Usability Ranking of Intercity Bus Passenger Seats Using Fuzzy Axiomatic Design Theory
|
|
- Franklin Mitchell
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Usability Ranking of Intercity Bus Passenger Seats Using Fuzzy Axiomatic Design Theory Ergun Eraslan, Diyar Akay 2, and Mustafa Kurt 3 Department of Industrial Engineering, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey eraslan@baskent.edu.tr 2,3 Department of Industrial Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey {diyar, mkurt}@gazi.edu.tr Abstract. Usability, considering user satisfaction along with the user performance, is one of the key factors in determining the success of a product in today s competitive market. Designing usable intercity bus seats is important for passengers during the long hours of traveling. Comfort, aesthetic, safety, convenience to the body posture, durability, harmoniousness with the seat accessories and operability are expected usability dimensions of seats for both user and the designers. Aim of this study is to identify and rank ten alternative seats of an intercity bus manufacturing company according to these usability attributes. The products are evaluated by five subjects and assessed for each usability attributes by using linguistic variables. Then Fuzzy Axiomatic Design Theory (FADT), which is the combination of second axiom, is used as a multi attribute decision making tool to determine most usable seat design solution. Design range is defined by design engineers and system ranges for seats are obtained from linguistic assessment of five subjects for applying conformance testing in cooperative engineering. Keywords: Usability, Fuzzy Axiomatic Design, Conformance Testing, Cooperative Engineering. Introduction Traveling becomes an integral part of human life nowadays. Among the travel options, traveling by bus is preferred commonly as it is economical compared to others. Passengers spend most of their time on seats of bus during the long travel hours. Therefore, seats are an important factor in seating industry to meet customer expectations. Generally the main task of the ergonomic seat design is increasing the seat conformance which is a complex and subjective notation related to a good physical and psychological well being of the interface between the passenger and the seat. Comfort and discomfort, which are not antonymous, are two main elements of seat design. They are related since it is necessary, but not sufficient to be not uncomfortable in order for a seat to be comfortable. While comfort is a subjective notation, and is hard to quantify, discomfort is an objective notation and is related to specific methods (e.g. pressure distribution, electromyography or posture analysis). Hence, discomfort is not only a feature of a seat, but also it expresses to what extent the seat is not sufficient [],[2],[3]. Y. Luo (Ed.): CDVE 2006, LNCS 40, pp. 4 48, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006
2 42 E. Eraslan, D. Akay, and M. Kurt Therefore evaluation of seat design in literature is mostly related to the discomfort aspect [3],[4],[5],[6],[7]. However, comfort - discomfort related studies are not the only main design factors nowadays. Usability, a holistic view to ergonomic and collaborative product design, is seen as a critical dimension of which importance is increasing swiftly in product design [8],[9]. Usability is defined as effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction of a product for achieving specified goals for specified users in a particular environment. Designing usable products is seen a company philosophy for firms in today s competitive business environment [0]. It is an important stage to observe and analyze multi dimensional product usability attributes in product design. Aesthetic, safety, convenience to the body posture, durability, harmoniousness with the seat accessories and operability of seat are also expected features which are important usability factors for bus manufacturers. Manufacturers want to obtain seats from suppliers which satisfy those usability factors. In this paper it is tried to identify the best seat among ten available alternative seats considering many usability factors for a factory producing passenger buses. Such problems are referred to as multi-attribute decision making problems in concurrent manufacturing. This study uses FADT to solve this multi attribute decision making problem. This paper is organized as follows. In section 2, FADT method is presented briefly. Section 3 discusses the implementation of FADT to cooperative seat usability decision problem, and the study ends in with section 4 with conclusion and discussions. 2 Fuzzy Axiomatic Design for Multi-attribute Decision Making A key factor in cooperative product design is the optimization of product development decisions such as the costs, the quality and the time required to design a product. These factors are interrelated and an improvement of one factor may result in a decline in the others. Therefore all these issues have to be considered simultaneously to make the product design more successful. Axiomatic Design (AD) forms a scientific basis to design and improves designing activities by providing the designer with a theoretical foundation based on logical and traditional thought process and tools. AD provides a systematic search process through the design space to minimize the random search process and determine best design solution among many alternatives considering all product development decisions. In the literature, AD theory and principles are used to design products, systems, organizations and software []. In ergonomics, Helander and Lin (2002) used axiomatic design as a foundation of ergonomic design and demonstrated examples on how axiomatic design can be used for biomechanics design of hand tools and anthropometric design of workplaces [2]. Lo and Helander (2004) proposed axiomatic design as a formal method for usability analysis for consumer products [3]. Karwowski (2005) also emphasized the applicability of axiomatic design for solving complex ergonomics design problems [4]. Design axioms, namely independence axiom and information axiom, are two key stones of AD. Independence axiom is related to maintaining the independence of functional requirements (FRs), i.e., design solution must be such that each one of FRs can be satisfied without affecting the other FRs. Therefore, a correct set of design parameters have to be chosen to be able to satisfy the FRs and maintain their independences. Among the design solutions satisfying independence axiom, the design with the smallest information content must be chosen. This is the second
3 Usability Ranking of Intercity Bus Passenger Seats Using FADT 43 axiom, information axiom, of AD. Information content, I, is defined in terms of the probabilities (p i ) of satisfying FR i below. Ii = log 2( ) = log 2p i. () pi In case of having FRs, information content of overall system,i sys, is defined in formula 2. n n n sys = Ii = log2( ) = log2(pi ) i= i= pi i= I. (2) Suh (200) specifies the second axiom as a decision making tool for complex engineering design problems []. Design with the smallest I is the best design as it requires the least amount of information to achieve design goals. If all probabilities are large enough, near to one, then information content is minimum. Probability of satisfying a FR is specified by design range (tolerance) defined by designer and generating ability of the systems (system range). Fig. illustrates these two ranges graphically. In Fig., overlap between the design range and system range is called common range (cr) and this is the only region where FR is satisfied. Therefore area under common range, A cr, is the design s probability of achieving the specified FRs. Fig.. System range, design range and common range Many decision making and problem solving tasks are too complicate to be understood quantitatively, however people succeed by using knowledge that is imprecision rather than precise. Fuzzy set theory resembles human reasoning in its use of approximate information and uncertainty to generate decisions. This fact may also be true for engineering decision. System and design ranges may not be defined precisely. If system cannot be defined by using traditional quantitative terms, it is more plausible to use fuzzy linguistic terms. Linguistic terms can be transformed into fuzzy numbers. The fuzzy sets in Fig. 2 are used for converting linguistic terms into fuzzy numbers respectively.
