3D Laser Imaging for Pavement Survey at 60 mph and True 1mm Resolution
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1 3D Laser Imaging for Pavement Survey at 60 mph and True 1mm Resolution Kelvin C. P. Wang Oklahoma State University & WayLink 2013 Arizona Pavements/Materials Conference ASU MU, November 13-14, 2013
2 First Gen Vehicle s Exterior 2
3 Telescoped Camera and Four Strobe Lights 3
4 4
5 Second Generation DHDV Second Generation
6 6
7 Common Problems Poor Distress Field Data Particularly Cracking Operating 3D Profile Line Rate From 4000, 6000, to 8000/sec About 4mm to 6mm (¼-inch ) Resolution in the Longitudinal Direction at 60MPH (100KM/H) Good Enough for Some Purposes; Not Sufficient
8 PaveVision3D Ultra Approach Use Multiple Sensors Increase 3D Profile Line Rate to 30,000/second Complete Coverage of Pavement Lane True 1mm at Any Data Collection Speed up to 60MPH (100KM/H) 8
9 Data Rate & Power at 60MPH Single Computer Data Rate for 3D Only 4000x2x28000=224,000,000 bytes, 224 MB/sec before compression Continuous for a few hours non-stop Advantage Low Power < 1000 watts in all Complete Coverage at True 1mm 9
10 Data Compression & Management Raw Data from All Sensors Over 10GB per Mile at 60MPH (100KM/H) 2D Compression: JPG/JPG2000 3D Compression Proprietary Compression: over 10:1 Production Data to Computer Storage: 1GB per Mile Relational Database Driven
11 PaveVision3D Ultra Design
12 PaveVision3D Ultra
13 PaveVision3D Ultra
14 PaveVision3D Ultra
15 Virtual Pavement 1mm Pavement Surface in All Three Dimensions High-Precision IMU Grades Horizontal Curves Cross-Slope 15
16 PaveVision3D Ultra Applications Now Cracking, Rutting, IRI, Macro-Texture (MPD, MTD) Safety Analysis: High-Friction, Rumble Strips, Hydroplaning/Grooving Virtual Surface for Visualization In Progress Longitudinal Profiling Comprehensive Evaluation of Distresses Comprehensive Performance Metric 16
17 Example Projects/Applications Arkansas Highway Network Oklahoma Interstate Network INDOT TxDOT Project 6663 Phase II Ohio DOT LTPP Sites, Including Those with WIM High Friction Surface Next Generation Concrete Surface (NGCS)
18 Example Projects/Applications
19 LTPP Data Collection
20 Comparison on the Same Pavement D Profiles/Sec 20
21 Comparison on the Same Pavement 28,000 3D Profiles/Sec 21
22 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h) 22
23 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h) 23
24 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h) 24
25 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h) 25
26 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h) 26
27 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h) 27
28 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h) 28
29 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
30 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
31 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
32 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
33 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
34 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
35 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
36 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
37 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
38 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
39 Google Image at the Same HFS
40 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
41 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
42 3D Data at 60MPH (100KM/h)
43 60MPH 43
44 Cracking & Profiling 44
45 Zoomed-In, Cracking & Profiling 45
46 Evaluation of PaveVision3D Ultra Comparisons of Pavement Surface Texture Measurements with LS-40 Surface Analyzer Surface Drainage Evaluation Using IMU and 1mm 3D Texture Data Automated Groove Identification and Measurement Evaluation of Pavement Transverse Deformation Based on AASHTO PP69-10
47 LS-40 Pavement Surface Analyzer Scanned Area: 4.5 long by 4 wide Data Pixel Quantity 2048 x2448 Horizontal Resolution 0.056mm
48 LS-40 Software Interface
49 Experimental Setup 21 areas marked on pavement Evenly spaced (15ft) 1ft long by 6 in wide Texture Measurements Within marked area LS40 MPD: static 5 runs PaveVision3D MPD: two speeds, 10 runs each 49
50 PaveVision3D Texture Analysis 50
