LIDA, Zadar, June Library Models and Standards, and Their Availability in the Semantic Web Workshop

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1 LIDA, Zadar, June 2012 Library Models and Standards, and Their Availability in the Semantic Web Workshop Gordon Dunsire, Françoise Leresche, Mirna Willer

2 Overview IFLA s ISBD and FRBR family of conceptual models: their representation in RDF Representing records as RDF triples Bibliographic data as Linked Data: case study 6/18/2012 LIDA 2012, Workshop "Library Models and Standards, and the Semantic Web" 2

3 Background ISBD: International Standard Bibliographic Description IFLA International Meeting of Cataloguing Experts, København, ISBD(M) ISBD consolidated edition FRBR: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records IFLA Seminar on Bibliographic Records, Stockholm, FRBR Final report FRAD: Functional Requirements for Authority Data FRSAD: Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data 6/18/2012 LIDA 2012, Workshop "Library Models and Standards, and the Semantic Web" 3

4 ISBD and the FRBR family of conceptual models 2007, IFLA General Conference, Durban FRBR RG: new project Namespace for FRBR entities/elements in RDF Data Model meeting, April 30-May 1, 2007, British Library, London DCMI/RDA Task Group's charter 2008, IFLA General Conference, Québec Declaring FRBR entities and relationships in RDF 2011, FRBR, FRAD & FRSAD published in OMR: Open Metadata Registry 6/18/2012 LIDA 2012, Workshop "Library Models and Standards, and the Semantic Web" 4

5 ISBD and the FRBR family of conceptual models 2008, IFLA General Conference, Québec ISBD Review Group, ISBD/XML Study Group 2009, IFLA General Conference, Milan ISBD in RDF 2011, ISBD: the published list of elements in the ISBD consolidated edition in OMR March 2012, the ISBD and FRBR namespaces in the OMR are providing de-referencing services 6/18/2012 LIDA 2012, Workshop "Library Models and Standards, and the Semantic Web" 5

6 ISBD and the FRBR family: OMR 6/18/2012 LIDA 2012, Workshop "Library Models and Standards, and the Semantic Web" 6

7 Work in progress IFLA ISBD/XML Study Group & Namespaces Technical Group Translations of RDF representations of IFLA standards: guidelines Mapping of ISBD area 0 vocabularies to RDA/ONIX Framework vocabularies ISBD Application Profile (DCMI Application Profile) discuss the representation of UNIMARC bibliographic format content designation in RDF 6/18/2012 LIDA 2012, Workshop "Library Models and Standards, and the Semantic Web" 7

8 Work in progress IFLA ISBD Review Group & FRBR Review Group alignment of ISBD data elements and FRBR attributes within the task of consolidating the FRBR conceptual models ISBD RG, ISSN Network & JSC/RDA, Glasgow, 3-4 November 2011 harmonization of the ISBD, ISSN, with RDA and other national and international cataloguing rules harmonization is to make RDA, ISSN and ISBD records functionally interoperable JSC/DCMI Seminar Five Years On, London, 27 April 2012 DCMI Bibliographic Metadata Task Group / Vocabulary Task Group 6/18/2012 LIDA 2012, Workshop "Library Models and Standards, and the Semantic Web" 8

9 Bibliographic data as Linked Data Authoritative, trustworthy and socially responsible bibliographic and authority data in the Semantic Web environment UBC & IFLA standards branding Libraries: transformation of their catalogues into RDF triples to contribute to, and take advantage of the Semantic Web bibliographic triples linked to triples from encyclopedias, dictionaries, and other reference works, booksellers, publishers, and other agents in the bibliographic universe to enhance information services internal processing: to check the integrity of the record itself by identifying missing elements, sequencing errors, etc. 6/18/2012 LIDA 2012, Workshop "Library Models and Standards, and the Semantic Web" 9

10 Bibliographic data as Linked Data End-users: providing means to librarians for preparing their metadata for an environment in which users will be enabled to perform tasks according to their specific needs, and not necessarily only those traditionally envisioned by librarians 6/18/2012 LIDA 2012, Workshop "Library Models and Standards, and the Semantic Web" 10