4 44 E. Eraslan, D. Akay, and M. Kurt Fig. 2. Fuzzy sets for intangible factors Fig. 3. Common area for fuzzy case In the case of having system and design ranges in linguistic terms, ranges will be expressed by using around a number, between two numbers or over a number, which can be explained by using fuzzy numbers. Common area in fuzzy case is the intersection area of fuzzy numbers which are ranges of system and design. Fig. 3 shows common area for a triangular fuzzy number (tfn). Hence, information content for fuzzy case is defined in formula 3. tfn of system design I = log ( ) (3) 2 common area Fuzzy case of information axiom is successfully applied to different areas such as; information project selection [5], comparison of advanced manufacturing systems [6], transportation company selection [7], and material handling equipment selection [8]. 3 Usability Ranking of Intercity Bus Passenger Seats Using FADT Ten alternative seats used in the manufacturing facility are chosen for usability study. Seats are shown in Fig subjects, representing a broad range of body sizes, evaluated
5 Usability Ranking of Intercity Bus Passenger Seats Using FADT 45 ten different seats during a short-term seating session. The subjects were volunteers of working age with no health problems. Anthropometric measurements of subjects are taken. Mean stature cm is.73, mean body mass is 69 kg, and mean age is 29. A B C D E F G H I J Fig. 4. Alternative seats Table. System range data for alternative seats S Comf. Aesthetic Safety A D Conven. to the body posture E Poor B C I J F G H Harmon. with the seat acces. Durability Operability Poor As, vibration effect is not considered in the experiment, data collection was conducted in an environmentally controlled laboratory, rather than a bus. In experiment, effects of seat cover are also neglected.
6 46 E. Eraslan, D. Akay, and M. Kurt Before starting the experiment, the subjects were given instructions on the method and experimental procedures. The subject is seated and watches a video on a screen in front of him during experiment. Entire procedure took approximately 50 minutes per subject and evaluating each seat took about 5 minutes. Usability factors used in the study are determined through the focus group study performed with both users and designers in order to measure the effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction dimensions of usability. Each subject evaluated each seat for each usability dimension by using one of the linguistic terms; poor, fair, good, very good or excellent. A focus group study was performed to aggregate five subjects assessment opinions. Evaluation results, obtained from focus study is shown in Table, which corresponds to the system ranges of usability factors. Design ranges (DR) for usability factors are determined by design department of manufacturing facility. DR s in Table 2. Cooperative engineering approach, which makes the decision making process both more effective and more efficient, is utilized by taking the opinions of users and designers into account. Table 2. Design range data for usability factors Usability Factors Comfort Aesthetic Safety Convenience to the body posture Durability Harmoniousness with the seat accessories Operability Design requirements Comfort must be very good Aesthetic must be good Safety must be good Convenience to the body posture must very good Durability must be good Harmoniousness with the seat accessories must be good Operability must be good Fig. 5. System and design ranges of seat A for comfort criteria 4 - Common area = ( ) * = (4) 2
7 Usability Ranking of Intercity Bus Passenger Seats Using FADT System area = ( ) * = 4. (5) 2 tfn of system design 4 I = log2 ( ) = log2( ) = (6) common area A sample calculation for obtaining information content is shown for comfort requirement of seat A. TFNs in Fig. 2. is used for intangible factors. It is observed from Fig. 5 that system range is good and design range is very good for comfort criterion. Common area and system area are and 4 respectively calculated from formulas 4-6. The value in equality 4, is the height of shaded triangle in Fig. 5 which is referred to as common area. Fig. 5. shows common area of seat A for comfort criteria. Information contents for other usability factors for each alternative seat are given in Table 3. Alternative seat with the minimum information content is Seat B. According to those usability factors, the most usable seat is Seat B and the most unusable seats are F,G,I and J. Usability ranking obtained by using FADT is B>E>C>D>A>H>F=G=I=J. If Table 3. is investigated deeply it can be shown that seat F together with seat B have the minimum information content in total except for aesthetic factor. However, seat F is not selected because design range and system range for that factor is not overlapped. In this problem, it is assumed that all usability factors have equal importance. It is also possible to give different importance weights to usability factors to obtain different rankings. Table 3. Information contents for alternative seats S I Comf. I Aesthetic I Safety I Convenience to the body posture I Durability I Harmon. with the seat acces. I Operability A B C D E F 0 Infinite infinite G Infinite infinite H I Infinite infinite J infinite infinite I 4 Discussions and Conclusion It is desired in the cooperative approach that designer and user (or customer) be present in engineering application and decision making processes. Such a cooperative approach will increase the success and effectiveness of the decisions made. In this article, a new multi-attribute cooperative decision making tool, FADT, is used for ranking alternative seats considering usability factors. Usability factors presented for this research is almost subjective. Therefore it will be advantageous to use FADT which cover fuzzy aspect. Designer and user requirements are taken into account by
