Advanced Crypto. Introduction. 5. Disk Encryption. Author: Prof Bill Buchanan. Bob. Alice. Eve.
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1 Advanced Crypto Bob Alice 5. Disk Encryption Eve Introduction Trent
2
3 Market Microsoft Bitlocker File/Folder Encryption Disk Encryption Check Point Full Disk Encryption Software TrueCrypt McAfee Endpoint Encryption Encryption Software Sophos SafeGuard Disk Encryption Axanum (.AXX) Disk Encryption
4 FIPS FIPS Level 4 Physical security requirements more stringent. Robustness against environmental attacks. FIPS Level 3 Physical tamper-resistance. Identity-based authentication. Physical or logical separation between the interfaces by which where the key security parameters are entered or passed. Identity access (Fred) Isolation barrier FIPS Level 2 O/S must be compliant for Level 2 and above Physical tamper-evidence. Role-based authentication. Role access (Admin) FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standards) Level 1 Lowest level with limited requirements. NIST publish 140 publication series for cryptography FIPS May 2001 FIPS Software limited to L1/L2. Disk Encryption
5 Access Password or passphrase File/Folder Encryption NapI5r123$ Disk Encryption USB drive with encryption key Biometric device (eg fingerprint reader) with Trusted Platform Module which holds the actual encryption key OTP device such as an RSA token Multi-factor authentication uses two or more of these Disk Encryption
6 Access Non-encrypted in transit Non-encrypted In memory Non-encrypted in storage Directory structure API/DLL Integration (c:, d:, etc) Encryption Layer Disk Storage Cloud Storage Disk Image File Image Disk Encryption
7 Advanced Crypto Bob Alice 5. Disk Encryption Eve BitLocker/EFS Trent
8 Bitlocker/EFS EFS Drive or Folder encryption BitLocker Logical volume encryption NTFS Drive 1: Boot drive (unencrypted) NTFS Drive 2: Operating system eg c: drive (encrypted) Transparent operation mode Uses TPM Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 1.2 hardware where user powers up and logs into Windows as normal. Encryption key is sealed (encrypted) in the TPM chip and released to the OS loader code if the early boot files appear to be unmodified. Pre-OS components of BitLocker use Static Root of Trust Measurement defined by the Trusted Computing Group (TCG). Mode is vulnerable with cold boot attack, where the intruder can boot the powered-down machine. Users inserts a USB device with a startup key into the computer for the boot to protected OS. BIOS must support the reading of USB devices in the pre-os environment. USB Key Mode User authentication mode Pre-boot PIN required Bitlocker/EFS
9 EFS EFS Drive or Folder encryption CER file Contains certificate. PFX Contains certificate and private key. Public key Private key Encryption key Header EFS
10 Bitlocker C:\enc\test>cipher /c test.docx Listing C:\enc\test\ New files added to this directory will be encrypted. E test.docx Compatibility Level: Windows XP/Server 2003 Users who can decrypt: WIN-98UTFANB55G\Bill Buchanan [Bill Buchanan(Bill Buchanan@WIN-98UTFANB55G Certificate thumbprint: 1E77 C3D6 BCCB DFDD 1A82 352D B A830 76E0 No recovery certificate found. Key Information: Algorithm: AES Key Length: 256 Key Entropy: 256 C:\enc\test>cipher /r:test.docx Please type in the password to protect your.pfx file: Please retype the password to confirm: Your.CER file was created successfully. Your.PFX file was created successfully. C:\enc\test>dir 12-Oct-14 08:39 PM 12-Oct-14 08:43 PM 12-Oct-14 08:43 PM 11,432 test.docx 912 test.docx.cer 2,710 test.docx.pfx Bitlocker (EFS)
