High Performance Building Design CIV_ENV 395 Week 9: Focused Work. November 13, 2017
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1 High Performance Building Design CIV_ENV 395 Week 9: Focused Work November 13, 2017
2 Focused Work Biophilia / Biophilic Design Lighting / Daylight MEP / Energy
3 Focused Work: Biophilia / Biophilic Design Inspiration: a love of life and living systems based on an innate human connection to all that is alive and vital
4 Case Study: Atrium / Hallway / Collaborative Areas Husky Union Building, Blanca Lighting Image credits: Nicole L. Peterson Other images: +husky+union+building&oq=university+of+washington+husky+union+building&gs_l=psyab.3..0i24k psy-ab goib9ca5thq#imgrc=_
5 Focused Work: Electric Lighting Industry Standard: Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) Inspiration: ArchDaily Spaces around you
6 Focused Work: Electric Lighting Several possible routes: Design Integration w/energy & daylight: controls & designing zones Electric lighting computation / simulation
7 Focused Work: Electric Lighting Several possible routes: Design Integration w/energy & daylight: controls & designing zones Electric lighting computation / simulation
8 Focused Work: Electric Lighting Design Think about / incorporate: potential fixtures fixture layouts illuminance targets for various spaces
9 Focused Work: Electric Lighting Design Image credits: Nicole L. Peterson & Janice Yeung
10 Focused Work: Electric Lighting Design
11 Focused Work: Electric Lighting Several possible routes: Design Integration w/energy & daylight: controls & designing zones Electric lighting computation / simulation
12 Focused Work: Electric Lighting Daylight/Energy Integration & Controls Source: Energy Code Impacts on the Design Process Allison McSherry, Klein & Hoffman
13 Focused Work: Electric Lighting Several possible routes: Design Integration w/energy & daylight: controls & designing zones Electric lighting computation / simulation
14 Focused Work: Electric Lighting Computation / Simulation Modeling Standard: AGI 32 Free Modeling Software: DiaLUX
15 Daylighting
16 Daylighting Agenda Fundamentals & Metrics: point-in-time, annual, luminance renderings & sections, glare Importing daylight models: Rhino / DIVA Decide on your areas of interest: whole building or specific spaces? -> set up grids & cameras accordingly DIVA demo Good resource: Daylight Pattern Guide
17 Daylight Fundamentals & Metrics
18 Luminous environment Light levels illuminance Visual perception luminance, ratios Visual performance luminance contrast, illuminance Visual comfort luminance, ratios Variability spatial, annual Credits: Nicole L. Peterson, The space between research and practice: A critical evaluation of computer-based lighting metrics
19 Metrics View-independent View-dependent Illuminance Luminance Source: AUTODESK. Sustainability Workshop. Point-intime Illuminance (calculation grid) Daylight Factor (DF) Luminance (renderings & falsecolors) Glare DGP N Example: Illuminance Horizontal calculation grid at workplane (2-6 ) Annual Daylight Autonomy (DA) Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sda) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) Annual glare Credits: Nicole L. Peterson, The space between research and practice: A critical evaluation of computer-based lighting metrics
20 Metrics View-independent View-dependent Illuminance Luminance Source: AUTODESK. Sustainability Workshop. Point-intime Illuminance (calculation grid) Daylight Factor (DF) Luminance (renderings & falsecolors) Glare DGP N Example: Daylight Autonomy Horizontal calculation grid at workplane (2-6 ) Annual Daylight Autonomy (DA) Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sda) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) Annual glare Credits: Nicole L. Peterson, The space between research and practice: A critical evaluation of computer-based lighting metrics
21 Metrics View-independent View-dependent Illuminance Luminance Source: AUTODESK. Sustainability Workshop. Point-intime Illuminance (calculation grid) Daylight Factor (DF) Luminance (renderings & falsecolors) Glare DGP Annual Daylight Autonomy (DA) Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sda) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) Annual glare Example: Luminance falsecolor Horizontal calculation grid at workplane (2-6 ) Credits: Nicole L. Peterson, The space between research and practice: A critical evaluation of computer-based lighting metrics
22 Metrics View-independent View-dependent Illuminance Luminance Source: AUTODESK. Sustainability Workshop. Point-intime Illuminance (calculation grid) Daylight Factor (DF) Luminance (renderings & falsecolors) Glare DGP Annual Daylight Autonomy (DA) Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sda) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) Annual glare Example: Annual glare Credits: Nicole L. Peterson, The space between research and practice: A critical evaluation of computer-based lighting metrics
23 Metrics We typically need multiple metrics to understand any given problem. For this class, we are mostly going to use the following metrics: Sufficient Daylight: Daylight Autonomy % of time our illuminance target (> 300 lux) is met with daylight alone (annual, view independent) Potential for Glare: DA 2,000lux or UDI max % of time > 2,000 lux (annual, view independent) Visual understanding of luminous environment / contrast ratios: Luminance renderings & falsecolors (point-in-time, view dependent) e.g. June clear sky / Sept intermediate sky / Dec overcast sky
24 Rules of Thumb DAYLIGHT CONSIDERATIONS Intensity: should be in a useful range, but not too high to result in glare Distribution: can be uniform or dynamic, depending on the goal POTENTIAL FOR GLARE CONSIDERATIONS Intensity: ideal to optimize; extreme high value can cause glare Distribution: contrast should be minimized between perimeters & cores
