B. Graphing Representation of Data
|
|
- Asher Richardson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 B Graphing Representation of Data The second way of displaying data is by use of graphs Although such visual aids are even easier to read than tables, they often do not give the same detail It is essential that each graph be self-explanatory that is, it should has a descriptive title, labeled axes, An indication of the units of observation An effective graph should not attempt to present so much information that it is difficult to comprehend المدرج التكراري 1 Histograms A histogram is a graphical display of a frequency distribution that uses classes and vertical bars (rectangles) of various heights to represent the frequencies Histograms are useful when the data values are quantitative A histogram gives an estimate of the shape of the distribution of the population from which one sample was taken To make a histogram Make frequency table that shows class intervals and class frequencies Determine the class boundaries for each class interval Draw both abscissa (X or horizontal axis), which depicts the class boundaries (not limits), and a perpendicular ordinate (Y or vertical axis), which depicts the frequency (or relative frequency) of observations Begin the vertical scale at zero Once the scales have been laid out, a vertical bar is constructed above each class interval equal in height to its class frequency When the size of class intervals is equal, frequencies are represented by both the height and the area of each bar The total area represents 1% For example: The 1 scores in the class interval represent a 16% of the area and that 38% of the area corresponds to the 24 observations in the second bar Class interval (Systolic Blood Pressure*) Class boundaries f (frequency) Total n = 63 18
2 Note that, the height of the vertical scale should equal to approximately three-fourths the length of the horizontal scale Otherwise, the histogram may appear to be out of proportion with reality Systolic blood pressure (mmhg) Figure 31 Histogram Illustrating the Systolic Blood Pressure of a Sample of 63 Nonsmokers المضلع التكراري 2 Polygons A histogram gives the impression that frequencies jump suddenly from one class to the next If you want to emphasize the continuous rise or fall of the frequencies, you can use a frequency polygon or line graph polygon uses the same axes as the histogram It is constructed by marking a dot at the class midpoint of the class interval at the height of the class frequency lower class boundary (limit) + upper class boundary (limit) class midpoint = 2 The coordinates of these dots are the class midpoint and the class frequency These points are then connected with straight lines Systolic blood pressure (mmhg) Figure 32 polygon of systolic blood pressure of 63 Nonsmokers 19
3 Note that the polygon is brought down to the horizontal axis at both ends at points that would be the midpoints if there were additional classes with zero frequency In this case, the midpoints are 795 and 1995 (Figure 32) polygons are superior, to histograms in providing a means of comparing two frequency distributions In frequency polygons, the frequency of observations in a given class interval is represented by the area contained beneath the line segment and within the class interval This area is proportional to the total number of observations in the frequency distribution polygons should be used to graph only quantitative (numerical) data, never qualitative (ie, nominal or ordinal) data since these latter data are not continuous المضلع التكراري التراآمي (Ogive) 3 Cumulative Polygons Ogive can be used to determine how many scores are above or below a set level To make an ogive Make a frequency table showing class boundaries and cumulative frequencies Class Interval (Systolic Blood Pressure*) Cumulative Relative (%) Nonsmokers Smokers Use the same horizontal scale as that for a histogram, whereas the vertical scale indicates cumulative frequency or cumulative relative frequency For each class interval, make a dot over the upper class boundary at the height of the cumulative class frequency The coordinates of the dots are the upper class boundary and the cumulative class frequency Connect these dots with straight line segments (see the next Figure) By convention, an ogive begins on the horizontal axis at the lower class boundary of the first class interval Significance Ogives are useful in comparing two sets of data, as, for example, data on healthy and diseased individuals In the next Figure we can see that 9% of the nonsmokers and 86% of the smokers had systolic blood pressures below 16 mmhg 2
