Command Line Interface UNIX & DOS. Command Line Interface. Terminology. General Format. Part 3. You don't need a mouse or icons

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1 UNIX & DOS Command Line Interface Part 3 You don't need a mouse or icons Command Line Interface Command Line Interface Most computer enjoy the advantages of a Graphical User Interface (GUI) You interact with pictures and click (or touch) what you want to command But, you can perform all the same functions using a command line interface You type commands and the computer reacts Before the GUI, this is how people used computers 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer General Format Terminology Each command starts with a name followed by zero or more arguments Using these, you have the same abilities that you do in Windows/Mac name argument-1 argument-2 The command line interface was created long before the GUI So, the terminology is not quite the same 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer

2 Folders are Files Folders vs. Directories Folders are also called directories The two are typically used synonymously, but there are a few differences Folder used by the desktop metaphor they are the metaphor icons you click on Directory list of grouped files like a folder, but its not a metaphor 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer Command Line Today It is not obsolete Computer scientists, cyber investigators, etc use it to access computers without all that graphical overhead You can control a computer with Telnet You don't have to be in the same location Basics of UNIX Feel the pow-wah of the dark side 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer Basics UNIX What is Linux UNIX was developed at AT&T s Bell Labs in 1969 Design goals: operating system for mainframes stable and powerful but not exactly easy to use GUI hadn t been invented yet By 1992, personal computers were as powerful as mainframes 20 years ago UNIX was ported to the PC with a nice GUI It also evolved into several competing versions 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer

3 Basics UNIX There are versions of UNIX with a nice graphical user interface A good example is all the various versions of Linux However, all you need is a command line interface 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer ls Command ls Command This command will list all the files in the current directory It has arguments that control how the list will look Folder names end with a slash suffix Programs end with an asterisk suffix a.out* demo/ html/ mail/ test.c 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer ll Command ll Command This command displays all the files in "list long" format It is shortcut notation for ls -l It Besides the filename, its size, access rights, etc are displayed > ll -rwx cookd othcsc 4650 Sep 10 17:44 a.out* drwx cookd othcsc 4096 Sep 5 17:49 demo/ drwxrwxrwx 10 cookd othcsc 4096 Sep 6 11:04 html/ drwxrwxrwx 2 cookd othcsc 4096 Jun 20 17:58 mail/ -rw cookd othcsc 74 Sep 10 17:44 test.c 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer

4 cd Command cd Command To change your current folder, you will use the "change directory" command If you specify a folder name, you will move into it If you use.. (two dots), you will got to the parent folder > cd html Move into html folder > cd.. Return to parent folder 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer mkdir Command mkdir Command This command will "make a directory" Great idea for organizing your data and backups a.out* html/ test.c > mkdir demo a.out* demo/ html/ test.c 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer rmdir Command rmdir Command This command will "remove a directory" The directory must be empty for this to work Otherwise, you will receive an onscreen error a.out* demo/ html/ test.c > rmdir demo a.out* html/ test.c 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer

5 rm Command rm Command If you want to delete a file, you can use the "remove" command It's good to cleanup your folders from time to time It can also delete multiple files using patterns a.out* html/ mail/ test.c > rm a.out html/ mail/ test.c 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer mv Command mv Command - Moving The mv command is quite complex and accomplishes two different actions If it often used to "move" a file into a directory However, if the target field is a filename, it will copy html/ test.c programs/ > mv test.c programs html/ programs/ 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer mv Command - Renaming nano html/ test.c programs/ > mv test.c backup.c html/ programs/ backup.c Nano is the UNIX text editor (well, the best one that is) It is very similar to Windows Notepad but can be used on a terminal You will use this to write your programs 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer

6 nano Nano can create new file (use a new name) It can also open an existing file to edit Microsoft Command Line Interpreter nano filename Microsoft's command line family 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer Command Line Interpreter Command Line Interpreter The Microsoft Command Line Interpreter evolved from the original Disk Operating System (DOS) DOS ran PCs in the 80's and 90's and is the reason for Microsoft's success It can be accessed by running the program "CMD.EXE" Easy to find Icon is a black window that mimics the look of DOS 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer Command Line Interpreter dir Command It is similar to UNIX since it evolved from a variation of UNIX called CP/M Far more intuitive than UNIX Some differences: Windows/DOS is not case sensitive Windows/DOS uses a backslash instead of a forward slash This command will list all the files in the current directory It has arguments that control how the list will look Unlike UNIX, it uses a different column to tell you what is a file and directory 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer

