without installation to a hard disk, derived from Debian istribution based on and compatible with Ubuntu.

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1 EX.NO:1 LINUX INSTALLATION DATE: Open-source software (OSS) is computer software that is available in source code form for which the source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that permits users to study, change, and improve the software. Open source licenses meet the requirements of the Open Source Definition. Some open source software is available within the public domain. Open source software is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Open-source software is the most prominent example of open-source development and often compared to (technically defined) user-generated content or (legally defined) open content movements. The term open-source software originated as part of a marketing campaign for free software. Popular distributions: Well-known Linux distributions include: CentOS, a distribution derived from the same sources used by Red Hat, maintained by a dedicated volunteer community of developers with both 100% Red Hatcompatible versions and an upgraded version that is not always 100% upstream compatible Debian, a non-commercial distribution maintained by a volunteer developer community with a strong commitment to free software principles Gentoo, a distribution targeted at power users, known for its FreeBSD Ports-like automated system for compiling applications from source code without installation to a hard disk, derived from Debian istribution based on and compatible with Ubuntu. the French company of the same name. which is a derivative of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, maintained and commercially supported by Oracle.

2 community-spawned desktop distribution. commercially supported by Red Hat. actively maintained by Patrick J. Volkerding. supported by Novell. by Canonical Ltd.. desktop distro Ubuntu. Commonly used by Linux users that wish to have the function of a bigger distro such as Ubuntu or opensuse with the speed of a smaller distro. DistroWatch attempts to include every known distribution of Linux, whether currently active or not; it also maintains a ranking of distributions based on page views, as a measure of relative popularity. Programming language support: an implementation of Common Lisp for the JVM diagrams ArgoUML is a modelling tool that helps you design using UML a Common Lisp interpreter and bytecode-compiler a Lisp (not Scheme nor Common Lisp) targeting the JVM DJGPP a 32-bit DOS port of GCC and other GNU utilities newlisp based web development framework an Common Lisp implementation designed for integration with C - a general-purpose concurrent programming language and runtime system graphics command line and stack system for data acquisition and analysis and

3 a set of compilers for multiple programming languages and platforms, including oc oc++ oobjective-c oada ojava opascal ofortran compiler for the xbase superset language often referred to as Clipper Java compiler Optimizing compiler toolkit oclang NSCA licensed LLVM compiler frontend for C/C++ and Objective-C Derivative of Lisp without parenthesis, for kids, with Turtle Graphics - a lightweight, reflective, imperative and procedural language, designed as a scripting language with extensible semantics as a primary goal. Windows port of +GCC the ECMA/ISO standards Multi-platform.NET implementation (C#) based on simulator for MMIXAL language and MMIX processor a practical and fast functional OO language a compiler-based object-relational mapping (ORM) system for C++

4 language code an open source implementation of the COBOL programming Sun's Java Development Kit based completely on free and open source a language for dynamic website creation Perl a programming language strong on text processing a scripting language designed for web site applications a BSD licensed C compiler g - a visual programming language based on Java Logic programming a high-level scripting language - a functional programming language - an interpreted programming language a JVM-based JavaScript engine a high-level scripting language oruby on Rails Ruby-based web development framework a high-performance Common Lisp implementation C/C++ JavaScript engine of the Mozilla project a software modeling tool a high-level scripting language with a graphical toolkit - a visual, drag and drop web development platform based on Java and Spring/Hibernate. INTRODUCTION TO LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM Linux refers to the family of Unix-like computer operating systems using the Linux kernel. Linux can be installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, ranging from mobile phones, tablet computers and video game consoles, to mainframes and supercomputers. Linux is a leading server operating system, and runs the 10 fastest supercomputers in the world. Use of