4 Cumulative relative frequency Nonsmoker Smoker Systolic blood pressure It also provides a class of important statistics known as percentiles The 9th percentile, for example, is the numerical value (16 mmhg for nonsmokers) that exceeds 9% of the values in the data set and is exceeded by only 1% of them and so on for other percentiles The 5th percentile is commonly called the median In the above Figure the median systolic blood pressure for smokers (or nonsmokers) was about 125 To get the median, we start at the 5% point on the vertical axis and go horizontally until meeting the cumulative frequency graph; the projection of this intersection on the horizontal axis is the median Other percentiles are obtained similarly 4 Stem-and-leaf Displays (طريقة الساق و الورقة ( distributions and histograms provide a useful organization and summary of data However, in a histogram, we lose most of the specific data values A stem-and-leaf plot has an advantage over a grouped frequency distribution, since a stem-and-leaf plot retains the actual data by showing them in graphic form Steps to follow in constructing a Stem and Leaf Display 1 Divide each observation in the data set into two parts, the leftmost part is called the Stem and the rightmost part is called the Leaf Note: Stems may have as many digits as needed, but each leaf contains only a single digit For grouped data, the stem represents the class intervals while the leaves are the strings of values within each class interval 2 List the stems in order from smallest to largest in a vertical column Draw a vertical line to the right of the stems 21
5 Stems Stems Stems Stems (Intervals) Place all the leaves with the same stem on the same row as the stem 4 Proceed through the data set, placing the leaf for each observation in the appropriate stem row 5 Arrange the leaves in increasing order Note: The leaves (strings of observations) portray a histogram laid on its side; each leaf reflects the values of the observations, from which it is easy to note their size and frequencies Consequently, we have displayed all observations and provided a visual description of the shape of the distribution It is often useful to present the stem-and leaf display together with a conventional frequency distribution Significance From the stem-and-leaf display of the systolic blood pressure data we can see that the range of measurements is 92 to 172 The measurements in the 12s occur most frequently, with 128 being the most frequent We can also see which measurements are not represented Table Stem and leaf Display of systolic blood pressure of 63 Nonsmoker (Data from Table ) Stems (Intervals) Leaves (Observation) (f) Total 63 22
6 5 Bar Graph (Chart) A bar graph is a graph composed of bars whose heights are the frequencies of the different categories in a data set Typically used for displaying categorical or qualitative (nominal or ordinal) data - shows in tabular form like blood type, ethnicity, sex, and treatment category To construct a bar graph, the categories are placed along the horizontal axis and frequencies are marked along the vertical axis A bar is drawn for each category such that the height of the bar is equal to the frequency for that category To prevent any impression of continuity, it is important to leave a small gap of equal width between the bars Bar graphs can also be constructed by placing the categories along the vertical axis and the frequencies along the horizontal axis Example The distribution of the blood type of the 25 blood donors is given in the following table Class (Blood Type) 1 8 A 5 B 8 O 8 AB 4 Total A B O AB Blood Type (Group) Figure Bar chart of blood type It is essential that the scale on the vertical axis begin at zero If that is impractical, one should employ broken bars (or a similar device), as shown in Figure below 12 Excess mortality (%) Less than or more Number of cigarettes smoked per day Figure Bars broken to show vertical scale does not begin at zero 23
7 6 Pareto Chart A Pareto chart is a type of bar chart in which the horizontal axis represents categories of interest The bars are ordered from largest to smallest in terms of frequency counts for the categories A Pareto chart can help you determine which of the categories make up the critical few and which are the insignificant many Time plot A time plot is a graph display how data change over time To make a time plot, we put time on the horizontal scale and the variable being measured on the vertical scale In a basic we connect the data points by lines It is best if the units of time are consistent in a given plot For instance, measurements taken every day should not be mixed on the same plot with data taken every week Example How does average height for boys changes as the boy gets older? According to Physician s Handbook, the heights at the different ages are as follows: Age (year) Height (inches) Primary None Height (inches) Intermediate Education level Senior High Technical School Age (year) 24
