Agenda Summary of Previous Session / Review New Syllabus

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1 XML for Java Developers G Session 2 - Main Theme Markup Language Technologies (Part II) Dr. Jean-Claude Franchitti New York University Computer Science Department Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences 1 Agenda Summary of Previous Session / Review New Syllabus XML Applications vs. Applications of XML!? History and Current State of XML Standards Advanced Applications of XML XML s extensible Style Language (XSL) Character Encodings and Text Processing XML and DBMSs Course Approach... XML Application Development XML References and Class Project Readings Assignment #1a (due today - reminder?) Assignment #1b (due next week) 2 1

2 Summary of Previous Session XML Generics Course Logistics, Structure and Objectives History of Meta-Markup Languages XML Applications: Markup Languages XML Information Modeling Applications XML-Based Architectures XML and Java XML Development Tools (XML, DTD and Schema Editors) Summary Class Project Readings Assignment #1a 3 Old History Formatting Markups Rendition notations (e.g., LaTeX, TeX, RTF, MIF) Compatible with standard text editors Processed into presentations (printout, or electronic display) WYSIWYG What You See Is ALL You Get Meta-Markup Language GML (Goldfarb, Mosher, Lorie - IBM 1969) Generalized (i.e., indep. of systems, devices, applications) Markups (i.e., information related to struct. & content Language (i.e., methodology with formal syntax) Validation capabilities (1974) 4 2

3 SGML SGML ( /15/86) Used by DoD for Continuous Acquisition and Lifecycle Support (CALS) SGML DTD or Schema <!DOCTYPE tutorials [ <!ELEMENT tutorials (tutorial+)> <!ELEMENT tutorial (title, intro, chap+)> <!ELEMENT title O (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT intro O (para+)> <!ELEMENT chap O (title, para+)> <!ELEMENT para O (#PCDATA)> ]> 5 SGML Markup <tutorials> <tutorial> <title>xml TUTORIAL <intro> <para>required first paragraph of intro. <para>optional second paragraph of intro. </intro> <chap> <title>chapter 1 <para>required first paragraph of first chapter. <chap> <title>chapter 2 <para>required first paragraph of optional 2nd chapter. </tutorial </tutorials> 6 3

4 W3C and HTML Tim Berners-Lee (CERN, 1989) W3 Hypertext System W3 uses HTML Founder of W3C in 1994 HTML Based on SGML, no DTD support) W3C HTML ( CSS + weakly extensible HTML XML XHTML ( 7 XML DTD <!DOCTYPE TUTORIALS [ <!ELEMENT tutorials (tutorial+)> <!ELEMENT tutorial (title, intro, chap+)> <!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT intro (para+)> <!ELEMENT chap (title, para+)> <!ELEMENT para (#PCDATA)> ]> XML is different from SGML Names are case sensitive Non empty elements must have a start and end tag DTD or Schema not required 8 4

5 Current State of XML Standards extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (2nd Edition) - 10/06/00) Namespaces in XML - 01/14/99 URIs: XML Schema Part 0: Primer - 05/02/01 XML Schema Part 1: Structures - 05/02/01 XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes - 05/02/01 XML Path Language (XPath) Version /16/99 Working Draft of Version 2-05/02/03 Associating Stylesheets with XML Documents - 06/29/99 Use xml:stylesheet element in the XML document prolog XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version /16/99 Working Draft of Version 2-05/02/03 Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Version /15/01 9 Current State of XML Standards (continued) Canonical XML Version /15/01 Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2-11/13/00 Core, Views, Events, Style, Traversal & Range Web Content Accessibility Guidelines /05/99 Resource Description Framework (RDF) - 02/22/99 See for Additional Specifications Core, XSL, Query, Linking, Schema Microsoft Validator: W3C Schema Validator (3/30/03)

6 Advanced Applications of XML Ancestors: SGML with Annex K, HyTime, DSSS Alternatives: HTML 4.01, CSS HTML-Based XHTML 1.0, XForms 1.0 POP-Based e.g., XHTML, CML, MathML, SMIL, SVG, P3P, RDF, WML MOM-Based e.g., ebxml, RosettaNet, cxml, fpml, FIXML Web Services-Based Protocols (SOAP, WSDL, UDDI) 11 Services & Facilities (XAML Transaction Authority ML) Logical Structure of XML Documents: Namespaces 1.0 Namespaces: provides a simple method to qualify element and attribute names used in XML documents by associating them with namespaces identified by URIs Example: <price> is borrowed from the edi schema <?xml version= 1.0?> <order:x xmlns:order= > xmlns:edi= > <edi:price>14.95</edi:price> </order:x> See

7 extensible Style Language (XSL) Descendant of SGML s DSSSL & DSSSL-O CSS 1, 2, 3 XSLT (tree transformation) XPath (accessing, pointing to, and matching) XSL-FO (formatting objects) XSLT Processors Stylus Studio XSL development environment IBM XSL Editor Saxon and Xalan XSLT processors XSL-FO Processors Antenna House fop 13 XSL Processing Processing Alternatives: HTML + CSS -> Presentation XML + CSS -> Presentation XML + XSLT -> XSL-FO -> Presentation XML + XSLT -> XML/HTML + CSS -> Presentation Client or Server Processing? See Session 2 handout on IE5+ s implementation Examples See Session 2 Sub-Topic 1 Presentation: Beginning XML See Session 2 handouts on XSL Tree Transformation Language See Session 2 handout on Cascading Stylesheets See Session 2 handout on Styling Documents Using XSL 14 7

