeLayout 24 What it is? Relative Positioning Relative Alignement Missing Views
25 RelativeLayout 25
26 RelativeLayout 26 Relative Position Alignment To Parent Sibling
27 RelativeLayout - attributes 27
28 RelativeLayout 28 Uses default parameters Top Left <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android=" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <EditText android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:inputtype="textmultiline" /> </RelativeLayout>
29 RelativeLayout 29 No positions given Views are on top of each other <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android=" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <EditText android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:inputtype="textmultiline" /> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="new Button" /> </RelativeLayout>
30 RelativeLayout 30 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android=" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <EditText android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:inputtype="textmultiline" /> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignparentright="true" android:text="ok" /> </RelativeLayout>
31 RelativeLayout 31 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android=" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <EditText android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:inputtype="textmultiline" /> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignparentright="true" android:text="ok" /> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="cancel" /> </RelativeLayout>
32 RelativeLayout 32 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android=" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <EditText android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:inputtype="textmultiline" /> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignparentright="true" android:text="ok" /> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="cancel" /> </RelativeLayout>
33 RelativeLayout 33 Relative to sibling Relative to sibling Layout_above Layout_alignTop Layout_below Layout_alignBottom Layout_toLeftOf Layout_alignLeft Layout_toRightOf Layout_alignRight Layout_alignBaseline
34 RelativeLayout 34 Relative to parent Layout_alignParentTop Layout_alignParentBottom Layout_alignParentLeft Layout_alignParentRight Layout_centerHorizontal Layout_centerVertical Layout_centerInParent
35 RelativeLayout Missing views 35 Visibility= invisible View is still there, just invisible Placement of element is not changed Visibility= gone UI layout changes, view is really not there Defaults apply (top left) When changing visibility programmatically Layout_alignWithParentIfMissing= true
36 FrameLayout 36 Allows to put views on top of each other Position child wiews with layout_gravity Layout_margin Usually used for placing images on top of other images Think of PictureFrame You can save one view by using on FrameLayout definition Control scaling of foreground (default is fill) Android:foregroundGravity= top left
37 TableLayout 37 What is TableLayout Spanning and skipping Shrinking, stretching and collapsing
38 TableLayout 38 Specialized linear layout Rows Columns TableRow is always Layout_width= match_parent Layout_height= wrap_content
39 TableLayout 39 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <TableLayout xmlns:android=" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <TableRow> android:background="#ff0000" android:text="first" /> android:background="#00ff00" android:text="second long" /> android:background="#0000ff" android:text="third0" /> </TableRow> <TableRow> android:background="#ff0000" android:text="first long" /> android:background="#00ff00" android:text="second" /> android:background="#0000ff" android:text="third" /> </TableRow> </TableLayout>
40 TableLayout skipping 40 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <TableLayout xmlns:android=" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <TableRow> android:background="#ffff00" android:text="very long title" android:layout_column="1"/> </TableRow> <TableRow> android:background="#ff0000" android:text="first" /> android:background="#00ff00" android:text="second long" /> android:background="#0000ff" android:text="third0" /> </TableRow> <TableRow> android:background="#ff0000" android:text="first long" /> android:background="#00ff00" android:text="second" /> android:background="#0000ff" android:text="third" /> </TableRow> </TableLayout>
41 TableLayout spanning 41 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <TableLayout xmlns:android=" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <TableRow> android:background="#ffff00" android:text="very long title" android:layout_column="1" android:layout_span="2"/> </TableRow> <TableRow> android:background="#ff0000" android:text="first" /> android:background="#00ff00" android:text="second long" /> android:background="#0000ff" android:text="third0" /> </TableRow> <TableRow> android:background="#ff0000" android:text="first long" /> android:background="#00ff00" android:text="second" /> android:background="#0000ff" android:text="third" /> </TableRow> </TableLayout>
42 TableLayout shrinking, stretching, collapsing 42
43 TableLayout shrinking 43 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <TableLayout xmlns:android=" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:shrinkcolumns="1"> <TableRow> android:layout_column="0" android:layout_marginleft="4dp" android:layout_marginright="4dp" android:layout_span="3" android:background="#ffff00" android:text="very long title" /> </TableRow> <TableRow> android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_marginleft="4dp" android:layout_marginright="4dp" android:background="#ff0000" android:text="first" /> android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_marginright="4dp" android:background="#00ff00" android:singleline="false" android:text="second long long long long long long long long long long long end" /> android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_marginright="4dp" android:background="#0000ff" android:text="third0" /> </TableRow> </TableLayout>
44 TableLayout stretching 44 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <TableLayout xmlns:android=" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:shrinkcolumns="1" android:stretchcolumns="*"> <TableRow> android:layout_column="0" android:layout_marginleft="4dp" android:layout_marginright="4dp" android:layout_span="3" android:background="#ffff00" android:text="very long title" /> </TableRow> <TableRow> android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_marginleft="4dp" android:layout_marginright="4dp" android:background="#ff0000" android:text="first" /> android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_marginright="4dp" android:background="#00ff00" android:singleline="false" android:text="second long long long long long long long long long long long end" /> android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_marginright="4dp" android:background="#0000ff" android:text="third0" /> </TableRow> </TableLayout>
45 TableLayout collapsing 45 Android:collapseColumns= * * 0 1,2,4 Same as visibility= gone
46 Varia - performance 46
47 Varia Hierarchy Viewer 47 ViewServer Download ViewServer.java from Add INTERNET permission Enable ViewServer in your activity
48 Varia Hierarchy Viewer 48 Launch Android Device Monitor Window -> Open Perspective -> Hierarchy View Select your running app from tree Click the icon Load the view hierarchy into the tree view
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