HTML. IT Engineering I Instructor: Ali B. Hashemi

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1 HTML IT Engineering I Instructor: Ali B. Hashemi 1 1

2 What is HTML? Hypertext Markup Language Hypertext:Text with links to other documents A key technology for the Web A simple language for specifying document structure and content "page description language" Derived from the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) language system 2 2

3 What is Markup? Markup languages have special elements that mark formatting or semantics The marks are ASCII text "inserted" into the ASCII text representing document content Unlike programming languages, data is primary HTML An <emph>important</emph> concept LaTeX An {\em important} concept 3 3

4 HTML Markup (Tags) Simple start tag: <TITLE> End tag: </TITLE> Start tag with attributes: <body bgcolor=white> <body bgcolor="white" > 4 4

5 Tag and Element syntax (2) Tags are mostly case-insensitive exception: some attribute values End tags element-name is preceded by a slash / never have attributes 6 5

6 Practicing HTML! If you make a mistake in HTML you will not bomb or crash; your web page just won't look right. It is easy to correct the code. What do you need? A web browser Internet Explorer Mozilla FireFox SeaMonkey Opera A text editor Notepad Notepad++ UltraEdit 7 6

7 HTML Structure Minimal legal HTML document: <html> <head> <title> Test Document</title> </head> <body> <! This is a comment Content goes here --> </body> </html> 8 7

8 HTML has two parts HEAD: Information about the document TITLE: appears in title bar META: description of your page <meta name="description" content="free Web tutorials on HTML"> This meta element defines keywords for your page: <meta name="keywords" content="html,xml,javascript"> Other <META NAME="ROBOTS" CONTENT="NOINDEX, NOFOLLOW"> BODY: visible content of document For now: we ignore scripts and frames Two kinds: block structure phrase structure 9 8

First HTML Example 1 2 3 4 5 <!-- Fig. 4.1: main.html --> 6 <!

9 First HTML Example  6  7 8 <html> 9 <head> 10 <title>internet and WWW How to Program - Welcome</title> 11 </head> <body> 14 <p>welcome to XHTML!</p> 15 </body> 16 </html> 10 9

10 Headers/Headings Headers/Headings Six levels (H1 H6) <h1>most major heading</h1> <h2>next level heading</h2> <h3>next level heading</h3> <h4>next level heading</h4> <h5>next level heading</h5> <h6>least major heading</h6> 11 10

Headers/Headings (example) 1 2 3 4 5 <!-- Fig. 4.4: header.html --> 6 <!-- XHTML headers --> 7 8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.

11 Headers/Headings (example)  6  7 8 <html xmlns = " 9 <head> 10 <title>internet and WWW How to Program - Headers</title> 11 </head> <body> <h1>level 1 Header</h1> 16 <h2>level 2 header</h2> 17 <h3>level 3 header</h3> 18 <h4>level 4 header</h4> 19 <h5>level 5 header</h5> 20 <h6>level 6 header</h6> </body> 23 </html> 12 11

12 Linking Anchor <a>: basis of hypertext links defines a section of linkable material <HREF>: URL of link target Example <a href=" > A Link to Somewhere Else </a> 13 12

13  6  7 8 <html > 9 <head> 10 <title>internet and WWW How to Program - Links</title> 11 </head> <body> <h1>here are my favorite sites</h1> <p><strong>click a name to go to that page.</strong></p>  20 <p><a href = " <p><a href = " Hall</a></p> <p><a href = "

14 15 14

15  6  7 8 <html> 9 <head> 10 <title>internet and WWW How to Program - Contact Page</title> 11 </head> <body> <p> 16 My address is 17 <a href = "mailto:deitel@deitel.com"> 18 deitel@deitel.com 19 </a> 20. Click the address and your browser will 21 open an message and address it to me. 22 </p> 23 </body> 24 </html> 16 15

16 17 16

17 Lists Lists Simple lists all use "list items" <LI> (end optional) Unordered lists <UL></UL> Ordered lists <OL></OL> Description lists Description list <Dl> Description text <DT> Description data <DD> Lists of all types may be nested -- Don t forget the end tags! 18 17

18  6  7 8 <html> 9 <head> 10 <title>internet and WWW How to Program - Links</title> 11 </head> <body> <h1>here are my favorite sites</h1> <p><strong>click on a name to go to that page.</strong></p>  20 <ul>  23 <li><a href = " <li><a href = "

26 27 <li><a href = "http://www.yahoo.com">yahoo!