8 48 E. Eraslan, D. Akay, and M. Kurt using system range and design range concepts which are the key stones of axiomatic design. FADT enables cooperating user and designer requirements into design selection process. In this sense, strength of FADT is very clear. Except for the usability factors, engineering data related to seat (such as pressure distribution) or monetary value of bus seats can be integrated to seat selection process in order to increase the effectiveness of decision process. References. Levrat, E., Voisin, A., Bombardier, S., Bremont, J.: Subjective evaluation of car seat comfort with fuzzy set techniques. International Journal of Intelligent Systems 2 (997) Zhang, L., Helander, M.G., Drury, C.G.: Identifying factors of comfort and discomfort in sitting. Human Factors 38 (996) Looze, M.P. de, Kuijt-Evers, L.F.M., Dieën, J. van.: Sitting comfort and discomfort and the relationship with objective measures. Ergonomics 46 (2003) Jianghong, Z., Long, T.: An evaluation of comfort of a bus seat. Applied Ergonomics 25 (994) Kolich, M.: Ergonomic modeling and evaluation of automobile seat comfort. Ph.D. Dissertation, Windsor, ON (2000) 6. Kolich, M.: Automobile seat comfort: occupant preference vs. anthropometric accommodation. Applied Ergonomics 34 (2003) Kolich, M., Taboun, S.M.: Ergonomics modeling and evaluation of automobile seat comfort. Ergonomics 47 (2004) March, A.: Usability: the new dimension of product design. Harvard Business Review 72 (994) Han, S.H., Yun, M.H., Kim, K.J., Kwahk, J.: Evaluation of product usability: development and validation of usability dimensions and design elements based on empirical models. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 26 (2000) Rubin, J.: The Handbook of Usability Testing: How to Plan, Design, and Conduct Effective Tests. John Wiley & Sons, New York (994). Suh, N.P: Axiomatic design, advances and applications, Oxford University Press (200) 2. Helander, M.G., Lin, L.: Axiomatic design in ergonomics and an extension of the information axiom, Journal of Engineering Design 3 (2002) Lo, S., Helander, M.G.: Developing a formal usability analysis method for consumer products. Proceedings of ICAD, The Third International Conference on Axiomatic Design, Vol. 26 (2004) Karwowski, W.: Ergonomics and human factors: the paradigms for science, engineering, design, technology and management of human-compatible systems. Ergonomics 48 (2005) Kulak, O., Kahraman, C., Öztayşi, B., Tanyaş, M.: Multi attribute information project selection using fuzzy axiomatic design. The Journal of Enterprise Management 8 (2005) Kulak, O., Kahraman, C.: Multi-attribute comprasion of advanced manufacturing systems using fuzzy vs. crisp axiomatic design approach. International Journal of Production Economics 95 (2005a) Kulak, O. and Kahraman, C.: Fuzzy multi-attribute selection among transportation companies using axiomatic design and analytic hierarchy process. Information Sciences 70 (2005b) Kulak, O.: A decision support system for fuzzy multi-attribute selection of material handling equipments. Expert Systems with Applications 29 (2005) 30-39
Similarity Measures of Pentagonal Fuzzy Numbers
Volume 119 No. 9 2018, 165-175 ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu ijpam.eu Similarity Measures of Pentagonal Fuzzy Numbers T. Pathinathan 1 and
More informationA STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION METHODOLOGY USING THE INDEPENDENCE AXIOM
Proceedings of ICAD Cambridge, MA June -3, ICAD A STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION METHODOLOGY USING THE INDEPENDENCE AXIOM Kwang Won Lee leekw3@yahoo.com Research Center Daewoo Motor Company 99 Cheongchon-Dong
More informationAccommodation Assessments for Vehicle Occupants using Augmented Reality
Accommodation Assessments for Vehicle Occupants using Augmented Reality Byoung-keon Daniel Park 1 and Matthew P. Reed 1 1 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA keonpark@umich.edu Abstract. This
More informationASIAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Online Open Access publishing platform for Management Research
ASIAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Online Open Access publishing platform for Management Research Copyright 2010 All rights reserved Integrated Publishing association Review Article ISSN 2229 3795 The
More informationIntegration of Fuzzy Shannon s Entropy with fuzzy TOPSIS for industrial robotic system selection
JIEM, 2012 5(1):102-114 Online ISSN: 2013-0953 Print ISSN: 2013-8423 http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.397 Integration of Fuzzy Shannon s Entropy with fuzzy TOPSIS for industrial robotic system selection
More informationUsability Evaluation of Cell Phones for Early Adolescent Users
Yassierli*, Melati Gilang Industrial Management Research Division, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesa 10 Bandung 40134 Indonesia ABSTRACT:. The increasing number
More informationFACILITY LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS BASED ON FUZZY SETS THEORY Life-cycle cost analysis
FACILITY LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS BASED ON FUZZY SETS THEORY Life-cycle cost analysis J. O. SOBANJO FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida Durability of Building Materials and Components
More informationDynamically Configured λ-opt Heuristics for Bus Scheduling
Dynamically Configured λ-opt Heuristics for Bus Scheduling Prapa Rattadilok and Raymond S K Kwan School of Computing, University of Leeds, UK {prapa, rsk}@comp.leeds.ac.uk Bus scheduling is a complex combinatorial
More informationA Fuzzy Model for a Railway-Planning Problem
Applied Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 10, 2016, no. 27, 1333-1342 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikari.com http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ams.2016.63106 A Fuzzy Model for a Railway-Planning Problem Giovanni Leonardi University