51 PaveVision3D MPD (7mph) 7 6 Outlier MPD (mm) Sample # 51
52 Correlation Analysis(7mph) MPD_Run5 (mm) y = x R² = MPD_Run3 (mm) run 1 run 2 run 3 run4 run5 run 1 1 run run run run
53 Comparison Analysis (7mph) 3.5 LS-40 MPD (mm) y = x R² = PaveVision3D MPD (mm) 53
54 PaveVision3D MPD (15mph) MPD (mm) Outlier
55 Correlation Analysis (15mph) MPD_Run4(mm) y = x R² = MPD_Run1(mm) run 1 run 2 run 3 run 4 run 5 run 1 1 run run run run
56 Comparison Analysis (15mph) LS40 MPD (mm) y = x R² = PaveVision3D MPD (mm) 56
57 Drainage Evaluation Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) Consisting of accelerometers and fiberoptic gyroscopes Collecting positioning, cross slope and vertical slope data PaveVision3D Texture Data Hydroplanning Speed Model Water film depth: pavement type, cross slope, vertical grade, rain intensity
58 Drainage Evaluation Test Results Test Site 1 Test Site 2 EMTD (mm) Section Length (ft)
59 Drainage Evaluation Test Results Test Site 1 Test Site 2 WFD (mm) Section Length (ft)
60 Drainage Evaluation Test Results Hydroplaning Speed (mph) Rainfall Intensity: 6 in/hr Rainfall Intensity: 6.972in/hr Speed Limit Section Length (ft)
61 Grooves: Airfield & Highway Pavements Produces adequate skid resistance Prevents the occurrence of hydroplaning FAA Advisory Circular(AC) No. 150/ C Requirements for pavement groove dimension and performance Needs to periodically evaluate runway groove performance Highway grooves No standard
62 Groove Evaluation Approach To develop an algorithm to automatically estimate groove dimensions Groove Depth Groove Width, and Groove Spacing To evaluate groove performance Calculated groove dimensions Groove configuration, and Standard groove evaluation guidelines
63 Grooving FAA NAPTF (Transverse) NGCS (Longitudinal)
64 Groove Dimensions 64
65 Software Interface 65
66 Identification Results
67 Evaluation of AASHTO PP69-10 Network Data Collection Using PaveVision3D Ultra Implement AASHTO PP69-10 Rutting Parameters Evaluate their Relationships and Propose a comprehensive Measure(s)
68 AASHTO PP69-10 Rutting Protocol No. Attribute Acronym 1 Total Deformation Permillage TDP 2 Left Deformation Permillage LDP 3 Right Deformation Permillage RDP 4 Left Rut Depth (mm) LRD 5 Right Rut Depth (mm) RRD 6 Left Rut Width (mm) LRW 7 Right Rut Width (mm) RRW 8 Left Rut Area (square mm) LRA 9 Right Rut Area (square mm) RRA 10 Total Number of Water Entrapment Points TNW 11 Total Water Entrapment Depth (mm) TWD 12 Total Water Entrapment Width (mm) TWW
69 1mm Rutting Data Source More than 100 miles NHS in AR US65N and US70E profiles Each profile 12 attributes Distribution of attributes Slightly skewed or normally distributed 69
70 Evaluation Methodology Correlation Analysis Examine preliminary relations Correlation Matrix Linear Regression Analysis 70
71 Correlation Results Strong linear relations (correlation coefficient > 0.7): TDP & LDP TDP & RDP LRD & LRA RRD & RRA Weak linear relations (correlation coefficient <0.3) 71
72 Establish Quantitative Relations Traditional Measures Rutting depth (LRD & RRD) New Measures in PP69-10 Rutting width (LRW & RRW) Rutting area (LRA & RRA) Water related (TNW, TWD, & TWW) 72
73 Regression Analysis Results Feasible and reliable to use rutting depth to predict rutting area measures Other attributes: not robust to predict with rutting depth 73
74 Variability, Precision, Accuracy Variability: Unevenness, Changeability Precision and Accuracy Reference Value and Probability Good accuracy, Low precision High precision, Low accuracy
75 Relating to Cracking Survey Variability & Precision Target: small variability & tight range for high precision Reference & Accuracy No good reference (Manual Survey?) Accuracy: therefore in question Probability Randomness? Accuracy: sometimes same as bias
76 Sources of Variability Complex pavement conditions Varying data collection methods Rater inconsistencies Inter-rater uniformity Time Transcription, referencing and data entry Varying protocol & expectations
77 Conclusion Remarks Sensor Technology: Completed Challenges to the Team & Industry: Software Solutions To be beautiful, & also usable to pavement engineers Confidence in quality of data ME Design & PMS Apps 77
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