Next Generation Network Architectures. Srinivasan Seshan!

Transcription

1 Next Generation Network Architectures Srinivasan Seshan!

2 Living Analy+cs Rich data collec,on à real-,me data analy,cs à automated applica,on feedback à rich data collec,on Key networking/distributed systems challenges Scaling data collec,on Privacy/anonymity Localiza,on More efficient networks Leverage a range of work to address these challenges 2

3 Outline Other Projects Mobile Adver,sing Femto- cell Infrastructure Op,miza,on Localiza,on BeLer Mul,media URLs Spectrum Management expressive Internet Architecture (XIA) Reliable Video and Real-,me Data 3

4 Free Mobile Apps and Mobile Advertising 80% of Mobile Apps Downloaded are Ad- Supported (Free) Telecom Carriers are Moving to Metered Data Plans Significant Game Developer Revenues from Advertisements ($87M per month) Traffic Cost of Advertisement Content May be Substantial 4

5 How Substantial is the Cost? Rank Name Rate of ads (kbps) 6 Angry Birds Angry Birds Rio Hanging with Friends Talking Tom Words with Friends Dictionary.com App Data Rate (kbps) 30 mins of Angry Birds: 36 MB of traffic/month à 56c/month on Verizon s 2 GB/$30 plan HTML 5 based rich ads are typically 5-20 times larger in size 5

6 Redesigning Advertisement Delivery Aggressive prefetching using inexpensive connec,vity Home/Office WiFi; Femtocells; Underused Macrocells Challenges: Predic,ng context Preven,ng click- fraud Privacy Alternate charging/accoun,ng models Tight integra,on between mobile OS, mobile applica,on, telco, and adver,sing networks 6

7 Outline Other Projects Mobile Adver,sing Femto- cell Infrastructure Op,miza,on Localiza,on BeLer Mul,media URLs Spectrum Management expressive Internet Architecture (XIA) Reliable Video and Real-,me Data 10

8 XIA: An Architecture for a Trustworthy and Evolvable Internet Peter Steenkiste, Dave Andersen, David Eckhardt, Sara Kiesler, Jon Peha, Adrian Perrig, Srini Seshan, Marvin Sirbu, Hui Zhang Aditya Akella John Byers 11

9 IP: Narrow Waist of the Internet Applications IP Technology Innovation both above and below IP But what about IP? 12

10 Proposed -Centric Networking Content: Named Data Networking Mobility: MobilityFirst Cloud: Nebula Problem: Focusing on one communication type may hinder using other communication types, as occurred to IP Can we support heterogeneous communication types on a single Internet architecture? 13

11 Future -Centric Networking Service, content, mobility, and cloud did not receive much alen,on before Yet more networking styles may be useful in the future E.g., DTN, wide- area mul,cast,? Problem: Introducing additional communication types to the existing network can be very challenging Can we support future communication types without redesigning the Internet architecture? 14

12 Legacy Router May Prevent Innovation Internet I got a computer with Awesome-Networking announced at Sigcomm 2022! Can I use it right now? Ouch, we just replaced all of our routers built in Can you wait for another 10 years for new routers? Problem: Using a new communication type may require every legacy router in the network to be upgraded Can we allow using a new communication type even when the network is yet to natively support it? 15

13 XIA s Goals and Design Pillars Principal types Fallbacks Support mul,ple communica,on types (heterogeneity) Support future communica,on types (evolu,on) Allow using new communica,on types at any point (incremental deployment) 16

14 Principal Types Define your own communication model 17

15 Principals Current Internet IP address Principal type XIA Type-specific identifier Host Service Content Future 0xF63C7A4 0x8A x47BF217 Hash of host s public key Hash of service s public key Hash of content 18

16 Principal Type-Specific Semantics Host 0xF63C7A4 Contact a host Service 0x8A37037 Use a service Content 0x47BF217 Retrieve content 19

17 Principal Type-Specific Processing Host-specific processing Input Common processing Service-specific processing Content-specific processing Output XIA router Type-specific processing examples Service: load balancing or service migration Content: content caching 20

18 Routers with Different Capabilities Routers are not required to support every principal type The only requirement: Host- based communica,on Host Host Host Common Common Service Common Host- only router Service- enabled router Content Content- enabled router 21

19 Using Principal Types that are Not Understood by Legacy Routers? Content-enabled router Content-enabled router Legacy router without content support Want to communicate using content principals 22

20 Fallbacks Tomorrow s communication types today! 23

21 Fallbacks: Alternative Ways for Routers to Fulfill Intent of Packet Intent: Retrieve Content Fallback: Contact Host, who understands Content request What the network does: With content- enabled routers, use Content for rou,ng Otherwise, use Host for rou,ng (always succeeds) 24

22 DAG-Based Address Your address is more than a number 25

23 DAG (Direct Acyclic Graph)-Based Addressing Enables Fallbacks Packet sender Rou,ng choice Intent Content Host Another rou,ng choice (with lower priority) This host knows how to handle content request Fallback 26

