COP 4814 Florida International University Kip Irvine XSLT. Updated: 2/9/2016 Based on Goldberg, Chapter 2. Irvine COP 4814

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1 COP 4814 Florida International University Kip Irvine XSLT Updated: 2/9/2016 Based on Goldberg, Chapter 2

2 XSL Overview XSL Extensible Stylesheet Language A family of languages used to transform and render XML documents Inlcudes: XSLT -- Extensible Stylesheet Language (for) Transformations XSL-F0 formats XML output, to PDF, for example XML Path Langage (Xpath)

3 XSLT XSLT -- extensible Style Language for Transformations Transforms XML documents into other formats Output can be XML, HTML, etc. Can reorder the output, display only part of the information Uses the XPath language to identify nodes (elements, attributes) in the XML file XML Transformation page at the w3c

4 W3C says: What is XSLT Used For? If you make a purchase on ebay, or buy a book at Amazon, chances are that pretty much everything you see on every Web page has been processed with XSLT. Use XSLT to process multiple XML documents and to produce any combination of text, HTML and XML output. XSLT support is shipped with all major computer operating systems today, as well as being built in to all major Web browsers.

5 Translating XML to PDF

6 How to Translate XML Files Two documents: XML file contains the source to be translated XSLT file contains the transformation rules (file extension can be.xsl or.xslt) Use Web browser to display the output Editor can be: Visual Studio, XML Copy Editor, EditX XML Editor, etc. See Goldberg's Appendix A

7 Linking to Style Sheet Insert the line in your XML file: <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="filename.xsl"?> The Web browser or XML parser will perform the transformation, based on your code in filename.xsl.

8 Creating an XSLT File Every XSLT file is an XML file. Begin with the following lines: <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet mlns:xsl= version="1.0"> Next, identify the output method: <xsl:output method="html"> Next, define a root template: <xsl:template match="/">. (your code goes here). </xsl:template>

9 value-of The value-of instruction gets the content of a node: The <xsl:value-of select= "classroll/student/name"/> xsl is called a namespace. This one is standard for all style sheet commands.

10 XSLT Translation Example

11 Start with this XML File <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="02-03.xsl"?> <ancient_wonders> <wonder> <name language="english">colossus of Rhodes</name> <location>rhodes, Greece</location> <height units="feet">107</height> </wonder> </ancient_wonders>

12 Apply XSLT Rules <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet mlns:xsl= version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <head><title>wonders of the World</title></head> <body> <h1>wonders of the World</h1> The <xsl:value-of select= "ancient_wonders/wonder/name"/>is located in <xsl:value-of select= "ancient_wonders/wonder/location"/>. </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

13 Notes on the Previous Example The output must contain HTML tags The code used an absolute path to reach the name element: <xsl:value-of select="ancient_wonders/wonder/name Text lines that are not XSLT instructions are known as literal elements. They are ignored by the parser and are output as is. literals provide a way to embed HTML tags, CSS styles, etc.

14 HTML Output Generated by our XSLT <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <html> <head> <title>wonders of the World</title> </head> <body> <h1>wonders of the World</h1> The Colossus of Rhodes is located in Greece. </body> </html> displayed as xsl

15 Looping Over Nodes The for-each command acts on all matching nodes, creating a loop: <xsl:for-each select="nodename"> (everything in here is repeated) </xsl:for-each> Useful for creating HTMl table rows In the select condition, you can check the value of an attribute: select= name[@language= English ]" xsl

16 Processing Conditionally (xsl:if) Format: <xsl:if test="expression"> expression can be a node set, string, or number <xsl:if test="name/@language!='english'"> <xsl:value-of select="name"/> <xsl:value-of select="height"/> </xsl:if> xsl

17 Multiple Conditions (xsl:choose) Format: <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test="expression1"> (statements here...) </xsl:when> <xsl:when test="expression2"> (statements here...) </xsl:when> <xsl:otherwise> (statements here...) </xsl:otherwise> When a condition is true, all remaining conditions are skipped xsl

18 Sorting Nodes Format: <xsl:sort select="nodename" /> nodename is the name of the node (key) to be used for sorting Options: order="descending" data-type="text" or data-type="number" Should immediately follow the xsl:for-each statement xsl

19 Declare a variable: Assigning Attribute Values <xsl:variable name="engname" select="name[@language='english']"/> Use the variable in XSLT statements. For example, we can create a bookmark containing the name of a wonder. <a href="{$engname}"> <xsl:value-of select="$engname"/> </a> Notice that curly braces {..} must be used when the variable is assigned to an output attribute.

20 Templates A template is a block that can be matched and repeated as many times as necessary Defining a template: <xsl:template match="pattern"> (specify all transformations for the node) </xsl:template> Applying a template: <xsl:apply-templates select="pattern"> xsl

21 Summary <xsl:template match="/"> <xsl:value-of select= "nodepath"/> <xsl:for-each select="nodename"> Selecting based on node values: select="nodename['value']" Selecting based on attribute values: Conditional block: <xsl:if Sorting: <xsl:sort select="nodename" />

XSLT: How Do We Use It?

XSLT: How Do We Use It? Nancy Hallberg Nikki Massaro Kauffman 1 XSLT: Agenda Introduction & Terminology XSLT Walkthrough Client-Side XSLT/XHTML Server-Side XSLT/XHTML More Creative Server-Side XSLT 2 XSLT: