Civil 3D Introduction

Transcription

1 Civil 3D Introduction

2 Points Overview Points are data collected by surveyors which represent existing site conditions (elevations, boundaries, utilities, etc.). Each point is numbered (or named) and has a label indicating specific information (usually the elevation and description), and has coordinates (northing and easting). Each point is a single object (node) with a point style and a point label. Points can also be used to represent proposed or final site conditions. At present, there are no standards for point descriptions.

3 Points Overview Point Marker Styles On the Settings Tab in Toolspace, expand the Point Styles Container, right-click, then edit the point style of interest. Note that there are many different point styles, each representing a different structure. A point style defines the display, elevation, and marker size.

4 Points Overview You can then select the marker, size, etc.

5 Points Overview On the Prospector tab in Toolspace, you can rightclick on the desired point group, and select Properties to edit the display of the point information. In this case, the marker, point number, and elevation are displayed (I do not have a description for this point).

6 Points Overview You can also subdivide your points into specific groups for further display and analysis (such as existing ground, utilities, boundaries, trees, etc.). Description keys and point groups help to automate point layers and allow you to manage points with similar purposes.

7 Creating Points A common way to bring elevation data into C3D is to import the points from a data file. This data file must have the point number, northing, easting, elevation, and description (if needed). These files can be comma or space delimited, and arranged in various manners. As an example, if the file format is listed as PENZD, the first number is the point number, the second number is the easting, the third number is the northing, the fourth number is the elevation, and the fifth number is the description. You must be informed of the format used (ENZ, NEZ, PENZ, PNEZ, etc.).

8 Creating Points As an example, the following file is in comma delimited, PNEZD format, even though not all points will have a description: Point Number, Northing, Easting, Elevation

9 Points Creation

10 Points Creation The command on the far right allows you to import points from an external data file.

11 Points Creation Click the Plus sign to browse for you point file: Scroll down to select the proper file format: Click on the box to Add Points to Point Group

12 Points Creation Then click on the Plus sign and give the point group a unique name. Notice that the point group name is now populated in your window. Click OK.

13 Points Creation Zoom out so you can see the imported points. Notice that the Existing Ground Points are now added to the Toolspace.

14 Surfaces Surfaces are 3D objects representing topography. They are commonly created from point groups. They can be used to examine water flow and earthwork. Surfaces may need to be edited for accurate representation. Adding break lines. Swap Edges. Others include minimizing flat areas, raising/lowering surfaces, Two types of surfaces: Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN): Grid: Most common. Triangulated surfaces, with surface points connected by straight lines. Interpolates and assigns data to each grid intersection. Ex. Digital Elevation Models (DEM)

15 Surface Creation Continue with the same file used to create points. From the Home tab, Create Ground Data palette, select Surfaces, Create Surface.

16 Surface Creation Edit the name of the surface to Existing Ground: You can click the ellipsis to edit the style of contour lines you desire: Click OK.

17 Surface Creation At this point, the surface will not be visible because it is not linked to a point group. In the Toolspace Prospector Tab, expand the Surfaces container, then Existing Ground, and finally Definition. Right-click on Point Groups and Add.

18 Surface Creation In the Point Groups dialog box, select Existing Ground Click Apply Click OK.

19 Surface Creation The surface representing the existing ground will be created and should be displayed.

20 Surface Creation If your triangles do not appear: Expand the Surface Styles container in Toolspace- Settings: Right click on the style used and select Edit: Turn the Triangles on.

21 Surface Creation Click on any contour line and a contextual menu will be activated. The Water Drop command will illustrate the movement of a theoretical path a drop of water on the surface.

22 Surface Creation The path of the water is represented by a 2D polyline.

23 Alignments Alignments are used in most civil engineering projects to assist with laying out: Roads, railways, runways, and bike trails. Swales, waterways, utilities, levees, dams, and landfills. Alignments are used to represent center lines, lane boundaries, shoulders, right-of-ways, etc. Alignments are custom objects that are similar to polylines. Can contain tangents (line segments), curves, and spirals.

