Learn Windows PowerShell 3 in a Month of Lunches

Transcription

1 Learn Windows PowerShell 3 in a Month of Lunches Second Edition DON JONES JEFFERY HICKS 11 MANN I NG Shelter Island

2 contents preface xx'ii about this booh author online xx xix about the authors acknowledgments xxii xxv Before you begin Why you can't afford to ignore PowerShell Is this book for you? How to use this book Setting up your lab environment Installing 1.6 Online resources 7 Windows PowerShell Being immediately effective with PowerShell 8 Meet PowerShell Choose your weapon 9 The console window 11 The Integrated Scripting Environment (ISE) It's typing class all over again Common points of confusion 16 vii

3 viii 2.4 What version is this? Lab Further exploration 19 Using the help system The help system: how you discover commands Updatable help Asking for help Using help to find commands Interpreting the help 26 Parameter sets and common parameters 26 * Optional and mandator parameters 27 Positional parameters 28 Parameter values 30 Finding command examples Accessing "about" topics Accessing online help Lab 34 Running commands Not scripting, but running commands The anatomy of a command The cmdlet naming convention Aliases: nicknames for commands Taking shortcuts 40 Truncating names parameter 40* Parameter name aliases 41 Positional parameters Cheating, a bit: Show-Command Support for external commands Dealing with errors Common points of confusion Lab 48 Typing cmdlet names 47* Typing parameters 47 Working ivith providers What are providers? How the filesystem is organized How the filesystem is like other data stores 53

4 ix 5.4 Navigating the filesystem Using wildcards and literal paths Working with other providers Lab Further exploration 60 The pipeline: connecting commands Connect one command to another: less work for you Exporting to a CSV or an XML file 62 Exporting to CSV 63 Exporting to XML 64 Comparingfiles Piping to a file or a printer Converting to HTML Using cmdlets that modify the system: killing processes and stopping services Common points of confusion Lab 72 Adding commands How one shell can do everything About product-specific "management shells" Extensions: finding and adding snap-ins Extensions: finding and adding modules Command conflicts and removing extensions Playing with a new module Profile scripts: preloading extensions when the shell starts Common points of confusion Lab 84 Objects: data by another name What are objects? Why PowerShell uses objects Discovering objects: Get-Member Object attributes, or "properties" Object actions, or "methods" 90

5 X 8.6 Sorting objects Selecting the properties you want Objects until the end Common points of confusion Lab 95 The pipeline, deeper The pipeline: enabling power with less typing How PowerShell passes data down the pipeline Plan A: pipeline input ByValue Plan B: pipeline input ByPropertyName When things don't line up: custom properties Parenthetical commands Extracting the value from a single property Lab Further exploration 118 Formatting and why it's done on the right Formatting: making what you see prettier About the default formatting Formatting tables FormattingTists Formatting wide Custom columns and list entries Coing out: to a file, a printer, or the host Another out: GridViews Common points of confusion 130 Always formal right 130 One type of object at a lime, l>leas<> Lab Further exploration 133 Filtering and comparisons Making the shell give you just what you need Filter left 135

6 xi 11.3 Comparison operators Filtering objects out of the pipeline The iterative command-line model Common points of confusion 140 Filler left, please 141 * When $_ is allowed Lab Further exploration 142 A practical 12.1 Defining 12.2 Finding interlude 143 the task 143 the commands Learning to use the commands Tips for teaching yourself Lab 150 Remote control: one to one, and one to many The idea behind remote PowerShell WinRM overview Using Enter-PSSession and Exit-PSSession for one-to-one remoting Using Invoke-Command for one-to-many remoting Differences between remote and local commands 161 Invoke-Command versus -ComputerName 161 Loral versus remote processing 162 Deserialized objects But wait, there's more Remote options Common points of confusion Lab Further exploration 168 Using Windows Management 14.1 WMI essentials The bad news about WMI Exploring WMI 172 Instrumentation Choose your weapon: WMI or CIM Using Get-WmiObject 176

7 xii 14.6 Using Get-Cimlnstance WMI documentation Common of points confusion Lab Further exploration 181 Multitasking with background jobs Making PowerShcll do multiple things at the same time Synchronous versus asynchronous Creating a local job WMI, as a job Remoting, as a job Gettingjob results Working with child jobs Commands for managingjobs Scheduledjobs Common points of confusion Lab 195 Working with many objects, one at a time Automation for mass management The preferred way: "batch" cmdlets The WMI way: invoking WMI methods The backup plan: enumerating objects Common points of confusion 206 Which way is the right way? 207 WMI methods versus cmdlets 208 Method documentation 208 ForEach-Object confusion Lab 210 Security alert! Keeping the shell secure Windows PowerShell security goals Execution policy and code signing 213 Execution policy settings 213' Digital code signing 216

8 xiii 17.4 Other security measures Other security holes? Security recommendations Lab 221 Variables: a place to store your stuff Introduction to variables Storing values in variables Using variables: fun tricks with quotes Storing many objects in a variable 227 Working with single objects in a variable 228 * Working with multiple objects in a variable 229 Other ways to work with multiple objects 230 Unrolling Properties and Methods in PmuerShrM v More tricks with double quotes Declaring a variable's type Commands for working with variables Variable best practices Common points of confusion Lab Further exploration 237 Input and output Prompting for, and displaying, information Read-Host Write-Host Write-Output O th e r ways to wri te Lab Further exploration 246 Sessions: remote control with less work Making PowerShell remoting a bit easier Creating and using reusable sessions Using sessions with Enter-PSSession Using sessions with Invoke-Command 251

9 xiv 20.5 Implicit remoting: importing a session Disconnected sessions Lab Further exploration 256 You call this scripting? Not programming, more like batch files Making commands repeatable Parameterizing commands Creating a parameterized script Documenting your script One script, one pipeline A quick look at scope Lab 268 Improving your parameterized script Starting point Getting PowerShell to do the hard work Making parameters mandatory Adding parameter aliases Validating parameter input Adding the warm and fuzzies with verbose output Lab 277 Advanced remoting configuration Using other endpoints Creating custom endpoints 279 Creating Ihe session configuration 280 Registering the session Enabling multihop remoting Digging deeper into remoting authentication Lab 286 Defaultsfor mutual authentication 285 Mutual authentication via SSI. 285' Mutual authentication via TrustedHosts 285

10 xv Using regular expressions to parse text files The purpose of regular expressions A regex syntax primer Using regex with -Match Using regex with Select-String Lab Further exploration 293 Additional random tips, tricks, and techniques Profiles, prompts, and colors: customizing the shell 294 PowerShell profiles 294 Customizing the prompt 296 Tweaking colors Operators: -as, -is, -replace, -join, -split, -in, -contains 298 -as and -is 298 -replace 299 -join and -split 299 -contains and -in String manipulation Date manipulation Dealing with WMI dates Setting default parameter values Playing with script blocks More tips, tricks, and techniques 307 Using someone else's script The script It's a line-by-line examination Lab 313 Never the end Ideas for further exploration "Now that I've read the book, where do I start?" Other resources you'll grow to love 318 PowerShell cheat sheet Punctuation Help file 322

11 xvi 28.3 Operators Custom property and column syntax Pipeline parameter input When to use $_ 325 appendix Review labs 326 index 333