The truth behind Wi-Fi data rates

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1 The truth behind Wi-Fi data rates A dive behind the marketing hype Eric Lalaurie ICT Discipline Lead (ANZ) WSP Presented for BICSI 10/10/2018

2 Source:

3 Contents Evolution of Wi-Fi data rates Modulation Coding Scheme table Parameters that affect Wi-Fi speeds Client and AP capabilities Spatial streams Bandwidth SNR Real world data!

4 Wi-Fi data rates evolution Wi-Fi data rates in prime b a/g n ac ax 600

5 MCS Source:

6 Parameters that affect Wi-Fi speed Spatial Streams Access Point capabilities Client capabilities Bandwidth SNR

7 MIMO and Spatial Streams AP and client capabilities differ Depends on the form factor Affects battery life

8 MIMO and Spatial Streams n was in theory capable of 4 SS yet no AP supports it ac is in theory capable of 8 SS but: No client supports more than 3 SS. No AP supports more than 4 SS. Unlikely to happen before the release of ax IT IS ALL ABOUT AP SUPPORTED CAPABILITIES AS WELL AS CLIENTS ASSOCIATING WITH THE NETWORK!!!!!

9 Access Points examples

10 Client side SS 0.1 Intel 7260 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 2 ac Intel 8265 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 2 ac Y ipad Air Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y 2 n ipad Air 2 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 2 ac N ipad Pro Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 2 ac ipad Pro 7 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y 2 ac ipad 9 (2017) Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y 2 ac N iphone 6 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 1 ac N iphone 6S Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 2 ac N iphone 6S+ Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 2 ac N iphone 7 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 2 ac N iphone 7+ Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 2 ac N Macbook Air (Early-2015) Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 2 ac N Macbook (late 2006) Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N Y Y Y Y Y 2 n Macbook Pro - Retina Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 3 ac N Microsoft SurfaceBook Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y 2 ac N Microsoft Surface Pro3 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y 2 ac Microsoft Surface Pro4 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y / / / / / / 2 ac N Samsung Galaxy S8 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 2 ac Y Samsung Galaxy S8 Plus Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y 2 ac Y Samsung Galaxy S9 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 2 ac Y Samsung J5 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y 1 n MU- MIMO

11 MCS Source:

12 Bandwidth UNII bands UNII-1 UNII-2 UNII-2e UNII-2e UNII-3 ISM 20 MHz MHz MHz MHz 50 ACMA Frequency bands and emission limits 200 mw EIRP 100 mw EIRP DFS no TPC 200 mw EIRP DFS and TPC 500 mw EIRP DFS no TPC 1 W EIRP DFS and TPC 500 mw EIRP DFS no TPC 1 W EIRP DFS and TPC 4W EIRP 5170 MHz 5250 MHz 5350 MHz 5470 MHz 5600 MHz 5650 MHz 5725 MHz 5850 MHz XX Inddor only XX 500 mw EIRP with DFS and no TPC XX 4 W EIRP XX = IEEE Wi-Fi channel number

13 MCS Source:

14 SNR & MCS Source:

15 What is Signal to Noise Ratio?

16 MCS Source:

17 So where did we start? ac That s for: 160 MHz wide channels Not recommended Ever! 8 Spatial Streams No AP or clients available Highest MCS (8 or 9) High SNR only achievable in the vicinity of the AP Using best practice: 20 MHz channels, 2 Spatial Streams, MCS 7 (25 db SNR) MCS 9 (40 db SNR!) = MCS7 (34 db SNR) = MCS7 (25 db SNR) = 144.4

18 But wait Did you say CSMA-CA? Parameters used to proactively perform collision avoidance: Virtual Carrier Sense (Network Allocation Vector = NAV) Physical Carrier Sense (Clear Channel Assessment = CCA) Interframe Spacing (SFIS, DIFS, etc) Backoff timers and QoS priority queues Start NAV = 0? CCA = idle? DIFS Completed? Slot = 0? Transmit

19 And legacy devices? g ac When a slow client associates with the network, control frames are sent at a compatible speed. Also faster clients have to wait for the slower clients to finish transmitting ac ac Note this is partially solved by Airtime fairness which is a proprietary feature implemented by Wi-Fi AP vendors

20 AP hardware specs Source: Aruba Very High Density validated design guide Design/tkb-p/Aruba-VRDs

21 Real world data.

22 Another example Trying to achieve 2 for 30 off ipad 1 in a classroom 1x1:1 MCS % overhead in light contention 40 % in heavy contention (high density) 72.2 * 40% = 28.8 Divided by 30 = 975 kbps Not enough!! Replacing clients by ipad Air 2 2x2:2 MCS % MCS 7 69 Per MCS 7 2.3

23 Real world throughput

24 Real world data: Over-selling? Credit to DEVIN AKIN FROM And 1 From a 60,000 AP sample, across many vertical markets, the above data (and the data on the next slide) show that the average uplink & downlink per-ap throughput.

25 Real world data: Over-selling? Credit to DEVIN AKIN FROM And 1 From a 60,000 AP sample, across many vertical markets, the above data (and the data on the next slide) show that the average uplink & downlink per-ap throughput.

26 Q&A

27 Source: Aruba Networks ax

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