19 26 27 <li><a href = " <li><a href = " 30 </ul> 31 </body> 32 </html> 20 19

20  6  7 8 <html> 9 <head> 10 <title>internet and WWW How to Program - Lists</title> 11 </head> <body> <h1>the Best Features of the Internet</h1>  18 <ul> 19 <li>you can meet new people from countries around 20 the world.</li> 21 <li> 22 You have access to new media as it becomes public:

21 24  25  26  27 <ul> 28 <li>new games</li> 29 <li> 30 New applications  33 <ol> 34 <li>for business</li> 35 <li>for pleasure</li> 36 </ol> 37 </li> <li>around the clock news</li> 40 <li>search engines</li> 41 <li>shopping</li> 42 <li> 43 Programming  46 <ol> 47 <li>xml</li> 48 <li>java</li> 22 21

22 49 <li>xhtml</li> 50 <li>scripts</li> 51 <li>new languages</li> 52 </ol> </li> </ul>  57 </li> <li>links</li> 60 <li>keeping in touch with old friends</li> 61 <li>it is the technology of the future!</li> </ul>  </body> 66 </html> 23 22

23 Ordered+Unordered lists 24 23

24 Block Structure Paragraph: <p> (end optional) <BR> forced line break <HR> horizontal rule <PRE> preformatted text Preserves spaces and line breaks 25 24

25 Presentation Phrase Structure Whitespace is collapsed Font changes Bold <B>, italic <I>, Teletype text <TT> <FONT> specifies font to use, deprecated <font size="3" color="red"> This is some text! </font> <font size="1" color="blue"> This is some text! </font> This is some text! This is some text! <font face="arial" color="red"> This is some text! </font> Emphasis <EM>, <STRONG>, <CODE>, etc. Subscripts <SUB> and superscripts <SUP> This is some text! 26 25

26 Images Images <IMG> SRC attribute: URL of image ALT attribute: alternative text Example: <IMG SRC= "martian.gif" WIDTH=100 HEIGHT=100 ALT="Martian" > 27 26

27  6  7 8 <html> 9 <head> 10 <title>internet and WWW How to Program - Welcome</title> 11 </head> <body> <p> 16 <img src = "xmlhtp.jpg" height = "238" width = "183" 17 alt = "XML How to Program book cover" /> 18 <img src = "jhtp.jpg" height = "238" width = "183" 19 alt = "Java How to Program book cover" /> 20 </p> 21 </body> 22 </html> 28 27

28 29 28

29 Tables <TABLE>: Intended for display of tabular data Widely used for formatting control <TR>: table row <TD>: table data (individual cell data) <TH>: Table Header cell in a table. usually bold

30 Frame Example (Cont d) 32 30

31 Framesets and Frames display more than one Web page/html document in the same browser window. The browser window is divided into multiple regions, or frames Each frame displays a unique web page Each frame is independent of the others 33 31

32 Frame Example <HTML> <HEAD> <title> The first frames page</title> </HEAD> <FRAMESET rows =20%,60%,20%> <FRAME NAME = mytopframe" SRC="top.html"> <FRAME NAME = mymiddleframe" SRC="middle.html"> <FRAME NAME = mybottomframe" SRC="bottom.html"> </FRAMESET> </HTML> 34 32

33 Frames (cont.) FRAMESET elements define a collection of frames A 2x2 grid. <FRAMESET rows="80%,20%" cols="20%,80%" > Three columns: the second has a fixed width of 250 pixels (useful, for example, to hold an image with a known size). The first receives 25% of the remaining space and the third 75% of the remaining space. <FRAMESET cols="1*,250,3*">...the rest of the definition... </FRAMESET> FRAME elements specify the source of each frame s content in left-to-right, top-to-bottom order 35 33

34 More complex frames 36 34

35 Linking in frames Each frame may contain hyperlinks Each hyperlink can be targeted to different frame or a new window <a href="foo.html" target="myframe myframe"> _blank opens a new, unnamed window _self opens the link in the current frame (default) _top opens the link in the full, unframed browser window (throws you out of the frameset) _parent opens the link in the immediate frameset parent (calling frame) 37 35

36 Can you design Google page? 38 36

37 HTML Forms <form> : just another kind of HTML tag HTML forms are used to create (rather primitive) GUIs on Web pages Purpose: to ask the user for information to sent back to the server A form is an area that can contain form elements Example <form parameters>...form elements... </form> 39 37

38 HTML Forms Form elements: buttons, checkboxes, text fields, radio buttons, drop-down down menus. A form usually contains a Submit button Submit button to send the information in the form elements to the server 40 38

39 The <form> tag (1) The <form arguments>... </form> tag encloses form elements (and probably other HTML as well) The arguments to form tell what to do with the user input action="url url" (required) Specifies where to send the data when the Submit button is clicked 41 39

40 The <form> tag (2) method="get get" (default) Form data is sent as a URL with?form_data info appended to the end Limitation? method="post post" Form data is sent in the body of the URL request 42 40