7 dir Command cd Command Works exactly the same as UNIX to "change directory" 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer cd Command md Command > cd html Move into html folder > cd.. Return to parent folder This command will "make a directory" The name is much shorter than UNIX, but consistent 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer md Command rmdir Command > md backup 06/24/ :45 PM <DIR> backup This command will "remove a directory" The directory must be empty for this to work Yes, this is identical to UNIX 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer

8 rmdir Command del Command > rmdir backup This command is used if you want to delete a file It is the same as the UNIX rm command However, it is not as potentially dangerous! 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer del Command Before del Command After > del test.c 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer move Command move Command Unlike UNIX, the move command only works with files It will not copy Much safer since the UNIX one can cause headaches > move test.c demo 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer

9 copy Command copy Command Before The copy command will create a copy of a file It is very simple, and is much safer than the UNIX mv 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer copy Command After > copy test.c backup.c 06/24/ :45 AM 3,126 backup.c Comparison Guide Trust me, you'll need it 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer Comparison Chart - Directory Comparison Chart - File Command UNIX CMD Path delimiter / \ List files ls dir Change directory cd cd Make directory mkdir md Remove directory rmdir rmdir Command UNIX CMD Delete/remove file rm del Move file mv move Copy file cp copy Rename mv rename Edit file nano none 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer

10 Microsoft Powershell Feel da pow-wah! Microsoft Power Shell Powershell was added with Windows XP More advanced version of CMD Supports both UNIX and CMD commands 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer New features Supports advanced scripting (like Perl + VB) Data pipelining send one programs output into another Advanced administrator commands Looking at Your Network Some Useful Commands 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer Your Settings Your Settings The CMD tool "ipconfig" will display all network information about your computer Use "ipconfig /all" for detailed information Types of information you can get: your IP address default gateway computer that talks to the outside world for you subnet mask how your IP is interpreted 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer

11 Your Settings Checking a Remote Server C:\Users\Devin>ipconfig Windows IP Configuration Wireless LAN adapter Wireless Network Connection 2: Media State : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix. : Wireless LAN adapter Wireless Network Connection: Media State : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix. : Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix. : csus.edu Link-local IPv6 Address..... : fe80::759d:74a6:e9e:5e97%10 IPv4 Address : Subnet Mask : Default Gateway : /11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer A UNIX tool called nmap can be used to find all the ports, on a host, that has programs listening This tool can be used for both good and evil WARNING some states have laws against performing any unauthorized scans against network devices/hosts nmap has a stealth mode (-ss) which does not do a complete connection 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer Checking a Local Computer Another tool called netstat can find what servers are running on the local host On Windows or UNIX type netstat and it will show Active connections netstat with the a option will show the state of all sockets (servers). If you use the r option you can see the local host routing table. 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer IP Routing To trace the route packets take use "traceroute" (UNIX) or "tracert" (Windows) Great for checking how data moves over a network Note: packets take different routes at different times of the day and also take different routes if tracing in the opposite direction 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer IP Routing How it works host sends out packets with a hop count if the hop is 1, the router responds it is bigger than 1, it decrements the counter and sends it to the next router So, the tool sends a small packet with a hop count of 1 a total of 3 times and records the response times it then tries it with a top count of 2, 3, etc 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer C:\Documents and Settings>tracert Tracing route to [ ] over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms ecsrtr.ecs.csus.edu [ ] 2 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms pix1-in.csus.edu [ ] 3 1 ms 1 ms <1 ms sacstatertr-1-in.csus.edu [ ] 4 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms dc-sac-dc2--sac-csu-cmf.cenic.net [ ] 5 3 ms 3 ms 3 ms dc-oak-core1--sac-dc1-10g.cenic.net [ ] 6 5 ms 4 ms 4 ms dc-svl-core1--oak-core1-ge-1.cenic.net [ ] 7 4 ms 4 ms 4 ms dc-svl-peer1--svl-core1-10ge.cenic.net [ ] 8 4 ms 4 ms 4 ms te tr01-plalca01.transitrail.net [ ] 9 4 ms 4 ms 5 ms yahoo-peer.plalca01.transitrail.net [ ] 10 5 ms 5 ms 65 ms ae1-p151.msr2.sp1.yahoo.com [ ] 11 5 ms 5 ms 5 ms te-9-1.bas-a2.sp1.yahoo.com [ ] 12 5 ms 5 ms 5 ms f1. [ ] Trace complete. 6/11/2018 Sacramento State - Cook - CSc 8 - Summer