24 Alignments Alignments, profiles, and cross sections provide for a complete three-dimensional description of the road. When laying out a construction site, oftentimes parcels, polylines, and arcs are used as base geometry for interior roads. These objects are later converted into alignments.

25 Five Types of Alignments Centerline Most common. Used when the location and design parameters of the centerline of the road are known. Offset Used to create transitions within a corridor design. Curb Return Used to base the road design from the curb. Used to connect edges of intersecting roadways.

26 Five Types of Alignments Rail Used to calculate curves along chords rather than arcs. Used to set track width and calculate cants. Miscellaneous Used when the alignment you wish to create does not fall into any of the other categories.

27 Five Types of Alignments Notice that you can utilize the Design Criteria tab, which checks your design against standards. If your design violates the design criteria, C3D will alert you.

28 Creating Alignments in C3D On the Create Design palette, go to the Alignment command. You have many options in which to create your alignment.

29 Creating Alignments in C3D Create a polyline (on the V-ROAD-CNTR layer) that represents a road across the surface (construction site). Make sure there is a bend in your proposed road. The angle between the two segments will later be converted into a curve.

30 Creating Alignments in C3D I intend to convert the polyline into an alignment. Go to Alignment, Create Alignment from Objects. You will then select the polyline of interest. Press Enter.

31 Creating Alignments in C3D C3D will then prompt you to select the direction of your alignment. The Create Alignment from Objects menu will then appear.

32 Creating Alignments in C3D From this menu: Give the alignment a Name. Select the Type (Centerline). General tab: You can assign the alignment to a specific Site. Set the Default radius. Erase existing entities.

33 Creating Alignments in C3D From the Design Criteria tab: Select your Starting design speed. Check the Use criteria-based design box (sometimes does not design the curve to the correct length, but uses the default values instead). Then select OK.

34 Creating Alignments in C3D Notice that your alignment has been created: Proper curve. Station labels.

35 Creating Alignments in C3D Notice that the Entry Road alignment has been added to the Prospector tab in Toolspace.

36 Alignment Hints Make sure polylines extend beyond other intersecting polylines (or come to an exact T ), as this process will ensure that intersections are created properly. Make sure that at least one intersecting road does not end at the intersection. Make sure it carries through. While C3D will allow you to create multiple alignments at once, creating them individually will allow you to have more control over the design of each alignment.

37 Profiles A profile is a side view of an alignment, with elevations shown along the alignment length. A profile consists of a profile grid and its annotation. In C3D, they are dynamic, geometric objects that update if either the alignment or surface is altered. The next step after creating the alignment is to produce the profile view. This process is significantly easier, and more intelligent, than doing it in AutoCAD.

38 Creating Surface Profiles From the alignment exercise where you created the entry road on the surface from PointsInClass : Go to the Create Design palette and select Create Surface Profile.

39 Creating Surface Profiles Select the Alignment you wish to create the surface profile for in our case, we only have the Entry Road alignment. Select Add. Note that the Existing Ground surface is added to the Profile list. Click Draw in profile view.

40 Creating Surface Profiles Click Next and follow the Create Profile View wizard to create your profile (in order to accept the default settings).

41 Creating Surface Profiles Finally, select Create Profile View.

42 Creating Surface Profiles Click near the drawing to place the surface profile for the entry road.

43 Creating Surface Profiles The completed surface profile.

44 Creating Design Profiles To this point, we have created profile views based on a surface (Existing Ground). Now we will construct a design profile, since very rarely will the road match up perfectly with the natural topography. We will superimpose both profiles on the same graph.

45 Creating Design Profiles From the Create Design palette, select the Profile command, then select Profile Creation Tools. You must then select the profile view you wish to create (left click on the surface profile graph).