8 8 Pie Charts A pie graph or pie chart is a circle that is used to graphically display either qualitative or quantitative data A pie chart allows us to observe the proportions of sectors relative to the entire data set Constructing a pie chart To construct a pie chart, a circle is divided into portions that represent the relative frequencies or percentages belonging to different categories Example 1 To construct a pie chart, construct a frequency table that gives frequency, relative frequency and the angle sizes for each category The Table below shows the determination of the angle sizes for each of the categories (primary sites for cancer of 75 patients) The 36 o in a circle are divided into portions that are proportional to the category sizes Primary Site Relative frequency Angle size Digestive system x 26 = 936 o Respiratory system x 4 = 144 o Breast x 13 = 468 o Genitals x 7 = 252 o Urinary tract x 7 = 252 o Others x 7 = 252 o Total 75 1 Urinary tract 7% Genitals 7% Breast 13% Others 7% Digestive system 26% Respiratory system 4% Example 2, if you spend 7 hours at school and 55 minutes of that time is spent eating lunch, then 131% of your school day was spent eating lunch (55/42 x 1 =131) To present this in a pie chart, you would need to find out how many degrees represent 131% This calculation is done by developing the equation: (percent 1) x 36 degrees = the number of degrees This ratio works because the total percent of the pie chart represents 1% and there are 36 degrees in a circle Therefore 471 degrees of the circle (131%) represents the time spent eating lunch 25
Section 2-2 Frequency Distributions. Copyright 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc
Section 2-2 Frequency Distributions Copyright 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. 2.1-1 Frequency Distribution Frequency Distribution (or Frequency Table) It shows how a data set is partitioned among
More informationOverview. Frequency Distributions. Chapter 2 Summarizing & Graphing Data. Descriptive Statistics. Inferential Statistics. Frequency Distribution
Chapter 2 Summarizing & Graphing Data Slide 1 Overview Descriptive Statistics Slide 2 A) Overview B) Frequency Distributions C) Visualizing Data summarize or describe the important characteristics of a
More informationChapter 2. Frequency Distributions and Graphs. Bluman, Chapter 2
Chapter 2 Frequency Distributions and Graphs 1 Chapter 2 Overview Introduction 2-1 Organizing Data 2-2 Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Ogives 2-3 Other Types of Graphs 2 Chapter 2 Objectives 1. Organize
More information2.1: Frequency Distributions
2.1: Frequency Distributions Frequency Distribution: organization of data into groups called. A: Categorical Frequency Distribution used for and level qualitative data that can be put into categories.
More informationLecture Slides. Elementary Statistics Twelfth Edition. by Mario F. Triola. and the Triola Statistics Series. Section 2.1- #
Lecture Slides Elementary Statistics Twelfth Edition and the Triola Statistics Series by Mario F. Triola Chapter 2 Summarizing and Graphing Data 2-1 Review and Preview 2-2 Frequency Distributions 2-3 Histograms
More informationTest Bank for Privitera, Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
1. A simple frequency distribution A) can be used to summarize grouped data B) can be used to summarize ungrouped data C) summarizes the frequency of scores in a given category or range 2. To determine
More informationLecture Slides. Elementary Statistics Tenth Edition. by Mario F. Triola. and the Triola Statistics Series. Slide 1
Lecture Slides Elementary Statistics Tenth Edition and the Triola Statistics Series by Mario F. Triola Slide 1 Chapter 2 Summarizing and Graphing Data 2-1 Overview 2-2 Frequency Distributions 2-3 Histograms
More informationChapter 2 - Graphical Summaries of Data
Chapter 2 - Graphical Summaries of Data Data recorded in the sequence in which they are collected and before they are processed or ranked are called raw data. Raw data is often difficult to make sense
More informationSelect Cases. Select Cases GRAPHS. The Select Cases command excludes from further. selection criteria. Select Use filter variables
Select Cases GRAPHS The Select Cases command excludes from further analysis all those cases that do not meet specified selection criteria. Select Cases For a subset of the datafile, use Select Cases. In
More informationGraphical Presentation for Statistical Data (Relevant to AAT Examination Paper 4: Business Economics and Financial Mathematics) Introduction
Graphical Presentation for Statistical Data (Relevant to AAT Examination Paper 4: Business Economics and Financial Mathematics) Y O Lam, SCOPE, City University of Hong Kong Introduction The most convenient
More information2.1: Frequency Distributions and Their Graphs
2.1: Frequency Distributions and Their Graphs Frequency Distribution - way to display data that has many entries - table that shows classes or intervals of data entries and the number of entries in each
More informationDownloaded from
UNIT 2 WHAT IS STATISTICS? Researchers deal with a large amount of data and have to draw dependable conclusions on the basis of data collected for the purpose. Statistics help the researchers in making
More informationFrequency Distributions and Graphs
//05 C H A P T E R T W O s and s and Outline CHAPTER - Organizing Data - Histograms, Polygons, and - Other Types of -4 Paired Data and Scatter Plots Learning Objectives Organize data using a frequency
More informationThis chapter will show how to organize data and then construct appropriate graphs to represent the data in a concise, easy-to-understand form.