11 Resource Description Framework Metadata statement constructed in 3 parts Triple The title of this book is Treasure island Subject of the statement = Subject: This book Nature of the statement = Predicate: has title Value of the statement = Object: Treasure island This book has title Treasure island subject predicate - object

12 Identifiers Need unambiguous way of identifying each part of the triple for efficient machineprocessing Human labels ( This book, has title ) no good Same thing, different labels; different things, same label Exploit the utility of the URL Machine-readable, regular syntax, unambiguous Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)

13 RDF and URIs Resource Description Framework requires the subject and predicate of triple to be URIs Object can be a URI, or a literal string ( Treasure island ) If the object URI of one triple is the same as the subject URI of another triple, the triples can be linked together Linked data! Two subject URIs or two object URIs can also be linked

14 match Subject URI for this book Predicate/ Property URI for has title Object Treasure island URI for has author URI for this book URI for has author match URI for R.L. Stevenson URI for R.L. Stevenson URI for has name Stevenson, R. L. URI for has birthplace URI for Edinburgh URI for has geolocation

15 From record to triples Record ID: 1234 Author: Title: Media type: Stevenson, R. L. Treasure island audio Attribute/field => Predicate Value => Object Record or Resource ID => Subject Subject Predicate Object URI of Resource URI for (has) Author URI for Stevenson, R. L.?

16 Subject URI Identifies specific resource Must be globally unique Unique global http domain + local unique number E.g. specific library domain + record number E.g. Note: This is not a URL! Not the only method But http URIs are cool E.g. use the infrastructure of the Web

17 Property URI Predicate = RDF property Is there a namespace (set of URIs) for the record schema? E.g. If ISBD record Yes! Is there a URI for the attribute/property? ISBD has author x ISBD has title proper ISBD has media type If not, look in another namespace Mix and match (if semantic constraints permit)

18 Object URI Optional If no URI, value is a literal and cannot be linked Labels not usually given a URI Human-readable identifier No need to identify the identifier E.g. title Treasure island Value vocabulary namespaces E.g. ISBD area 0 vocabularies E.g. Virtual International Authority File E.g. Library of Congress Subject Headings

19 Record ID: 1234 Author: Stevenson, R. L. Title: Treasure island Media type: audio mylibrary:1234 rda:author viaf: mylibrary:1234 isbd:p1004 Treasure island mylibrary:1234 isbd:p1003 isbd:t1001

20 rda:author foaf:name viaf: ستيفنسن روبرت لويس م. foaf:name Stevenson, Robert Louis, mylibrary: 1234 isbd:p1003 isbd: T1001 isbd:p1004 Treasure island skos:preflabel skos:definition audio Medios utilizados para almacenar sonido grabado, diseñado para su uso con un dispositivo de reproducción como un tocadiscos, reproductor de audiocasete, reproductor de CD, reproductor de MP3 o ipod.

21 Interoperability Data interoperability requires Schema alignment Schema alignment in RDF requires ontological triples which indicate semantic relationships between elements (classes and properties) Applying ontological triples to data triples produces (infers) new data triples

22 mylibrary:1234 isbd:p1004 Treasure island urlibrary:4321 rda:titleproper Treasure island isbd:p1004 rdfs:subpropertyof rda:titleproper Narrower meaning or scope entails (infers) Broader meaning or scope mylibrary:1234 rda:titleproper Treasure island Entailed triple has same nature as second triple = functional interoperability First triple available for other applications

23 Library Models and Standards and Their Availability in the Semantic Web Workshop LIDA 2012 Exposing heterogeneous data more efficiently, using Semantic Web tools data.bnf.fr Françoise Leresche Bibliothèque nationale de France Bibliographic and Digital Information Department Standards and Models Unit

24 Bibliothèque nationale de France Millions of resources of any kind (books, scores, maps, still images, audiovisual materials ) published items / manuscripts and archival resources Made Web available through digitization

25 Different logics Published resources Bibliographic description (ISBD) and MARC format Archival resources Archival description (tree structure) and XML-EAD format Digitized resources Simple Dublin Core format

