6. RDFS Modeling Patterns Semantic Web

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1 6. RDFS Modeling Patterns Semantic Web Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm Faculty of Computer Science Hochschule Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences Summer semester

2 Agenda RDFS Modeling Patterns Literature 2

3 Term Reconciliation Challenge: 2 terms in 2 ontologies are similar and shall be reconciled in a common application Example: Researcher and Analyst Solution 1: :Researcher rdfs:subclassof :Analyst. Analyst Researcher Solution 2: :Analyst rdfs:subclassof :Researcher. Researcher Analyst 3

4 Term Reconciliation (2/2) Solution 3: :Researcher rdfs:subclassof :Investigator. :Analyst rdfs:subclassof :Investigator. Researcher Investigator Analyst Solution 4: :Analyst rdfs:subclassof :Researcher. :Researcher rdfs:subclassof :Analyst. Researcher Analyst 4

5 Readable Labels rdfs:label rdfs:label built-in property to provide printable name for resource Challenge: use properties in existing ontologies for printable names Example: :Person1 :personname "James Dean". :Person2 :personname "Elizabeth Taylor". :Person3 :personname "Rock Hudson". :Movie1 :movietitle "Rebel Without a Cause". :Movie2 :movietitle "Giant". :Movie3 :movietitle "East of Eden". Solution: :personname rdfs:subpropertyof rdfs:label. :movietitle rdfs:subpropertyof rdfs:label. 5

6 Data Typing Based on Use Challenge: How can we automatically classify instances in specific subclasses depending on existing statements? Example: ship:berengaria ship:maidenvoyage "Dec. 16, 1946". ship:qeii ship:nextdeparture "Mar 4, 2010". 6

7 Data Typing Based on Use (2/5) ship:deployedvessel rdfs:subclassof ship:vessel. ship:inservicevessel rdfs:subclassof ship:vessel. ship:outofservicevessel rdfs:subclassof ship:vessel. Solution: ship:maidenvoyage rdfs:domain ship:deployedvessel. ship:nextdeparture rdfs:domain ship:inservicevessel. ship:decommissioneddate rdfs:domain ship:outofservicevessel. ship:destructiondate rdfs:domain ship:outofservicevessel. 7

8 Data Typing Based on Use (3/5) 8

9 Data Typing Based on Use (4/5) How can we express that that the commander of a ship has the rank of Captain? ship:captain rdfs:subclassof ship:officer. ship:commander rdfs:subclassof ship:officer. ship:lieutenantcommander rdfs:subclassof ship:officer. ship:lieutenant rdfs:subclassof ship:officer. ship:ensign rdfs:subclassof ship:officer. Solution: ship:hascommander rdfs:range ship:captain. 9

10 Data Typing Based on Use (5/5) 10

11 Modeling with Domains and Ranges Consider ship:nextdeparture rdfs:domain DepartingVessel. ship:qeii ship:nextdeparture "Mar 4, 2010". ==> ship:qeii rdf:type ship:departingvessel. and sales:salesperson rdfs:subclassof foaf:person. sales:nextdeparture rdfs:domain sales:salesperson. 11

12 Modeling with Domains and Ranges Imagine we would merge the Ship and Sales ontologies as follows: sales:nextdeparture rdfs:subpropertyof ship:nextdeparture. ship:nextdeparture rdfs:subpropertyof sales:nextdeparture. sales:nextd Suppose we have asserted the following statements: ship:nextd sales:johannes sales:nextdeparture "May 31, 2008". ship:qeii ship:nextdeparture "Mar 4, 2010". What conclusions are inferred? 12

13 Modeling with Domains and Ranges Answer: sales:johannes ship:nextdeparture "May 31, 2008". ship:qeii sales:nextdeparture "Mar 4, 2010". sales:johannes rdf:type ship:departingvessel. ship:qeii rdf:type sales:salesperson. ship:qeii rdf:type foaf:person. This is not at all what we expected! 13

14 Modeling with Domains and Ranges Better solution: cal:nextd sales:nextd ship:nextd ship:nextdeparture rdfs:subpropertyof cal:nextdeparture. sales:nextdeparture rdfs:subpropertyof cal:nextdeparture. ==> sales:johannes cal:nextdeparture "May 31, 2008". ship:qeii cal:nextdeparture "Mar 4, 2010". 14

15 Nonmodeling Properties in RDFS seealso, comment Cross-Referencing Files rdfs:seealso Reference a website, e.g., a home page or a Wikipedia article, with supplementary information Model Documentation rdfs:comment Natural language comment on a resource 15

16 Agenda RDFS Modeling Patterns Literature 16

17 Literature Dean Allemang, James Hendler: Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA, Read Chapter 6: The RDF Schema Language 17

2. RDF Semantic Web Basics Semantic Web

2. RDF Semantic Web Basics Semantic Web Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm Faculty of Computer Science Hochschule Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences Summer semester 2011 1 Agenda Semantic Web Basics Literature