CHAPTER 2 Frequency Distributions and Graphs Objectives Organize data using frequency distributions. Represent data in frequency distributions graphically using histograms, frequency polygons, and ogives.
More informationMATH 117 Statistical Methods for Management I Chapter Two
Jubail University College MATH 117 Statistical Methods for Management I Chapter Two There are a wide variety of ways to summarize, organize, and present data: I. Tables 1. Distribution Table (Categorical
More informationCourtesy :
STATISTICS The Nature of Statistics Introduction Statistics is the science of data Statistics is the science of conducting studies to collect, organize, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from data.
More informationMATH1635, Statistics (2)
MATH1635, Statistics (2) Chapter 2 Histograms and Frequency Distributions I. A Histogram is a form of bar graph in which: A. The width of a bar is designated by an interval or ratio data value and thus
More informationChapter 2 Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data
Slide 1 Chapter 2 Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data Slide 2 2-1 Overview 2-2 Frequency Distributions 2-3 Visualizing Data 2-4 Measures of Center 2-5 Measures of Variation 2-6 Measures of Relative
More informationChapter 2 Organizing and Graphing Data. 2.1 Organizing and Graphing Qualitative Data
Chapter 2 Organizing and Graphing Data 2.1 Organizing and Graphing Qualitative Data 2.2 Organizing and Graphing Quantitative Data 2.3 Stem-and-leaf Displays 2.4 Dotplots 2.1 Organizing and Graphing Qualitative
More informationChapter 2: Graphical Summaries of Data 2.1 Graphical Summaries for Qualitative Data. Frequency: Frequency distribution:
Chapter 2: Graphical Summaries of Data 2.1 Graphical Summaries for Qualitative Data Frequency: Frequency distribution: Example 2.1 The following are survey results from Fall 2014 Statistics class regarding
More informationChapter 2: Understanding Data Distributions with Tables and Graphs
Test Bank Chapter 2: Understanding Data with Tables and Graphs Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following would best depict nominal level data? a. pie chart b. line graph c. histogram d. polygon Ans: A
More informationElementary Statistics
1 Elementary Statistics Introduction Statistics is the collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, and then organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing
More informationCHAPTER 2. Objectives. Frequency Distributions and Graphs. Basic Vocabulary. Introduction. Organise data using frequency distributions.
CHAPTER 2 Objectives Organise data using frequency distributions. Distributions and Graphs Represent data in frequency distributions graphically using histograms, frequency polygons, and ogives. Represent
More informationChapter 2 - Frequency Distributions and Graphs
1. Which of the following does not need to be done when constructing a frequency distribution? A) select the number of classes desired B) find the range C) make the class width an even number D) use classes
More informationUNIT 15 GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF DATA-I
UNIT 15 GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF DATA-I Graphical Presentation of Data-I Structure 15.1 Introduction Objectives 15.2 Graphical Presentation 15.3 Types of Graphs Histogram Frequency Polygon Frequency Curve
More informationSpell out your full name (first, middle and last)
Spell out your full name (first, middle and last) Be ready to share the following counts: Number of letters in your full name. Number of vowels Number of consonants Section 2-1 Organizing Data After completing
More information2.3 Organizing Quantitative Data
2.3 Organizing Quantitative Data This section will focus on ways to organize quantitative data into tables, charts, and graphs. Quantitative data is organized by dividing the observations into classes
More information2.1 Objectives. Math Chapter 2. Chapter 2. Variable. Categorical Variable EXPLORING DATA WITH GRAPHS AND NUMERICAL SUMMARIES
EXPLORING DATA WITH GRAPHS AND NUMERICAL SUMMARIES Chapter 2 2.1 Objectives 2.1 What Are the Types of Data? www.managementscientist.org 1. Know the definitions of a. Variable b. Categorical versus quantitative
More informationThe basic arrangement of numeric data is called an ARRAY. Array is the derived data from fundamental data Example :- To store marks of 50 student
Organizing data Learning Outcome 1. make an array 2. divide the array into class intervals 3. describe the characteristics of a table 4. construct a frequency distribution table 5. constructing a composite