More informationSupplier Selection Based on Two-Phased Fuzzy Decision Making
GADING BUINE AND MANAGEMENT JOURNAL Volume 7, Number, 55-7, 03 upplier election Based on Two-Phased Fuzzy Decision Making Fairuz hohaimay, Nazirah Ramli, 3 iti Rosiah Mohamed & Ainun Hafizah Mohd,,3, Faculty
More informationNektarios Kostaras, Mixalis Xenos. Hellenic Open University, School of Sciences & Technology, Patras, Greece
Kostaras N., Xenos M., Assessing Educational Web-site Usability using Heuristic Evaluation Rules, 11th Panhellenic Conference on Informatics with international participation, Vol. B, pp. 543-550, 18-20
More informationDevelopment of a Smart Workstation for an Assembly Task
Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, January 22 24, 2011 Development of a Smart Workstation for an Assembly Task
More informationEVALUATION OF THE USABILITY OF EDUCATIONAL WEB MEDIA: A CASE STUDY OF GROU.PS
EVALUATION OF THE USABILITY OF EDUCATIONAL WEB MEDIA: A CASE STUDY OF GROU.PS Turgay Baş, Hakan Tüzün Hacettepe University (TURKEY) turgaybas@hacettepe.edu.tr, htuzun@hacettepe.edu.tr Abstract In this
More informationFuzzy Set-Theoretical Approach for Comparing Objects with Fuzzy Attributes
Fuzzy Set-Theoretical Approach for Comparing Objects with Fuzzy Attributes Y. Bashon, D. Neagu, M.J. Ridley Department of Computing University of Bradford Bradford, BD7 DP, UK e-mail: {Y.Bashon, D.Neagu,
More informationUser-Driven Usability Assessment of Internet Maps
User-Driven Usability Assessment of Internet Maps Andrius Balciunas* * Andrius.Balciunas@gf.vu.lt. Vilnius University, Centre for cartography Vilnius, Lithuania. Abstract. This paper describes problematic
More informationInvestigating the Effects of User Age on Readability
Investigating the Effects of User Age on Readability Kyung Hoon Hyun, Ji-Hyun Lee, and Hwon Ihm Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea {hellohoon,jihyunl87,raccoon}@kaist.ac.kr Abstract.
More informationErgoNBC A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR RECOMMENDING NOTEBOOK COMPUTER, WORKSTATION, AND ACCESSORIES SETTINGS
ErgoNBC A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR RECOMMENDING NOTEBOOK COMPUTER, WORKSTATION, AND ACCESSORIES SETTINGS Suebsak Nanthavanij, Kanlayanee Prae-arporn, Sorajak Chanjirawittaya, Satirajit Paripoonyo, and Somsak
More informationCognitive Analysis of Software Interfaces
2011 International Conference on Information and Network Technology IPCSIT vol.4 (2011) (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore Cognitive Analysis of Software Interfaces B.Venkata Raju, Ph.D Scholar, Reg.No.2004199506
More informationModeling People Wearing Body Armor and Protective Equipment: Applications to Vehicle Design
Modeling People Wearing Body Armor and Protective Equipment: Applications to Vehicle Design Matthew P. Reed 1, Monica L.H. Jones 1 and Byoung-keon Daniel Park 1 1 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
More informationSpeed regulation in fan rotation using fuzzy inference system
58 Scientific Journal of Maritime Research 29 (2015) 58-63 Faculty of Maritime Studies Rijeka, 2015 Multidisciplinary SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF MARITIME RESEARCH Multidisciplinarni znanstveni časopis POMORSTVO
More informationApplication of the Fuzzy AHP Technique for Prioritization of Requirements in Goal Oriented Requirements Elicitation Process
Application of the Fuzzy AHP Technique for Prioritization of Requirements in Goal Oriented Requirements Elicitation Process Rajesh Avasthi PG Scholar, Rajasthan India P. S. Sharma Research Scholar, Rajasthan
More informationRanking Web Pages by Associating Keywords with Locations
Ranking Web Pages by Associating Keywords with Locations Peiquan Jin, Xiaoxiang Zhang, Qingqing Zhang, Sheng Lin, and Lihua Yue University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, China jpq@ustc.edu.cn
More informationRDM interval arithmetic for solving economic problem with uncertain variables 2
Marek Landowski Maritime Academy in Szczecin (Poland) RDM interval arithmetic for solving economic problem with uncertain variables 2 Introduction Building model of reality and of dependencies in real
More informationα - CUT FUZZY CONTROL CHARTS FOR BOTTLE BURSTING STRENGTH DATA
International Journal of Electronics, Communication & Instrumentation Engineering Research and Development (IJECIERD ISSN 2249-684X Vol. 2 Issue 4 Dec 2012 17-30 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd., α - CUT FUZZY CONTROL
More informationGEOG 5113 Special Topics in GIScience. Why is Classical set theory restricted? Contradiction & Excluded Middle. Fuzzy Set Theory in GIScience
GEOG 5113 Special Topics in GIScience Fuzzy Set Theory in GIScience -Basic Properties and Concepts of Fuzzy Sets- Why is Classical set theory restricted? Boundaries of classical sets are required to be
More informationResearch on Design and Application of Computer Database Quality Evaluation Model
Research on Design and Application of Computer Database Quality Evaluation Model Abstract Hong Li, Hui Ge Shihezi Radio and TV University, Shihezi 832000, China Computer data quality evaluation is the
More informationMODELING PERFORMANCE OF LOGISTICS SUBSYSTEMS USING FUZZY APPROACH
TRANSPORT & LOGISTICS: the International Journal Article history: Received 02 February 2017 Accepted 18 March 2017 Available online 07 April 2017 ISSN 2406-1069 Article citation info: Stević, Ž., Modeling
More informationCHAPTER 4 MAINTENANCE STRATEGY SELECTION USING TOPSIS AND FUZZY TOPSIS
59 CHAPTER 4 MAINTENANCE STRATEGY SELECTION USING TOPSIS AND FUZZY TOPSIS 4.1 INTRODUCTION The development of FAHP-TOPSIS and fuzzy TOPSIS for selection of maintenance strategy is elaborated in this chapter.