25 Units & Targets Illuminance 1 footcandle (fc) ~ 100 lux Illuminance targets for schools: Use 300 lux for classrooms and as default Typically 100 lux for transition spaces, 500 lux for labs Provide an explanation if you choose to use something else Scale for annual illuminance metrics is 0-100%, with 55-80% being a target to optimize Luminance cd/m 2 Use one scale for all luminance renderings for easy comparison A good starting point is 10-2,000 cd/m 2 (in which case green is good )
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34 Units & Targets Illuminance 1 footcandle (fc) ~ 100 lux Illuminance targets for schools: Use 300 lux for classrooms and as default Typically 100 lux for transition spaces, 500 lux for labs Provide an explanation if you choose to use something else Scale for annual illuminance metrics is 0-100%, with 55-80% being a target to optimize Luminance cd/m 2 Use one scale for all luminance renderings for easy comparison A good starting point is 10-2,000 cd/m 2 (in which case green is good )
35 Importing Daylight Models
36 Importing Process Revit Rhino 1) Export Revit file as DWG 2) Import into Rhino
37 Step 1) Revit Go to 3D View Drag select all Export as DWG (ACIS Solids)
38 House icon: switches to 3D View
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40 Drag select all in view
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42 Select to edit options
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47 Step 2) Rhino Import saved DWG
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49 Select your file type: -DWG for Revit exported files
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51 Cleaning up Make sure your model file name (and layers) does not have any spaces! Check the scale. Convert everything to surfaces. (DupBorder + PlanarSrf then SelCrv + Delete is a good sequence of commands) Check for any co-planar surfaces. Delete any extraneous surfaces. (SelDup is a good command) Organize your layers: You will be assigning materials by layer e.g. floors, walls, ceilings, glazing Check glazing: there should only be 1 pane of glass (imports from Revit/SketchUp come in with 2 panes) Add a groundplane: 2-3 times the size of your floorplate. It should be cut around your building s floor, so as not to have co-planar surfaces. Check normals: groundplane should be facing up, all other surfaces facing out. Reverse using Dir command and flip
52 Useful commands M = move Explode Purge: Removes unnecessary geometry, helps with block cleanup Join DupBorder: Duplicated a border PlanarSrf: Creates a planar surface from curves
53 Daylight Simulations: Demo
54 Daylight Simulation Engines Common to all we use: Radiance [ DAYSIM
55 Daylight Simulation Engines
56 Daylight Simulations DIVA-for-Rhino / Solemma
57 Daylight Simulations General process: Think about your area(s) of interest & goals Choose metrics & design alternates that answer your questions Set up your model(s) Run simulations Think about the results: Does it make sense? What does it show?
58 Daylight Simulations General process: A good start might be to use the full model and run a DA analysis to get an understanding of how your design is performing Then you can hone in on specific spaces. At which point, it s good practice to have a baseline and some design alternates
59 Daylight Simulations 1. Identify your area(s) of interest + clearly identify your goals & metrics 2. Set up your model(s) Import & clean up: the simpler the better no spaces or complex characters in any naming, surfaces (not meshes or curves), no light leaks, 1 pane of glass, layers by materials For design alternates: add on separate layers or in separate models 3. Set up simulation(s) Location Materials: glass & opaque reflectances Rules of thumb: groundplane 10%, floors 20-30%, walls 50%, ceilings 70-80%, glass Tvis 65% Set up analysis grids and/or cameras grids always 2-6 A.F.F.; choose reasonable spacing e.g. 2 x2 cameras at reasonable angle & short (1 ) view segment, try multiple views for first pass check before running: grids above floor & camera preview 4. Run! Choose your metrics, occupancy schedule or date/time, illuminance target or camera view, and ab # 5. Analyze / evaluate (Check with me, and possibly run more design alternates to answer your questions) change to 3 One example: Sufficient Daylight (DA): 300 lux Potential for Glare (UDI max ): > 2,000 lux 8am 6pm, ab 6
![Troubleshooting Many common errors: Spaces or complex characters in folder/file names Un-exploded, blocked, or complex geometry Not following directions e.g. selecting month, day, year instead of month, day, time [Month] [Day] [Time] Resources: http://diva4rhino.](/docs-images/92/109631203/images/60-0.jpg "com/user-guide/getting-started/troubleshooting http://diva4rhino.com/forum")
60 Troubleshooting Many common errors: Spaces or complex characters in folder/file names Un-exploded, blocked, or complex geometry Not following directions e.g. selecting month, day, year instead of month, day, time [Month] [Day] [Time] Resources:
61 Then What? The files get sent to a folder with the same name as your model, in the same location as your model, with this structure: For illuminance, you ll be interested in Grid-Based For luminance, you ll be interested in Visualizations You can re-load results into your model by right-clicking the Metrics tab, and selecting your metric, then navigating to the appropriate file
62 Analyzing Think through it. Does it make sense? Be able to explain/interpret your results and provide recommendations or conclusions based off the analysis. Check with me after your first (and ideally final) round of simulations to make sure it s all making sense and that you re presenting useful information.
63 Daylight Report Examples
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