46 Creating Design Profiles The Create Profile menu will appear. Name the profile something descriptive. Profile style: Design Profile Profile label set: Click OK. Complete Label Set

47 Creating Design Profiles The Profile Layout Tools menu will appear. Select the Curve Settings option. The Vertical Curve Settings menu will appear (select defaults). Then click OK. -The K-Value is the horizontal distance required to achieve a 1% change in the slope of the vertical curve. -K-Values for various speeds are provided in AASHTO Green Book (A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets). -Crest Curves are curves that convex upwards (ex. curves at hill crests and when uphill grades becomes less steep). -Sag Curves are curves that concave upwards (ex. curves at valley bottoms and when uphill grades become steeper).

48 Creating Design Profiles Then select Draw Tangents With Curves from the Profile Layout Tools menu. Create the design profile by drawing on the surface profile graph.

49 Creating Design Profiles When you are finished selecting points to create your design profile, press Enter. Your design profile should now appear on your surface profile graph. Close the Profile Layout Tools menu when you are finished.

50 Creating Design Profiles Finished profile graph. Notice that the grade and stations are labeled.

51 Creating Design Profiles The PVI is the Point of Vertical Intersection, where grade lines intersect. LVC is the length of the vertical curve.

52 Assemblies An assembly defines the attachment point of a roadway cross-section to the horizontal and vertical alignments. Undivided Crowned Road Undivided Planar Road Divided Crowned Road Undivided Planar Road Railway Other Subassemblies represent individual components of the proposed cross-section (such as a lane or curb).

53 Corridors A corridor is a 3D model of a proposed design based on alignments, profiles, and assemblies. Corridors can be used to represent a single alignment, profile, and assembly (such as a single road) or can contain multiples of each. When modeling intersections, it is good practice to have all intersecting roads as part of the same corridor object.

54 Intersections Intersections are complex corridor models that automatically create offset and curb return geometry where two intersecting alignments meet. Geometry is automatically updated should the alignment, profile, assembly, or surface is altered. Four intersection objects possible: Create Intersection Create Roundabout Add Approach Add Turn Slip Lane

55 Intersections Using a file with a created surface, enclose the entire site with a polyline and give the site a name

56 Intersections Create a parcel from the polyline you just created. Make sure you choose the label style Name Square Foot & Acres, Automatically add segment labels, and erase existing entities.

57 Intersections Create alignments for each of the proposed roads you drew as polylines.

58 Intersections I created alignments for 19 th Street and Avenue A. Notice that they appear in your prospector tab.

59 Intersections Create Right of Way Parcels. Remember you have to select the parcel label. Use the default values.

60 Intersections Now create the surface profile for each alignment.

61 Intersections Next, create the design profile: Select Profile Creation Tools, then left click on the profile, then the Create Profile menu will appear.

62 Intersections Now draw the desired design profile directly on the profile view.

63 Assemblies Now we will create an assembly. You should place the location and it will zoom to the centerline where the roadway will be built.

64 Assemblies Click on the centerline. Select Tool Palette from the contextual menu. Then select the Basic Tab.

65 Assemblies Click on BasicLane and check parameters. Place the left and right lanes.

66 Assemblies Repeat the process to add shoulders, curbs, grade to daylight, etc. Repeat the process for the other roads.

67 Corridors Select Corridor. Then make sure alignment, profile, and assembly correspond.

68 Intersections Click on Create Intersection. Select the main road. Select all crowns maintained.

69 Intersections Check your curb return parameters. Then select create intersection.

70 Intersections Intersection

71 Grading Grade and Slope are terms used to express the gradient of land along a line. Grade Usually expressed as a percent. Slope: Usually shown as a ratio of the change in altitude (ΔV d ) to change in horizontal distance (ΔH d ).