24 Service Binding with DAG Ini,al contact to a service Service Web service When a par,cular host should serve subsequent service requests Host Server #57 Service Web service Late binding 27

25 Incremental Deployment of XIA on IPv4 Network 4ID: IPv4 address as an XID IPv4 tunneling between XIA network islands Typically used as a fallback AD S HID S 4ID S Represents IPv4 address of AD S 28

26 4ID in Action (1) Partially Deployed XIA Networks XIA Network C IPv4 Network XIA Network S AD S 4ID S Entering IPv4 network: Encapsulate XIA packet with IP header 29 Entering XIA network: Remove IP header for na,ve XIA packet processing Works for arbitrary pairs of XIA networks

27 4ID in Action (2) Fully Deployed XIA Networks XIA Network C XIA Network C XIA Network S AD S 4ID S Use na,ve XIA forwarding and ignore fallback Seamless incremental deployment of XIA 30

28 Can We Forward DAGs Rapidly? Expressive Expensive 31

29 XIA Software Router s High Forwarding Throughput 26% slowdown for small packets with 3 fallbacks Click- based implementa,on on commodity hardware 351 K table entries based on a Route Views snapshot 32

30 XIA: Enabling Evolution by expression Something Old Something New Support for evolvable internetworking Principal types à heterogeneity Fallbacks & DAG- based addressing à incremental deployment Prototype: 33

31 Outline Other Projects Mobile Adver,sing Femto- cell Infrastructure Op,miza,on Localiza,on BeLer Mul,media URLs Spectrum Management expressive Internet Architecture (XIA) Reliable Video and Real-,me Data 34

32 Redundancy Elimination (RE) 10+ vendors Cisco, Riverbed, BlueCoat Corporate network, inter- data center deployment Internet Enterprise 35

33 Deployment of content-aware networks Product: WAN op,mizers (10+ vendors) Cisco, Riverbed, Juniper, Blue Coat Systems E.g., Cisco deployed RE on 200+ remote offices. Corporate networks Riverbed: 50+ corporate customers, datacenter deployments Isola,on from Cross traffic Main office WAN op,mizer VPN ( Virtual wire ) WAN op,mizer Branch

34 Can RE help real-time applications? Soft-realtime intra-data center communication [DCTCP, D 3 ] Real-time streams: FaceTime, Skype, on-line games. Time critical inter-data center communication [Maelstrom] Protecting data loss in time-critical communication is important, but challenging because of the time constraint (~150ms) 37

35 Loss protection today: Redundancy-based recovery Forward Error Correction Delay Bandwidth for robustness Redundant packets (n- k) Original packets (k) FEC couples delay with redundancy Small batch size makes FEC more suscep,ble to bursty loss Difficult to tune parameters (n and k) [TIP2001,INFOCOM2010] Amount of redundancy 20%~50% in Skype video[mul,media 09] 38

36 Redundant Packet Transmission RE Network redundant FEC Redundancy Elimina,on Router 40

37 Redundant Packet Transmission Introduce redundancy in a way that the network understands Redundant Transmission RE Networks Ques,ons/Challenges How do we make sure we retain the robustness benefits? How much redundancy is needed? How does it compare with FEC? Is this safe to use? 41

38 Analytical Comparison with FEC 0.50 FEC(10,5) 2% random loss. = 0.02 FEC(n=10,k=8) Batch size (n=10) Delay Frac,on of Overhead FEC(10,6) FEC(10,7) FEC(10,8) RPT(4) RPT(3) RPT(2) E-7 1E-6 1E-5 1E-4 1E-3 1E-2 1E-1 1E+0 1E+1 End-to-end data loss rate (%) FEC(10,9) Naive Naive 2% data loss 0 overhead Coded redundancy RPT(3) Original pkts (k=8) Delay Redundancy (r=3) 42

39 E2E Performance: Video Quality RPT(3) Overhead ~6% FEC(10,9) Overhead ~10% Naïve UDP 1.8dB ~ 3dB difference in quality 43

40 E2E Performance: Video Quality 38 Encoded video at sender (Before loss) Average PSNR (db) RPT 44 FEC

41 E2E Performance: Video Quality Average PSNR (db) 38 Encoded video at sender Received video Packet loss rate ~2% RPT FEC 45

42 Problem: Impact on Other Traffic RPT flows get priori,zed à need new conges,on control techniques Packet loss rate : 9%. Other Flows Loss Sender (Before loss) Receiver (Non- RPT) (A er loss) Receiver (RPT) (A er loss) Original Redundancy Bandwidth use (Mbps) Throughput reduc,on: 2% 46 9% loss RPT Flows Loss

43 RPT Summary Key Idea of RPT: Don t hide, expose redundancy in content- aware networks! Need to redesign end- points when you change the network Key Features High robustness, low overhead à user performance Ease of use: parameter selec,on, per- packet redundancy/delay control 47

44 Living Analy+cs Rich data collec,on à real-,me data analy,cs à automated applica,on feedback à rich data collec,on Key networking/distributed systems challenges Scaling data collec,on Privacy/anonymity Localiza,on More efficient networks Leverage a range of work to address these challenges 48