More informationA Real Coded Genetic Algorithm for Data Partitioning and Scheduling in Networks with Arbitrary Processor Release Time
A Real Coded Genetic Algorithm for Data Partitioning and Scheduling in Networks with Arbitrary Processor Release Time S. Suresh 1, V. Mani 1, S. N. Omkar 1, and H. J. Kim 2 1 Department of Aerospace Engineering,
More informationA Study on Fuzzy AHP method and its applications in a tie-breaking procedure
Global Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics. ISSN 0973-1768 Volume 13, Number 6 (2017), pp. 1619-1630 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com A Study on Fuzzy AHP method and its applications
More informationExperimental investigation and analysis for selection of rapid prototyping processes
ISSN 2395-1621 Experimental investigation and analysis for selection of rapid prototyping processes #1 V. E. Kothawade 1, #2 S. P. Kakade 2 #3 A. P. Khot 3 1 vaibhavkothawade4@gmail.com 2 sachinkakade2107@gmail.com
More informationEvaluation of Commercial Web Engineering Processes
Evaluation of Commercial Web Engineering Processes Andrew McDonald and Ray Welland Department of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland. G12 8QQ. {andrew, ray}@dcs.gla.ac.uk, http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/
More informationOrdering of fuzzy quantities based on upper and lower bounds
Ordering of fuzzy quantities based on upper and lower bounds Mahdi Karimirad Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Fariborz Jolai Department of Industrial Engineering,
More informationData Mining in the Application of E-Commerce Website
Data Mining in the Application of E-Commerce Website Gu Hongjiu ChongQing Industry Polytechnic College, 401120, China Abstract. With the development of computer technology and Internet technology, the
More informationGOAL GEOMETRIC PROGRAMMING PROBLEM (G 2 P 2 ) WITH CRISP AND IMPRECISE TARGETS
Volume 4, No. 8, August 2013 Journal of Global Research in Computer Science REVIEW ARTICLE Available Online at www.jgrcs.info GOAL GEOMETRIC PROGRAMMING PROBLEM (G 2 P 2 ) WITH CRISP AND IMPRECISE TARGETS
More informationFuzzySTAR: Fuzzy set theory of axiomatic design review
Title FuzzySTAR: Fuzzy set theory of axiomatic design review Author(s) Huang, GQ; Jiang, Z Citation Artificial Intelligence For Engineering Design, Analysis And Manufacturing: Aiedam, 2002, v. 16 n. 4,
More informationUsability Evaluation of Software Testing Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process Dandan HE1, a, Can WANG2
4th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Computing Technology (ICMMCT 2016) Usability Evaluation of Software Testing Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process Dandan HE1, a, Can WANG2 1,2 Department
More informationFORMAL USABILITY EVALUATION OF INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS. Nico Hamacher 1, Jörg Marrenbach 2, Karl-Friedrich Kraiss 3
In: Johannsen, G. (Eds.): 8th IFAC/IFIP/IFORS/IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human Machine Systems 2001. Preprints, pp. 577-581, September 18-20, Kassel, VDI /VDE-GMA FORMAL USABILITY
More informationExperimental Evaluation of Effectiveness of E-Government Websites
Experimental Evaluation of Effectiveness of E-Government Websites A. Basit Darem 1, Dr. Suresha 2 1 Research Scholar, DoS in Computer Science, University of Mysore 2 Associate Professor, DoS in Computer
More informationQuery Processing and Interlinking of Fuzzy Object-Oriented Database
American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-issn: 2320-0847 p-issn : 2320-0936 Volume-6, Issue-2, pp-36-41 Research Paper www.ajer.org Open Access Query Processing and Interlinking of Fuzzy Object-Oriented
More informationCollaborative Rough Clustering
Collaborative Rough Clustering Sushmita Mitra, Haider Banka, and Witold Pedrycz Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India {sushmita, hbanka r}@isical.ac.in Dept. of Electrical
More informationISSN: Page 320
A NEW METHOD FOR ENCRYPTION USING FUZZY SET THEORY Dr.S.S.Dhenakaran, M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D, Associate Professor Dept of Computer Science & Engg Alagappa University Karaikudi N.Kavinilavu Research Scholar
More informationA Linear Regression Model for Assessing the Ranking of Web Sites Based on Number of Visits
A Linear Regression Model for Assessing the Ranking of Web Sites Based on Number of Visits Dowming Yeh, Pei-Chen Sun, and Jia-Wen Lee National Kaoshiung Normal University Kaoshiung, Taiwan 802, Republic
More informationA Fair Extension of (Soft) Concurrent Constraint Languages
A Fair Extension of (Soft) Concurrent Constraint Languages Stefano Bistarelli 1,2,3 and Paola Campli 1 1 Department of Science, University G. d Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy [bista,campli]@sci.unich.it
More informationSimulating Seat Back Interaction Using Realistic Body Contours
Simulating Seat Back Interaction Using Realistic Body Contours Matthew P. Reed Jingwen Hu Biosciences Group Introduction Dimensional mismatch between a seat and sitter can cause discomfort. Traditional
More informationSoftware Design and Evaluation by Ergonomics Knowledge and Intelligent Design System (EKIDES)
PsychNology Journal, 2003 Volume 1, Number 4, 378-390 Software Design and Evaluation by Ergonomics Knowledge and Intelligent Design System (EKIDES) Dr.-Ing. Iwona Jastrzebska-Fraczek and Prof. Dr. rer.