5 Linux by end-users or consumers has increased in recent years, partly owing to the popular Ubuntu, Fedora, and opensuse distributions and the emergence of netbooks with preinstalled Linux systems and smartphones running embedded Linux. The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration; typically all the underlying source code can be used, freely modified, and redistributed, both commercially and non-commercially, by anyone under licenses such as the GNU General Public License. Typically Linux is packaged in a format known as a Linux distribution for desktop and server use. Linux distributions include the Linux kernel and all of the supporting software required to run a complete system, such as utilities and libraries, the X Window System, the GNOME and KDE desktop environments, and the Apache HTTP Server. Commonly used applications with desktop Linux systems include the Mozilla Firefox web-browser, the OpenOffice.org office application suite and the GIMP image editor. The name "Linux" comes from the Linux kernel, originally written in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. The main supporting user space system tools and libraries from the GNU Project (announced in 1983 by Richard Stallman) are the basis for the Free Software Foundation's preferred name GNU/Linux. STANDARD INSTALLATION OF FEDORA 14 Fedora is an RPM-based, general purpose collection of software including an operating system based on the Linux kernel, developed by the community-supported Fedora Project and sponsored by Red Hat. The Fedora Project's mission is to lead the advancement of free and open source software and content as a collaborative community. One of Fedora's main objectives is not only to contain software distributed under a free and open source license, but also to be on the leading edge of such technologies. Fedora developers prefer to make upstream changes instead of applying fixes specifically for Fedora this ensures that their updates are available to all Linux distributions. In 2008, Linus Torvalds, author of the Linux kernel, started that he used Fedora because it had fairly good support for the PowerPC processor architecture which he favored at the time. Fedora Features There are some really neat, new features in Fedora that do work well. they're going to be more exiting for system administrators and developers than they are someone just running Fedora at home. Easily the most important of these is the arrival of of Simple Protocol for Independent Computing Environment (SPICE). This is a desktop presentation service protocol, like Microsoft's RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) and Citrix's ICA (Independent Computing Architecture), that you use to run thin-client desktops. SPICE will let you support remote desktops from a Fedora server, and eventually a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) server. Each remote desktop will run as a Kernel Virtual Machine (KVM).

6 SPICE is being very useful in schools or anywhere that needs centralized control or inexpensive desktops. It may prove a new and interesting way to get users on a Linux "desktop." Fedora also includes a new interface: MeeGo. This is the interface for the MeeGo operating system, which is meant for netbooks, Mobile Internet Devices (MID) and embedded devices. While not as well known or as mature as Android, MeeGo shows great promise. By making it available on Fedora, developers can develop applications for MeeGo. Distribution Package Kit, the default package manager front-end on Fedora The Fedora Project distributes Fedora in several different ways: shipping; a DVD or CD set of all major Fedora packages at time of CD or DVD sized images that can be used to create a Live CD or boot from a USB flash drive and optionally install to a hard disk; used for installing over HTTP, FTP or NFS. The Fedora Project also distributes custom variations of Fedora which are called Fedora spins. These are built from a specific set of software packages and have a combination of software to meet the requirements of a specific kind of end user. Fedora spins are developed by several Fedora special interest groups. It is also possible to create Live USB versions of Fedora using Fedora Live USB creator. Fedora Core: Fedora Core 1 was the first version of Fedora and was released on November 6, It was codenamed Yarrow. Fedora Core 1 was based on Red Hat Linux 9 and shipped with version of the Linux kernel, version 2.4 of the GNOME desktop environment, and K Desktop Environment 3.1. Fedora Core 2 was released on May 18, 2004, codenamed Tettnang. It shipped with Linux 2.6, GNOME 2.6, KDE 3.2, and SELinux. XFree86 was replaced by the newer X.org, a merger of the previous official X11R6 release, which additionally included a number of updates to Xrender, Xft, Xcursor, fontconfig libraries, and other significant improvements. Fedora Core 3 was released on November 8, 2004, codenamed Heidelberg. This was the first release of Fedora Core to include the Mozilla Firefox web browser, as well as support for the Indic languages. Fedora Core 3 shipped with GNOME 2.8 and KDE 3.3. It was the first release to include the new Fedora Extras repository. Fedora Core 4 was released on June 13, 2005, with the codename Stentz. It shipped with Linux , KDE 3.4 and GNOME This version introduced the new Clearlooks theme.