More informationLAB 1 INSTRUCTIONS DESCRIBING AND DISPLAYING DATA
LAB 1 INSTRUCTIONS DESCRIBING AND DISPLAYING DATA This lab will assist you in learning how to summarize and display categorical and quantitative data in StatCrunch. In particular, you will learn how to
More informationBUSINESS DECISION MAKING. Topic 1 Introduction to Statistical Thinking and Business Decision Making Process; Data Collection and Presentation
BUSINESS DECISION MAKING Topic 1 Introduction to Statistical Thinking and Business Decision Making Process; Data Collection and Presentation (Chap 1 The Nature of Probability and Statistics) (Chap 2 Frequency
More informationAND NUMERICAL SUMMARIES. Chapter 2
EXPLORING DATA WITH GRAPHS AND NUMERICAL SUMMARIES Chapter 2 2.1 What Are the Types of Data? 2.1 Objectives www.managementscientist.org 1. Know the definitions of a. Variable b. Categorical versus quantitative
More informationChapter Two: Descriptive Methods 1/50
Chapter Two: Descriptive Methods 1/50 2.1 Introduction 2/50 2.1 Introduction We previously said that descriptive statistics is made up of various techniques used to summarize the information contained
More informationRaw Data. Statistics 1/8/2016. Relative Frequency Distribution. Frequency Distributions for Qualitative Data
Statistics Raw Data Raw data is random and unranked data. Organizing Data Frequency distributions list all the categories and the numbers of elements that belong to each category Frequency Distributions
More informationChapter 2: Descriptive Statistics
Chapter 2: Descriptive Statistics Student Learning Outcomes By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Display data graphically and interpret graphs: stemplots, histograms and boxplots. Recognize,
More information+ Statistical Methods in
+ Statistical Methods in Practice STA/MTH 3379 + Dr. A. B. W. Manage Associate Professor of Statistics Department of Mathematics & Statistics Sam Houston State University Discovering Statistics 2nd Edition
More informationRaw Data is data before it has been arranged in a useful manner or analyzed using statistical techniques.
Section 2.1 - Introduction Graphs are commonly used to organize, summarize, and analyze collections of data. Using a graph to visually present a data set makes it easy to comprehend and to describe the
More informationAt the end of the chapter, you will learn to: Present data in textual form. Construct different types of table and graphs
DATA PRESENTATION At the end of the chapter, you will learn to: Present data in textual form Construct different types of table and graphs Identify the characteristics of a good table and graph Identify
More informationThings you ll know (or know better to watch out for!) when you leave in December: 1. What you can and cannot infer from graphs.
1 2 Things you ll know (or know better to watch out for!) when you leave in December: 1. What you can and cannot infer from graphs. 2. How to construct (in your head!) and interpret confidence intervals.
More informationMiddle Years Data Analysis Display Methods
Middle Years Data Analysis Display Methods Double Bar Graph A double bar graph is an extension of a single bar graph. Any bar graph involves categories and counts of the number of people or things (frequency)
More informationOrganizing and Summarizing Data
1 Organizing and Summarizing Data Key Definitions Frequency Distribution: This lists each category of data and how often they occur. : The percent of observations within the one of the categories. This
More informationCommon Core Vocabulary and Representations
Vocabulary Description Representation 2-Column Table A two-column table shows the relationship between two values. 5 Group Columns 5 group columns represent 5 more or 5 less. a ten represented as a 5-group
More informationLecture Series on Statistics -HSTC. Frequency Graphs " Dr. Bijaya Bhusan Nanda, Ph. D. (Stat.)
Lecture Series on Statistics -HSTC Frequency Graphs " By Dr. Bijaya Bhusan Nanda, Ph. D. (Stat.) CONTENT Histogram Frequency polygon Smoothed frequency curve Cumulative frequency curve or ogives Learning
More information- 1 - Class Intervals
- 1 - Class Intervals To work with continuous numeric data and to represent it in some sort of a graph or a chart, you have to separate the data into class intervals that is, intervals of equal length.
More informationUsing a percent or a letter grade allows us a very easy way to analyze our performance. Not a big deal, just something we do regularly.