More informationDOI /HORIZONS.B P38 UDC :519.8(497.6) COMBINED FUZZY AHP AND TOPSIS METHODFOR SOLVINGLOCATION PROBLEM 1
DOI 10.20544/HORIZONS.B.03.1.16.P38 UD 656.96:519.8(497.6) OMBINED FUZZY AHP AND TOPSIS METHODFOR SOLVINGLOATION PROBLEM 1 Marko Vasiljević 1, Željko Stević University of East Sarajevo Faculty of Transport
More informationColor-Based Classification of Natural Rock Images Using Classifier Combinations
Color-Based Classification of Natural Rock Images Using Classifier Combinations Leena Lepistö, Iivari Kunttu, and Ari Visa Tampere University of Technology, Institute of Signal Processing, P.O. Box 553,
More informationNPTEL Computer Science and Engineering Human-Computer Interaction
M4 L5 Heuristic Evaluation Objective: To understand the process of Heuristic Evaluation.. To employ the ten principles for evaluating an interface. Introduction: Heuristics evaluation is s systematic process
More informationThe Research on the Method of Process-Based Knowledge Catalog and Storage and Its Application in Steel Product R&D
The Research on the Method of Process-Based Knowledge Catalog and Storage and Its Application in Steel Product R&D Xiaodong Gao 1,2 and Zhiping Fan 1 1 School of Business Administration, Northeastern University,
More informationA new interaction evaluation framework for digital libraries
A new interaction evaluation framework for digital libraries G. Tsakonas, S. Kapidakis, C. Papatheodorou {gtsak, sarantos, papatheodor} @ionio.gr DELOS Workshop on the Evaluation of Digital Libraries Department
More informationChapter I. Introduction Excerpts from the Chapter
Introduction What is an Ergonomics Program? This document emphasizes the engineering aspects of ergonomics as a design and evaluation tool. However, it should be emphasized that ergonomics can and needs
More informationAggregation of Pentagonal Fuzzy Numbers with Ordered Weighted Averaging Operator based VIKOR
Volume 119 No. 9 2018, 295-311 ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu ijpam.eu Aggregation of Pentagonal Fuzzy Numbers with Ordered Weighted Averaging
More informationDevelopment of a Methodology for Simulating Seat Back Interaction Using Realistic Body Contours
Development of a Methodology for Simulating Seat Back Interaction Using Realistic Body Contours Jingwen Hu Matthew P. Reed Biosciences Group April 16, 2013 Introduction Dimensional mismatch between a seat
More informationSelection of Material Handling Equipment Using Fuzzy Axiomatic Design Principles
INFORMATICA, 2015, Vol. 26, No. 2, 259 282 259 2015 Vilnius University DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/informatica.2015.48 Selection of Material Handling Equipment Using Fuzzy Axiomatic Design Principles
More informationSimultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation Algorithm Combined with Neural Network and Fuzzy Simulation
.--- Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation Algorithm Combined with Neural Networ and Fuzzy Simulation Abstract - - - - Keywords: Many optimization problems contain fuzzy information. Possibility
More informationConcurrent Design in Software Development Based on Axiomatic Design
Concurrent Design in Software Development Based on xiomatic Design Ruihong Zhang 1, Jianzhong Cha, Yiping Lu Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, PR China. bstract. To shorten the lead-time of software,
More informationCALCULATION OF INFORMATION CONTENT IN AXIOMATIC DESIGN
Proceedings of ICD4 ICD-4- CLCULTION OF INFORMTION CONTENT IN XIOMTIC DESIGN Gwang-Sub Shin g.shin@samsung.com Sang-Il Yi mechanic99@ihanyang.ac.kr Gyung-Jin Park gjpark@hanyang.ac.kr Department of Mechanical
More informationRough Set Approaches to Rule Induction from Incomplete Data
Proceedings of the IPMU'2004, the 10th International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems, Perugia, Italy, July 4 9, 2004, vol. 2, 923 930 Rough
More informationA Distributed Co-operative Problem Solving Environment
A Distributed Co-operative Problem Solving Environment Mark Walkley, Jason Wood, and Ken Brodlie School of Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. {markw,jason,kwb}@comp.leeds.ac.uk http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk
More informationGeneralized Coordinates for Cellular Automata Grids
Generalized Coordinates for Cellular Automata Grids Lev Naumov Saint-Peterburg State Institute of Fine Mechanics and Optics, Computer Science Department, 197101 Sablinskaya st. 14, Saint-Peterburg, Russia
More informationWeb Applications Usability Testing With Task Model Skeletons
Web Applications Usability Testing With Task Model Skeletons Ivo Maly, Zdenek Mikovec, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Karlovo namesti 13, 121 35 Prague, Czech
More informationOPTIMIZATION, OPTIMAL DESIGN AND DE NOVO PROGRAMMING: DISCUSSION NOTES
OPTIMIZATION, OPTIMAL DESIGN AND DE NOVO PROGRAMMING: DISCUSSION NOTES MILAN ZELENY Introduction Fordham University, New York, USA mzeleny@fordham.edu Many older texts, with titles like Globally Optimal
More informationLIGHTWEIGHT DESIGN OF SEAT CUSHION EXTENSION MODULES USING THE PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC AND HCA-SIMP
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 9, Issue 5, May 2018, pp. 624 632, Article ID: IJMET_09_05_068 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=9&itype=5
More informationSELECTION OF AGRICULTURAL AIRCRAFT USING AHP AND TOPSIS METHODS IN FUZZY ENVIRONMENT
SELECTION OF AGRICULTURAL AIRCRAFT USING AHP AND TOPSIS METHODS IN FUZZY ENVIRONMENT Gabriel Scherer Schwening*, Álvaro Martins Abdalla** *EESC - USP, **EESC - USP Abstract Considering the difficulty and
More informationA Fuzzy AHP & Extent Analysis Based Approach for Commercial Software Evaluation
Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Operations Excellence and Service Engineering Orlando, Florida, USA, September 10-11, 2015 A Fuzzy AHP & Extent Analysis Based Approach for Commercial
More informationAssessment of Human Skills Using Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers
American Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 2015, 5(4): 111-116 DOI: 10.5923/j.ajcam.20150504.03 Assessment of Human Skills Using Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers Michael Gr. Voskoglou Department
More informationExponential Membership Functions in Fuzzy Goal Programming: A Computational Application to a Production Problem in the Textile Industry
American Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 2015, 5(1): 1-6 DOI: 10.5923/j.ajcam.20150501.01 Exponential Membership Functions in Fuzzy Goal Programming: A Computational Application to a Production
More informationCHAPTER 5 FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL
64 CHAPTER 5 FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL 5.1 Introduction Fuzzy logic is a soft computing tool for embedding structured human knowledge into workable algorithms. The idea of fuzzy logic was introduced by Dr. Lofti
More informationSelection of Best Web Site by Applying COPRAS-G method Bindu Madhuri.Ch #1, Anand Chandulal.J #2, Padmaja.M #3
Selection of Best Web Site by Applying COPRAS-G method Bindu Madhuri.Ch #1, Anand Chandulal.J #2, Padmaja.M #3 Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Gitam University, INDIA 1. binducheekati@gmail.com,
More informationA Unified Environment for Accessing a Suite of Accessibility Evaluation Facilities
A Unified Environment for Accessing a Suite of Accessibility Evaluation Facilities Nikolaos Partarakis 1, Constantina Doulgeraki 1, Margherita Antona 1, Theofanis Oikonomou 2, Nikolaos Kaklanis 2, Konstantinos
More informationTAGUCHI TECHNIQUES FOR 2 k FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL EXPERIMENTS
Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Volume 4 (200), 8 9 TAGUCHI TECHNIQUES FOR 2 k FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL EXPERIMENTS Nazan Danacıoğlu and F.Zehra Muluk Received 0: 0: 200 : Accepted 14: 06:
More informationWhy Fuzzy? Definitions Bit of History Component of a fuzzy system Fuzzy Applications Fuzzy Sets Fuzzy Boundaries Fuzzy Representation
Contents Why Fuzzy? Definitions Bit of History Component of a fuzzy system Fuzzy Applications Fuzzy Sets Fuzzy Boundaries Fuzzy Representation Linguistic Variables and Hedges INTELLIGENT CONTROLSYSTEM
More informationA NEW MULTI-CRITERIA EVALUATION MODEL BASED ON THE COMBINATION OF NON-ADDITIVE FUZZY AHP, CHOQUET INTEGRAL AND SUGENO λ-measure
A NEW MULTI-CRITERIA EVALUATION MODEL BASED ON THE COMBINATION OF NON-ADDITIVE FUZZY AHP, CHOQUET INTEGRAL AND SUGENO λ-measure S. Nadi a *, M. Samiei b, H. R. Salari b, N. Karami b a Assistant Professor,
More informationAn Efficient Algorithm for Computing Non-overlapping Inversion and Transposition Distance
An Efficient Algorithm for Computing Non-overlapping Inversion and Transposition Distance Toan Thang Ta, Cheng-Yao Lin and Chin Lung Lu Department of Computer Science National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu
More informationWEBUSE: AN APPROACH FOR WEB USABILITY EVALUATION
Published in the proceedings of 3rd Symposium on Production Research, Istanbul, Istanbul Culture University, April 19-20, 2003 WEBUSE: AN APPROACH FOR WEB USABILITY EVALUATION Alexander Nikov Fatih University,
More informationFuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications. Second, Revised Edition. H.-J. Zimmermann. Kluwer Academic Publishers Boston / Dordrecht/ London
Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications Second, Revised Edition H.-J. Zimmermann KM ff Kluwer Academic Publishers Boston / Dordrecht/ London Contents List of Figures List of Tables Foreword Preface Preface
More informationKNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT VIA DEVELOPMENT IN ACCOUNTING: THE CASE OF THE PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT VIA DEVELOPMENT IN ACCOUNTING: THE CASE OF THE PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT Tung-Hsiang Chou National Chengchi University, Taiwan John A. Vassar Louisiana State University in Shreveport
More informationBP Neural Network Evaluation Model Combined with Grey-Fuzzy Based on Included Angle Cosine
Sensors & Transducers 04 by IFSA Publishing, S. L. http://www.sensorsportal.com BP Neural Networ Evaluation Model Combined with Grey-Fuzzy Based on Included Angle Cosine * Dongxiao Niu, Yan Lu, Yanchao
More informationAcademic Reference Standards (ARS) for Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, B. Sc. Program
Academic Reference Standards (ARS) for Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, B. Sc. Program Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufya University MARCH 2015 1 st Edition Contents Introduction.....2
More informationThe Interestingness Tool for Search in the Web
The Interestingness Tool for Search in the Web e-print, Gilad Amar and Ran Shaltiel Software Engineering Department, The Jerusalem College of Engineering Azrieli POB 3566, Jerusalem, 91035, Israel iaakov@jce.ac.il,
More informationConstructing Empirical Models for Automatic Dialog Parameterization
Constructing Empirical Models for Automatic Dialog Parameterization Mikhail Alexandrov 1, Xavier Blanco 1, Natalia Ponomareva 2, and Paolo Rosso 2 1 Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain 2 Universidad
More informationIntroduction to Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy Systems Adel Nadjaran Toosi
Introduction to Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy Systems Adel Nadjaran Toosi Fuzzy Slide 1 Objectives What Is Fuzzy Logic? Fuzzy sets Membership function Differences between Fuzzy and Probability? Fuzzy Inference.