72 Grading Feature Lines Complex, linear objects that represent a string of known elevations, such as the perimeter of your site. They can be drawn, or converted from existing objects. Store horizontal and elevation location data (similar to 3D polylines). Allow modeling of proposed grading operations. Minimize amount of elevation points without compromising design integrity. Stepped Offset command can be used to create new Feature Line by giving vertical and horizontal offset.

73 Grading Grading Groups Collections of Feature Lines that form a contiguous whole. Can be used to automatically generate 3D surfaces. Surfaces created from Grading Groups will appear in the Prospector tab. Feature Lines and Grading Groups are organized by site.

74 Grading From a previously created surface: Using the Polyline command, create a border for your building pad. My example was a 200 square pad located on a point of interesting topography (not realistic, but will show grading more obviously).

75 Grading The next step is to create a Grading Group. From the Create Design palette, select the Grading command, then Grading Creation Tools. Click the arrow to expand the menu.

76 Grading Select the first icon, to Set the Grading Group. From the Create Grading Group menu: Give the grading group a name. Check Automatic surface creation. Check Use the Group Name. Check Volume base surface (for calculating volumes later).

77 Grading The Create Surface menu will appear. Check the settings. If all looks correct, click OK. Note that Building Pad is now added to the Prospector tab.

78 Grading Select the target surface. In our case, we will grade to the Existing Ground surface. Then, change the grading criteria to Grade to Surface.

79 Grading Select Create Grading. Select the building pad and the Create Feature Lines menu will appear. Give the Feature Line a name. Check Style. Check Erase existing entities. Check Assign elevations. Click OK.

80 Grading The Assign Elevations menu will appear. Assign the desired Elevation for the building pad. I am randomly assigning an elevation of 35. Then select the grading side, meaning left-click outside the building pad boundary. You will then be asked to answer a series of questions.

81 Grading Apply to entire length? Cut Format? Grade or Slope? Give preferred cut slope. Fill Format? Grade or Slope? Give preferred fill slope. Note: Cut and fill slope are dependent on the soil properties! Clay soils commonly use slope ratios of 2:1 to 3:1.

82 Grading Grading will appear. We will now need to add infill to represent hole in surface where building pad exists.

83 Grading Select the area to infill. Notice that a diamond will appear.

84 Grading In order to view our surface threedimensionally, left-click on the surface and a contextual menu will appear. Select the Object Viewer command.

85 Grading Select Conceptual. Using the View Cube, place the surface in an orientation that maximizes your understanding of the surface you just created.

86 Grading From the Grading Volume Tools menu: Select Grading Volume Tools. The Grading Volume Tools window will then appear, giving a preliminary report.

87 Grading Notice that in my example, the net amount of earthwork is 16, yd 3 of fill. We can adjust the building pad level to balance out the cut/fill, if design requirements allow. The building pad may be required to reside at a set elevation to remain above the flood plain.

88 Grading We can adjust the building pad level in 1.00 increments and the drawing should automatically update to reflect your changes. I lowered the building pad level by 6 feet to minimize the amount of earthwork now the net is yd 3.

89 Grading Or you can use the Automatically raise/lower to balance the volumes tool. You can then minimize the required volume.

90 Grading The new earthwork volumes: Note that the building pad elevation was moved fro 35 to

91 Grading We need to incorporate both surfaces (Building Pad and Existing Ground) into a finished surface. Use Create Surface: Give it a name. Click OK.

92 Grading Expand the Surface container to reveal the Finished Surface Definition. Right-click on Edits and select Paste Surface.

93 Grading The Select Surface to Paste menu will appear. Select Existing Ground first and click OK. Repeat the process to add the Building Pad surface.

94 Grading At this point, we have three surfaces, and we will only display the finished surface. Right-click on the Existing Ground and Building Pad surfaces in Prospector and select Surface Properties. Change the Surface style to No Display. Click Apply and then OK.

95 Grading Notice that the contour lines incorporate all three surfaces. Using the Object Viewer, the building pad can be located.