11 Bitlocker PFX file CER Contains the certificate PFX Contains the certificate and private key Dictionary attack 12-Oct-14 09:12 PM 12-Oct-14 09:37 PM 12-Oct-14 09:37 PM 11,437 test.docx 912 test.docx.cer 2,710 test.docx.pfx Import PFX certificate Bitlocker (EFS)
12 Advanced Crypto 5. File Encryption and SSL debug Bob Alice Eve TrueCrypt Trent
13 TrueCrypt TrueCrypt Advantages: Open-source. Windows/Linux/OS X. Free Disadvantages: If you lose the pass phrase almost impossible to recover. Current support is patchy. Password Salt (512-bit) PBKDF2 (Passwordbased Key Derivation Function) RFC 2898 Header Key (dklen) Header (contains material keys) Encryption: AES, Serpent, Twofish Serpent AES Authentication: RIPEMD-160, SHA-512, Whirlpool AES-Serpent DK = PBKDF2(PRF, Password,Salt, c, dklen) DK = PBKDF2(HMAC-SHA1, passphase, ssid,4096,256) Serpent. Ross Anderson et al bit key. 128-bit block (one of the AES finalists). Twofish. Bruce Schneier et all bit key. 128-bit block (one of the AES finalists). AES. FIPS-approved (Rijndael) bit key. 128-bit block. Disk Encryption
14 TC TrueCrypt
15 TrueCrypt is an open source disk cryptography package - February TrueCrypt Foundation. Bob David Tesařík registered the TrueCrypt trademarking the US and Czech Republic, and Ondrej Tesarik registered the not-for-profit TrueCrypt company in the US. Alice (Web) Trent Version 7.1a, there had been an audit on the code, with an announcement on 28 May 2014 that there was a discontinuation of TrueCrypt, along with the release of version of 7.2 (which was intentionally crippled and contained lots of warnings in the code). The updated licence (TrueCrypt License v 3.1) contained the removal of a specific language that required attribution of TrueCrypt. Encrypting disks
16 Bob Within the code, U.S. has been changed to United States, which could point to an automated search and replace method of changing the code to reflect a possible change of ownership of the code Novice Web page. Very poor layout Alice of (Web) message. Code bug? Generation of a pseudo random number, randomly use the time between key strokes for users. Binary code exploit? Binary distribution could have been modified. TrueCrypt mystery
17 Bob Truecrypt.ch Alice (Web) TrueCrypt must not die Trent TrueCrypt.ch is the gathering place for all up-to-date information. If TrueCrypt.org really is dead, we will try to organize a Where next?
18 Advanced Crypto Bob Alice 5. Disk Encryption Detecting Encryption/ Compression Eve Trent
![Detecting File Compression PKZIP: 50 4B 03 04 [PK] GZIP: 1F 8B 08 Tar: 75 73 74 61 72 Zlib: 78 01, 78 9C or 78 DA [00000000] 50 4B 03 04 14 00 02 00 08 00 80 9D 6C 39 DA 4D PK...l9.](/docs-images/84/91212849/images/19-1.jpg "M [00000016] B8 0F 90 01 00 00 27 06 00 00 09 00 00 00 61 6E...'...an [00000032] 69 6D 2E 78 61 6D 6C ED 54 D1 4E 83 30 14 7D 37 im.xaml.t.n.0.}7 [00000048] F1 1F 9A 7E 00 C5 69 4C 24 B0 C4 CD A9 0F 6A 96.")
19 Detecting File Compression PKZIP: 50 4B [PK] GZIP: 1F 8B 08 Tar: Zlib: 78 01, 78 9C or 78 DA [ ] 50 4B D 6C 39 DA 4D PK...l9.M [ ] B8 0F E...'...an [ ] 69 6D 2E D 6C ED 54 D1 4E D 37 im.xaml.t.n.0.}7 [ ] F1 1F 9A 7E 00 C5 69 4C 24 B0 C4 CD A9 0F 6A 96...~..iL$...j. [ ] 8D 64 CF 15 EE A0 B1 B4 A4 2D 8A 7F 6F 2D 6C 63.d...-..o-lc [ ] CA F 7C 90 A7 02 E7 9C 7B EF 39 E9 0D {.9..W [ ] 4C A4 F2 05 D5 C AD 23 BC 2A D C9 L...S.#.*..e. File Encryption 47 c3 dd 4e ce af 76 d6 94 9d 5d d3 db 0d e4 ae af 57 e fd 14 7e f5 7d 02 7a b 2c d 54 1c 75 bb 54 0b f8 95 a9 92 d7 33 ad 2f 00 cb 8c 9f b2 bd 0f e3 aa 0a 59 6b f 5b f e3 32 ed c3 f cb f 3b Detecting compression/enc
20 Advanced Crypto Bob Alice 5. Disk Encryption Eve Trent
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