More informationSaudi Journal of Business and Management Studies. DOI: /sjbms ISSN (Print)
DOI: 10.21276/sjbms.2017.2.2.5 Saudi Journal of Business and Management Studies Scholars Middle East Publishers Dubai, United Arab Emirates Website: http://scholarsmepub.com/ ISSN 2415-6663 (Print ISSN
More informationAn Intelligent Priority Decision Making Algorithm for Competitive Operators in List-based Scheduling
IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.9 No.1, January 2009 81 An Intelligent Priority Decision Making Algorithm for Competitive Operators in List-based Scheduling Jun-yong
More informationA Fuzzy System for Adaptive Network Routing
A Fuzzy System for Adaptive Network Routing A. Pasupuleti *, A.V. Mathew*, N. Shenoy** and S. A. Dianat* Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, NY 14623, USA E-mail: axp1014@rit.edu Abstract In this
More informationA New Measure of the Cluster Hypothesis
A New Measure of the Cluster Hypothesis Mark D. Smucker 1 and James Allan 2 1 Department of Management Sciences University of Waterloo 2 Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval Department of Computer
More informationThe Effects of Touch Screen Virtual Keyboard Key Sizes on Typing Performance, Typing Biomechanics and Muscle Activity
The Effects of Touch Screen Virtual Keyboard Key Sizes on Typing Performance, Typing Biomechanics and Muscle Activity Jeong Ho Kim 1, Lovenoor S Aulck 2, Ornwipa Thamsuwan 3, Michael C Bartha 4, Christy
More informationA New Fuzzy Neural System with Applications
A New Fuzzy Neural System with Applications Yuanyuan Chai 1, Jun Chen 1 and Wei Luo 1 1-China Defense Science and Technology Information Center -Network Center Fucheng Road 26#, Haidian district, Beijing
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Ergonomics of human system interaction Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9241-210 First edition 2010-03-15 Ergonomics of human system interaction Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems Ergonomie de l'interaction homme système Partie
More informationBRANCH COVERAGE BASED TEST CASE PRIORITIZATION
BRANCH COVERAGE BASED TEST CASE PRIORITIZATION Arnaldo Marulitua Sinaga Department of Informatics, Faculty of Electronics and Informatics Engineering, Institut Teknologi Del, District Toba Samosir (Tobasa),
More informationPublished in: Proceedings of the Eighth Danish Human-Computer Interaction Research Symposium, 20th November 2008
Downloaded from vbn.aau.dk on: marts 26, 2019 Aalborg Universitet The WPU Project Jensen, Janne Jul; Skov, Mikael B.; Stage, Jan Published in: Proceedings of the Eighth Danish Human-Computer Interaction
More informationAutomatic Machinery Fault Detection and Diagnosis Using Fuzzy Logic
Automatic Machinery Fault Detection and Diagnosis Using Fuzzy Logic Chris K. Mechefske Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada N6A5B9
More informationCS-5200 Design Project
CS-5200 Design Project 20.3.2017 User testing Mika P. Nieminen Based on Sirpa Riihiaho Definition of Usability The extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with
More informationITFOOD: Indexing Technique for Fuzzy Object Oriented Database.
ITFOOD: Indexing Technique for Fuzzy Object Oriented Database. Priyanka J. Pursani, Prof. A. B. Raut Abstract: The Indexing Technique for Fuzzy Object Oriented Database Model is the extension towards database
More informationHeuristic evaluation of usability of public administration portal
Heuristic evaluation of usability of public administration portal Miloslav Hub, Věra Čapková Abstract This paper presents suggested methodologies of heuristics creation and heuristics application for usability
More informationRisk Factor Assessment of Software Usability Using Fuzzy-Analytic Hierarchy Process Method
JURNAL INFOTEL Informatics - Telecommunication - Electronics Website Jurnal : http://ejournal.st3telkom.ac.id/index.php/infotel Risk Factor Assessment of Software Usability Using Fuzzy-Analytic Hierarchy
More informationNew Optimal Load Allocation for Scheduling Divisible Data Grid Applications
New Optimal Load Allocation for Scheduling Divisible Data Grid Applications M. Othman, M. Abdullah, H. Ibrahim, and S. Subramaniam Department of Communication Technology and Network, University Putra Malaysia,
More informationMatt Quinn.
Matt Quinn matt.quinn@nist.gov Roles of AHRQ and NIST What s at Stake Current State of Usability in Certified EHRs Projects to Support Improved Usability Moving Forward June 7 NIST Workshop Questions NIST's
More informationMotion Capture and Its Application for Vehicle Ingress/Egress
Motion Capture and Its Application for Vehicle Ingress/Egress N. WANG*, G. GOMEZ-LEVI, K. KOZAK and J. WAN Research and Advanced Engineering, Ford Motor Company, USA Abstract Understanding how drivers
More information