7 It also shipped with the OpenOffice.org 2.0 office suite, as well as Xen, a high performance and secure open source virtualization framework. Fedora Core 5 was released on March 20, 2006, with the codename Bordeaux, and introduced the Fedora Bubbles artwork.it was the first Fedora release to include Mono and tools built with it such as Beagle, F-Spot and Tomboy. It also introduced new package management tools such as pup and pirut (see Yellowdog Updater, Modified). Fedora Core 6 was released on October 24, 2006, codenamed Zod. This release introduced the Fedora DNA artwork, replacing the Fedora Bubbles artwork used in Fedora Core 5. This version introduced support for the Compiz compositing window manager and AIGLX. Fedora 7, codenamed Moonshine, was released on May 31, The biggest difference between Fedora Core 6 and Fedora 7 was the merging of the Red Hat "Core" and Community "Extras" repositories, and the new build system put in place to manage those packages. Fedora 7 featured GNOME 2.18 and KDE 3.5, a new theme entitled Flying High, OpenOffice.org 2.2 and Firefox 2.0. Fast user switching was fully integrated and enabled by default. Also, there were a number of updates to SELinux. Fedora 8, codenamed Werewolf, was released on November 8, Some of the new features and updates in Fedora 8 included: -config-firewall Fedora 8 also included a new desktop artwork entitled Infinity, and a new desktop theme called Nodoka. A unique feature of Infinity is that the wallpaper can change during the day to reflect the time of day. Fedora 9, codenamed Sulphur, was released on May 13, Some of the new features of Fedora 9 included: laced IcedTea.

8 Fedora 9 featured a new artwork entitled Waves which, like Infinity in Fedora 8, changes the wallpaper to reflect the time of day. Fedora 10, codenamed Cambridge, was released on November 25, It flaunts the new Solar artwork. Its features include: Fedora 11, codenamed Leonidas, was released on June 9, This was the first release whose artwork is determined by the name instead of by users voting on themes. Some of the features in Fedora 11 are: - support for systems with fingerprint readers Fedora 12, codenamed Constantine, was released on November 17, Some of the features in Fedora 12 are: rtualization enhancements (KVM, libvirt, libguestfs)

9 Fedora 13, codenamed Goddard, was released on May 25, During early development, Fedora project-leader Paul Frields anticipated "looking at the fit and finish issues. We have tended to build a really tight ship with Fedora, but now we want to make the décor in the cabins a little more sumptuous and to polish the deck chairs and railings." Features of Fedora 13 include: -driver & Automatic language pack installation -account tool -line interface for NetworkManager Fedora 14, codenamed Laughlin, was released on November 2, Features of Fedora 14 include: -v2v tool s releases

10 Basic Installation Steps: 1.Boot from the DVD. 2. Skip the media test by pressing the tab and return keys on the keyboard.

11 3.Click the "Next" button on the welcome screen. 4. Select the appropriate language, then click the "Next" button.

12 5.Select the appropriate keyboard layout, then click the "Next" button. 6.When prompted, click the "Re-initialize drive" button.

13 7.When prompted, click the "Re-initialize" button. 8.Enter a fully qualified hostname, then click the "Next" button.

14 9.Select the appropriate timezone by clicking on the nearest city on the map, then click the "Next" button. 10.Enter the root password, then click the "Next" button.

15 11.Select the "Use All Space" option, uncheck the "Encrypt system" option and check the "Review and modify partitioning layout" option, then click the "Next" button.

16 12.The current partitioning layout is presented. If the OS is to be used for an Oracle installation, make sure the swap partition is at least 2G (2048M) in size. Once you are happy with the partition structure, click the "Next" button followed by the "Format" and "Write changes to disk "button.

17 13.Accept the default boot loader settings by clicking the "Next" button. 14.Select the appropriate packages to install and check all three additional repositories.

18 15.Selecting the repositories will require you to enter your network configuration. Select the appropriate network interface, highlight the "System eth0" adapter and click the "Edit" button. Click on the the "IPv4 Settings" tab, select the appropriate method and enter the required information. When complete, click the "Apply" and "Close" buttons. 16.Once the repositories are selected, select the "Customize Now" option and click the "Next" button.

19 17.Select the appropriate package groups and optional packages for your installation and click the "Next" button. 18.Wait while the installation completes.

20 19.When the installation is complete, restart the machine as instructed. When the machine has restarted, click the "Forward" button on the welcome screen. 20.Accept the license agreement by clicking the "Forward" button.

21 21.Enter login user details, then click the "Forward" button. 22.Set the appropriate date-time information, then click the "Forward" button.

22 23.Decide if you want to send a hardware profile to the Fedora project, then click the "Finish" button. 24.Click the username you defined previously.

23 25.Enter the password and click the "Log In" button. 26.After you've logged in, you are presented with the default Fedora desktop.

24 Result: Thus the Linux installation was done successfully.