Simulation of Deformation in Robotics

Transcription

1 Asia Simulation Conference 2009 Oct. 7, 2009 Robots vs Creatures Simulation of Deformation in Robotics Shinichi Hirai Dept. Robotics Ritsumeikan Univ. Robots rigid material rigid motors Creatures soft material soft muscles Can soft robots be? Soft Robots in our lab. Soft-fingered Manipulation Flexible arm control Soft-fingered manipulation Crawling and jumping soft robots Loosely coupled joint Cloth unfolding Linear object manipulation Non-uniform biological object modeling Belt object modeling Background Robots vs Humans Humans exhibit outstanding dexterity What s the sources of dexterity brain-nerve system binocular eyes tactile receptors else? Delay in signal transmission Rate in vision < 1 ms up to 1,000 Hz ms 30 Hz Why humans can manipulate objects despite of such poor performance? 1

2 Human Finger Structure Human finger soft fingertip hard fingernail on the reverse side Differs from animals Observations (1/3) Ability of a pair of 1-DOF fingers with hemispherical soft tips and hard back plates left finger object right finger Does this structure contribute to dexterity? rotational joint rotational joint Observations (2/3) move two fingertips inward Observations (3/3) rotate two fingertips in the same direction small deformation (grasping force) large deformation (grasping force) Can control grasping force Can control object posture Modeling Model verification Parallel distributed model parallel model 2

3 Experiment Simulation dynamic simulation based on Lagrange formulation kinetic and potential energies object left fingertip right fingertip Simulation Comparison simulation vs experiment Simulation with Time Delay Summary Model of soft finger Simple as possible Force depends on relative angle Model can describe this dependency Simulation with time delay We can manipule objects by soft fingers despite of time delay in signal transmission 3

4 Crawling and Jumping Soft Robots Principle Charge/Discharge of Potential Energy Stable Unstable Stable with high energy Circular Robot (2D motion) 8 SMA coils for crawling Toki corp. BMX-100 Control Open loop PWM control of SMA coils diameter 40mm weight 3g crawling hill-climbing Crawling Slope Climbing 25mm/s (65% of diameter per second) 20 degrees 4

5 Jump Simulation model E F G H D C B A Voigt model Particle-based model 90mm 300mm (3 times diameter) three-element model with slider Simulation results Simulation results Initial shapes with same energy Initial shapes with same energy (a) Cap shape (a) Cap shape thread (c) Peanut shape (c) Peanut shape 5

6 Experiments / Experiments / (a) Cap shape (c) Peanut shape frame rate: 1 KHz frame rate: 1 KHz Effect of initial shapes Simulation (a) Cap (b) Cup (c) Peanut (d) Dish Jumping heights Reaction force 6

7 Impulse Summary Circular robot (2D) jump three times its diameter Simulation particle-based modeling works well Spherical robot (3D) jump twice its diameter Jumping height depends on initial shapes Dish shape small force but long contact time large impulse, higher jump Modeling of Rheological Deformation Modeling of Belt Object Deformation Applications: Robot grasping; Surgical simulation; Food engineering; Elastic + Plastic Rheological Simulation of deformation in Robotics Thank you for your attention General models often do not apply Simple models with other simulations Experimental verification is essential 7