Linux 系统介绍 (I) 袁华
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1 Linux 系统介绍 (I) 袁华
2 Linux 起源 2/27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用 -02 2
3 Linux kernel v0.01 2/27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用 -02 3
4 How to login Host name: globalchange.bnu.edu.cn Port: 7712 名户名 / 密码发邮件给大家 For Windows: 使用 Putty 命令终端登录,WinSCP 拷贝文件,Xming 转发图形窗口 For Linux/Mac: 在 Terminal 终端下, 使用 ssh 命令登录,scp 拷贝文件 ssh -Y username@globalchange.bnu.edu.cn -p /27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用 -02 4
5 登录主机信息 First login 允许图形转发 2/27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用 -02 5
6 First login 2/27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用 -02 6
7 ls: List information about files Navigation ls [Options]... [File]... -a list all entries including those starting with a dot -h print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G) -r reverse order while sorting -t sort by modification time -1 list one file per line --color control whether color is used to distinguish file types. WHEN can be `never', `always', or `auto' 2/27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用 -02 7
8 cd: Change Directory Navigation cd [Options] [Directory] Some special directories: ~ : home folder - : previous folder.. : move up one folder. : current folder 2/27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用 -02 8
9 pwd: Print Working Directory Navigation pwd [-LP] -P the pathname printed will not contain symbolic links -L the pathname printed can contain symbolic links 2/27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用 -02 9
10 System info hostname: Print or set system name. $hostname uname: Print system information. $uname -a df: Disk Free - display free disk space. $df -h du: Disk Usage. $du -hc --max-depth=1 free: Display memory usage. $free h w: try by yourself to see what happens 2/27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用
11 Manipulating files and dirs cp: Copy one or more files to another location cp [options]... Source Dest cp [options]... Source... Directory -f remove existing destinations, never prompt -i prompt before overwrite -r copy recursively, non-directories as files -u copy only when the SOURCE file is newer than the destination file or when the destination file is missing -v explain what is being done 2/27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用
12 Manipulating files and dirs mv: Move or rename files or directories mv [options]... Source Dest mv [options]... Source... Directory -f remove existing destinations, never prompt -i prompt before overwrite -u copy only when the SOURCE file is newer than the destination file or when the destination file is missing -v explain what is being done 2/27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用
13 rm: Remove files Manipulating files and dirs rm [options]... file... -f ignore nonexistent files, never prompt -i prompt before every removal -r remove directories and their contents recursively -v explain what is being done 2/27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用
14 Manipulating files and dirs touch: Change file timestamps, change the access and/or modification times of the specified files. mkdir: Create new folder(s), if they do not already exist. mkdir [Options] folder... -p no error if existing, make parent directories as needed 2/27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用
15 ln: Make links between files Manipulating files and dirs ln [OPTION]... [-T] OriginalSourceFile NewLinkFile (1st form) ln [OPTION]... OriginalSourceFile (2nd form) ln [OPTION]... OriginalSourceFile... DIRECTORY (3rd form) ln [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY OriginalSourceFile... (4th form) -f remove existing destination files -s make symbolic links instead of hard links 2/27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用
16 View files cat: Concatenate and print (display) the content of files more/less: Display output one screen at a time head/tail: Output the first/last part of files. $head n 10 filename 2/27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用
17 Compare files cmp: Compare two files, and if they differ, tells the first byte and line number where they differ. diff: Display the differences between two files 2/27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用
18 Compress and decompress tar: Store, list or extract files in an archive tar [[-]function] [options] filenames... tar [[-]function] [options] -C directory-name... -c Create a new archive (or truncate an old one) and write the named files to it -t list the contents of an archive -x extract files from an archive -f use archive file or device ARCHIVE -j filter the archive through bzip2 -v verbosely list files processed -z filter the archive through gzip 2/27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用
19 mount: Mount a file system Mount USB mount [-fnrsvw] [-t vfstype] [-o options] device dir -t vfat for fat32 format -t ntfs-3g list the contents of an archive 2/27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用
20 Write a meggage write: Send a message to another user. write user [ttyname] mesg y - Allow write access to your terminal mesg n - Disallow write access to your terminal 2/27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用
21 Help man: Help manual $command -h, --help $whatis [command] $apropos [command] Tab 键 : 命令补全 $which [command] $whereis [command or file] $locate [filename] 2/27/2017 大气科学软件基础与应用
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