26 Catalogues BnF Catalogue Général 15 millions of bibliographic records Legal deposit of French edition BnF Archives et Manuscrits (BAM) Dozens of thousands of manuscripts and archival resources Mediaeval manuscripts, authors' archives Gallica 1,5 million of digital objects The largest digital library in the French-speaking world 24% 2% 54% 19% livres presse et revues images cartes manuscrits documents sonores partitions musicales

27 Resources Often hidden in the "Deep Web," i.e.: buried in catalogues scattered among various addresses

28 Web practices Less people come in through home pages they access site pages directly Keyword research associated with final content e.g.: a book title Navigating links on blogs, sites, networks

29 Organizing information Gathering contents, links, and services Pages for human reading Data for machine reading Some tools are at hand: Authority records Description standards Persistent identifiers The project

30 The project Data clustering Published resources Archival resources Digital resources About authors, works, and topics Providing HTML pages RDF structured, open, W3C standards compliant data

31 For what purposes? To propose services Beyond warehouses For any audience To open data and make it free To provide reliable links

32 The project Links for authors, works, and topics Links to books, manuscripts, images disseminated to any audience through user-friendly HTML pages

33 HTML pages In order to: provide content create links to resources lead users to services

34

35 HTML pages Clustering on one page all the information relating to an author a work a topic from heterogeneous formats using Semantic Web technologies

36 Semantic Web Combining a traditional Web interface with a Semantic web approach Gathering information around a concept In addition to resources, an address and meaningful machine-usable data RDF chosen as resource description framework

37 Relying on Elaboration on data authority records, and persistent identifiers Period of reflection on standards Defining a model Selecting vocabularies Data alignment and integration

38 How does it work? Digitized resources Human-friendly Web pages BnF Archives et Manuscrits BnF Catalogue général Clustering - Alignment Machine-friendly data

39 Functional principles Web Interface Linked Data Publication - control Page concepts leading to Other libraries Other resources Autres sources Wikipedia, Wikipedia. etc. Clustering - Aligning Extracting - Transforming Catalogue général BnF Archives & manuscrits Gallica Virtual Mandragore exhibitions

40 Authority records ID card for an entity (person, corporate body, work ) the preferred form variant forms (references) notes sources links to other records an identifier (at the BnF, ARK identifier)

41 Authority record for a work associated with an author Link to the authority record for the creator of the work Link to bibliographic records Preferred access point title of work Links to other works (whole/part relationships) Persistent identifier

42 Persistent identifiers Persistent identifier to recognize a resource uniquely on the long term Stable Reference Naming Finding Citing Two objectives Access Preservation

43 Persistent identifiers: ARK Name Mapping Authority Host (NMAH) Label Name (assigned by the Name Assigning Authority) Qualifier (interpreted by the Name Mapping Authority) Name Assigning Authority Number (NAAN)

44 FRBR model Work Expression Manifestation Item Creation (at the top level of abstraction) e.g.: Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque, E. A. Poe Version under which a Work is available (type of content, language, contribution) e.g.: French translation by Baudelaire Publication (production of the book: publisher, printer) e.g.: Ed. Paris : M. Lévy frères,1875. xxxi-330 p. Physical copy e.g.: digitized copy ark:/12148/bpt6k

45 Why FRBR? Organized display of the various versions of a Work of the various productions of a Person Better matches to Web users' various queries

46 Why FRBR? To interrelate persons and works at the right level of contribution Creator of a work author, composer Contributor to an edition translator, author of a foreword Producer of a publication publisher, printer, distributor Name associated with a single exemplar owner, annotator

47 Vocabularies No "records," only data for concepts SKOS for authors FOAF for works RDA implementation of the FRBR model _09.pdf definition of the roles associated with the various types of contribution