8 Character Encodings & Text Processing ASCII, ISO 8859, and Unicode Using Unicode characters in XML/HTML U+ (4 digit min) hex number (e.g., "U+1234 ) Specify as: "ሴ" or " ". White space processing?! (wanted vs. unwanted) 15 XML & DBMSs Comparison Both separate data from rendition/presentation info Similar languages DBMSs: Forms and Reporting, DDL, DQL, DCL XML: XSL, XQL, and processing instructions No DML in XML XML is paired with a scripting or programming language Validation capabilities DBMSs: datatyping, relationship constraints XML: data type validity and semantic consistency checks XML can handle data too complex for some databases XML interchangeable form of data vs. multidatabases 16 8

9 Course Approach... IBM XML Certification Test 140 IBM Certified Developer XML and Related Technologies (old) (latest) Proficiency Objectives Architecture Implications on XML Design Information Modeling XML Processing XML Rendering XML Query Implementation Testing and Tuning 17 XML Application Development Applications of XML: Markup Languages XML Applications Using Core XML Technologies POP (Java is optional ) Web Content Programming Web Application Development Web-Enabled Enterprise Application Development MOM EDI v.s. IEC/B2B EAI Applications e.g., ERP, SCM, CRM integration B2Bi, BPM, LE, and EII Applications Application Configuration Architectural Patterns requiring new XML protocols SOAs, P2P, Grid Computing, Brick by Brick Computing, etc. 18 9

10 XML POP Application Development Java Independent Component Models JSP Custom Tags XML/XSLT XML/Servlet Frameworks (e.g., Cocoon) XML/Servlet Filters XML/JavaScript XML Data Bindings Java Intensive Component Models JSP/Java JSP/JavaBeans Applets/Java Web Start Servlets Java Server Faces Java Applications (Including Thick Clients) 19 XML MOM Application Development Java Independent Component Models Scripting Languages Non J2EE Platforms (e.g., CORBA 3 &.Net) and PLs Web Services Platforms Sun Open Net Environment (ONE) HP NetAction Oracle Dynamic Services IBM WebSphere Platform Microsoft.NET Java Intensive Component Models EJBs JSP/JavaBeans Applets/Java Web Start Servlets Java Applications 20 10

11 XML References Information Software Class Project Project Description The project will consist of providing custom XML-based services to support the various aspects of your own selected portable application. The application can be targeted to end-users (B2C), businesses (B2B), developers (toolkit). As an example, you could implement and XMLbased training studio supporting VoiceXML, and application-sharing capabilities. Sample applications used in the past fell in the category of multichannel online community platforms, and included applications such as community-based shopping. In that context, examples of useful XML-based services to support these platforms may include synchronized multimedia presentation viewing, and offline chat capabilities. A sample specification of the online community platform for a virtual university ebusiness application that was used in the past 22 for this course will be provided for illustration purpose. 11

12 Generic Architecture Blueprint + Architecture Design Methodology + Mgmt XML Applications (logic) Applications of XML (structured content/object data, style information) XML Application Services (logic) Logical View Use Case Use Case View Implementation View XML Application Infrastructure (logic) Process View Deployment View Technology Infrastructure (hardware platforms) Management Applications of XML Structure Content XML Applications Processing Rendering Querying Application and Technology Infrastructure Style Additional Services 23 Sample Conceptual Architecture Diagram (e.g., virtual classroom environment) Presentation Enabling (posting, querying, locating, viewing) SMIL SMIL Authoring Tool XML Authoring Tool Q&A Enabling (questions capture, integration, viewing) XLF XLF Processing/Rendering JSP Engine / SMIL Viewer (processing, rendering) XML POP Framework (processing, rendering) Web Community Avatar-Based Chat Platform Web-Based Infrastructure (lightweight client machines, server platforms) Legend XML Application (logic ) Applications of XML (content/style) XML Application Services (logic ) 3 rd Party Tool XML Application Infrastructure (logic) Technology Infrastructure (OS and hardware) 24 12

13 Structured Applications Design Tips Reuse: should focus on Domain Models/System Family Architectures Applications should separate the various information elements (i.e., content, logic, style, and architecture/handling schemes) Various content formats: presentation, message, storage, etc. Application architecture supports: Web Enabling (WE), XML Enabling (XE), Data Enabling (DE), Enterprise System Assurance Enabling (ESAE) Various application support services to support: Interactions with users via content (content + logic) - WE Encoding of user requests as secure (portable) messages (content generation) - XE/ESAE Processing of user requests via logic (content + logic) - XE Rendering of content via logic using style (content + style + logic) - WE/XE Querying information via logic (content + logic) - XE/DE 25 Interactions with back office via content (content + logic) - XE/ESAE Readings Readings XML and Java: Chapter 1, Appendices A, B, and C Processing XML with Java: Chapter 1, Appendix C Developing Java Web Services: Chapters 1 and 2 Handouts posted on the course web site Review Xpath 1.0, XSLT 2.0, XSL 1.0 W3C Recs Project Frameworks Setup (ongoing) Apache s Web Server, TomCat, and Cocoon Apache s Xerces, Xalan 26 13

14 Assignment Assignment #1b: Review the class project description, and the virtual university sample ebusiness application specification Come up with your own variant of an XML-based portable application Specify a set of services that would need to be provided to support your portable application 27 Assignment (continued) Assignment #1b (continued): Provide a written specification of your overall framework (i.e., platform and services), and propose a staged development approach that would demonstrate the use of XML to support the modern approach at building comprehensive business applications suggested in this course. Your proposed approach should include the use of XML Markup Language technologies, XML information modeling, XML information processing, XML information rendering, XML information retrieval, XML-Based frameworks and other services, and XML application implementation and testing methodologies and tools 28 14

15 Next Session: XML Information Modeling (Part I) XML Physical Entities Logical Structure of XML Documents XML Document Navigation Custom Markup Languages 29 15