41 The <form> tag (3) target="target target" where to open the page sent as a result of the request target= _blank open in a new window target= _top use the same window 43 41

42 Understanding data encoding name/value pairs reserved set of characters for separators + for space & for separating pairs hexadecimal encoding first=ali&last=hashemi&simple=submit+name 44 42

43 Transporting data: GET method GET Simple, default method Limit of 1024 chars for the URL Only a limited information can be transmitted in this way. Appends encoded data to the URI Search IT Engineeing in google: Advantage: you can bookmark the form 45 43

44 Transporting data: POST method POST The data is sent in the body of the http request. Thus it can be as long as you want

45 The <input> tag Most, but not all form elements <input >, with a type="..." argument to tell which kind of element it is. type can be text, checkbox, radio, password, hidden, submit, reset, button, file, or image Other common input tag arguments include: name: the name of the element value: the "value" of the element 47 45

46 Text, Textarea,, password A text field: <input type="text" name="textfield" value="with an initial value" > A multi-line text field <textarea name="textarea" cols="24" rows="2" >Hello</textarea> A password field: <input type="password" name="textfield3" value="secret" > 48 46

47 Buttons A submit button: <input type="submit" name= mysubmit" value="submit" > A reset button: <input type="reset" name= myreset" value="reset" > A plain button: <input type="button" name= mypushmebutton" value="push Me" > 49 47

48 Checkboxes A checkbox: <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox" value= val1" checked> type: "checkbox" name: used to reference this form element value: value to be returned when element is checked Note that there is no text associated with the checkbox you have to supply text in the surrounding HTML 50 48

49 Radio buttons Radio buttons: <br> <input type="radio" name="radiobutton" value="myvalue1" > male<br> <input type="radio" name="radiobutton" value="myvalue2" checked > female grouping If two or more radio buttons have the same name, the user can only select one of them at a time As with checkboxes, radio buttons do not contain any text 51 49

50 Drop-down menu or list A menu or list: <select name="select" > <option value="ff0000"> red </option> <option value="008000"> green</option> <option value="0000ff"> blue </option> </select> Additional arguments: 52 size: the number of items visible in the list (d f lt i "1") red green red green blue 50

51 Hidden fields A hidden field: <input type="hidden" name="hiddenfield" value="yeyeyeyeye" > < -- right there, don t you see it? What good is this? All input fields are sent back to the server, including hidden fields This is a way to include information that the user doesn t need to see 53 51

52 A complete example <html> <head> <title> Get Identity </title> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso " > </head> <body> <p><b> Who are you? </b></p> <form method="post" action=" " > <p> Name: <input type="text" name="textfield" > </p> <p> Gender: <input type="radio" name="gender" value="m" >Male <input type="radio" name="gender" value="f" >Female</p> </form> </body> </html> 54 52

53 A form! <html> <head> <title>feedback Form</title> </head> <body bgcolor="#ffffff"> <h1>feedback Form</h1> <form method="get" enctype="text/plain"> Name: <input type="text" name="name" size="30" /><br /> Please rate my site from 1 to 10 (1 = bad and 10 = good): <br /> <select name="rating"><br /> <option>1</option> <option>2</option> <option>3</option> <option>4</option> <option>5</option> <option>6</option> <option>7</option> <option>8</option> <option>9</option> <option selected>10</option> </select><br /> How would you suggest I improve it?<br /> <textarea name="improve" rows="5" cols="30"></textarea><br /> <input type="submit" value="send Feedback" /> <input type="reset" /> </form> </body> </html> 55 53

54 META Tag Used in HEAD: This meta element defines a description of your page: <meta name="description" content="free Web tutorials on HTML"> This meta element defines keywords for your page: <meta name="keywords" content="html,xml,javascript"> Automatically refresh a page to the most current version, or change to another page entirely after a set number of seconds: <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5; url=newurl.html"> Other <META NAME="ROBOTS" CONTENT="NOINDEX, NOFOLLOW"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="expires" CONTENT="Wed, 26 Feb :21:57 GMT"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=utf-8 "> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Language" CONTENT="en-GB"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Language" CONTENT="fa"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Set-Cookie" CONTENT="cookievalue=xxx;expires=Friday, 31-Dec :59:59 GMT; path=/"> 56 54

HTML HTML. What is HTML? What is Markup? HTML Markup (Tags) Hypertext Markup Language

HTML HTML. What is HTML? What is Markup? HTML Markup (Tags) Hypertext Markup Language HTML IT Engineering I Instructor: Ali B. Hashemi What is HTML? Hypertext Markup Language Hypertext:Text with links to other documents A key technology for the Web A simple language for specifying document