48 Alignments with external data BnF data sources BnF Authorities Virtual exhibitions

49 Complex ontology Romain WENZ BnF-IBN 49

50 "Author" page

51 "Work" page

52 RDF data re/rdf.xml re_les_fleurs_du_mal/rdf.xml

53 RDF data Authority records are regarded as concepts SKOS <rdf:description rdf:about=" <rdf:type rdf:resource=" /> <rdfs:seealso rdf:resource=" /> <foaf:focus rdf:resource=" /> <skos:editorialnote>dbf. - GDEL. - Laffont Bompiani, Auteurs</skos:editorialNote> <skos:editorialnote>baudelaire / Isabelle Viéville-Degeorges, impr. 2011</skos:editorialNote> <skos:editorialnote>les Fleurs du mal / Charles Baudelaire, 1869</skos:editorialNote> <skos:editorialnote>bn Cat. gén.. - BN Cat. gén BN Cat. gén. suppl.</skos:editorialnote> <owl:sameas rdf:resource=" /> <skos:preflabel>charles Baudelaire ( )</skos:prefLabel> <skos:altlabel>baudelaire- Dufays ( )</skos:altLabel> <skos:altlabel>baudelaire-dufays ( )</skos:altLabel> <skos:altlabel>pierre Dufaÿs ( )</skos:altLabel> <skos:altlabel>baudelaire ( )</skos:altLabel> <skos:altlabel>charles Pierre Baudelaire ( )</skos:altLabel> </rdf:description>

54 <rdf:description rdf:about=" <foaf:name>charles Baudelaire</foaf:name> RDF data <rdagroup2elements:fieldofactivityoftheperson>littératures</rdagroup2elements:fieldofactivityoftheperson> <rdagroup2elements:fieldofactivityoftheperson rdf:resource=" /> <foaf:familyname>baudelaire</foaf:familyname> <foaf:givenname>charles</foaf:givenname> <rdagroup2elements:placeofdeath>paris</rdagroup2elements:placeofdeath> <dc:contributor rdf:resource=" /> <dc:contributor rdf:resource=" /> <dc:contributor rdf:resource=" /> <owl:sameas rdf:resource=" /> <rdagroup2elements:languageoftheperson rdf:resource=" /> Identifying the person FOAF <foaf:birthday>04-09</foaf:birthday> <rdagroup2elements:placeofbirth>paris</rdagroup2elements:placeofbirth> <foaf:depiction rdf:resource=" Baudelaire_crop.jpg" /> <foaf:depiction rdf:resource=" /> <foaf:depiction rdf:resource=" /> <foaf:depiction rdf:resource=" /> <foaf:depiction rdf:resource=" /> <foaf:depiction rdf:resource=" /> <foaf:depiction rdf:resource=" /> <foaf:depiction rdf:resource=" /> <foaf:depiction rdf:resource=" /> <foaf:depiction rdf:resource=" /> <rdagroup2elements:dateofdeath> </rdagroup2elements:dateofdeath> <rdagroup2elements:dateofbirth> </rdagroup2elements:dateofbirth> <dc:title xml:lang="fr">charles Baudelaire</dc:title> <foaf:page rdf:resource=" /> <rdagroup2elements:biographicalinformation>poète. - Critique d'art. - Traducteur d'edgar Allan Poe. - Signa ses premières oeuvres de son patronyme et du nom de sa mère Caroline Archenbaut- Dufays</rdagroup2elements:biographicalInformation> <foaf:gender>male</foaf:gender> <rdf:type rdf:resource=" /> <dc:date> </dc:date> <xfoaf:nationality rdf:resource=" /> </rdf:description>

55 RDF data Baudelaire as author [creator] Baudelaire, Charles. Le spleen de Paris <rdf:description rdf:about=" <dc:creator rdf:resource=" /> </rdf:description> Baudelaire as translator [contributor] Poe, Edgar Allan. Histoires grotesques et sérieuses <rdf:description rdf:about=" <dc:contributor rdf:resource=" /> <marcrel:trl rdf:resource=" /> </rdf:description>

56 Benefits Visibility Being on users' path Finding resources without knowing of them Knowledge enhancement Simple pages and large audience Creating links Enabling data reuse

57 Benefits For the BnF Experimentation FRBRizing catalogue records Future developments for the catalogue New mode of disseminating bibliographic information Showing up in the Linked Data world

58 Presence in the Linked Data cloud

59 Thank you!