GRAPHING We have used statistics all our lives, what we intend to do now is formalize that knowledge. Statistics can best be defined as a collection and analysis of numerical information. Often times we
More informationSTP 226 ELEMENTARY STATISTICS NOTES
ELEMENTARY STATISTICS NOTES PART 2 - DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS CHAPTER 2 ORGANIZING DATA Descriptive Statistics - include methods for organizing and summarizing information clearly and effectively. - classify
More informationFrequency Distributions
Displaying Data Frequency Distributions After collecting data, the first task for a researcher is to organize and summarize the data so that it is possible to get a general overview of the results. Remember,
More informationDescribing Data: Frequency Tables, Frequency Distributions, and Graphic Presentation
Describing Data: Frequency Tables, Frequency Distributions, and Graphic Presentation Chapter 2 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. GOALS 1. Organize
More informationStatistics can best be defined as a collection and analysis of numerical information.
Statistical Graphs There are many ways to organize data pictorially using statistical graphs. There are line graphs, stem and leaf plots, frequency tables, histograms, bar graphs, pictographs, circle graphs
More informationTMTH 3360 NOTES ON COMMON GRAPHS AND CHARTS
To Describe Data, consider: Symmetry Skewness TMTH 3360 NOTES ON COMMON GRAPHS AND CHARTS Unimodal or bimodal or uniform Extreme values Range of Values and mid-range Most frequently occurring values In
More informationdownload instant at Summarizing Data: Listing and Grouping
Ch. 2 download instant at www.easysemester.com Summarizing Data: Listing and Grouping 2.1 Multiple Choice Questions MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers
More information1.2. Pictorial and Tabular Methods in Descriptive Statistics
1.2. Pictorial and Tabular Methods in Descriptive Statistics Section Objectives. 1. Stem-and-Leaf displays. 2. Dotplots. 3. Histogram. Types of histogram shapes. Common notation. Sample size n : the number
More informationMath Tech IIII, Sep 14
Math Tech IIII, Sep 14 Variations on the Frequency Histogram 2 Book Sections: 2.3 Essential Questions: What are the methods for displaying data, and how can I build them? What are variations of the frequency
More information28 CHAPTER 2 Summarizing and Graphing Data
8 CHAPTER Summarizing and Graphing Data. The two requested histograms are given below. They give very different visual images of the shape of the distribution. An outlier can have a significant effect
More informationLESSON 3: CENTRAL TENDENCY
LESSON 3: CENTRAL TENDENCY Outline Arithmetic mean, median and mode Ungrouped data Grouped data Percentiles, fractiles, and quartiles Ungrouped data Grouped data 1 MEAN Mean is defined as follows: Sum
More informationPrepare a stem-and-leaf graph for the following data. In your final display, you should arrange the leaves for each stem in increasing order.
Chapter 2 2.1 Descriptive Statistics A stem-and-leaf graph, also called a stemplot, allows for a nice overview of quantitative data without losing information on individual observations. It can be a good
More informationJUST THE MATHS UNIT NUMBER STATISTICS 1 (The presentation of data) A.J.Hobson
JUST THE MATHS UNIT NUMBER 18.1 STATISTICS 1 (The presentation of data) by A.J.Hobson 18.1.1 Introduction 18.1.2 The tabulation of data 18.1.3 The graphical representation of data 18.1.4 Exercises 18.1.5
More informationProb and Stats, Sep 4
Prob and Stats, Sep 4 Variations on the Frequency Histogram Book Sections: N/A Essential Questions: What are the methods for displaying data, and how can I build them? What are variations of the frequency
More informationChapter 2. Descriptive Statistics: Organizing, Displaying and Summarizing Data
Chapter 2 Descriptive Statistics: Organizing, Displaying and Summarizing Data Objectives Student should be able to Organize data Tabulate data into frequency/relative frequency tables Display data graphically
More informationChapter 2. Frequency distribution. Summarizing and Graphing Data
Frequency distribution Chapter 2 Summarizing and Graphing Data Shows how data are partitioned among several categories (or classes) by listing the categories along with the number (frequency) of data values
More informationRound each observation to the nearest tenth of a cent and draw a stem and leaf plot.
Warm Up Round each observation to the nearest tenth of a cent and draw a stem and leaf plot. 1. Constructing Frequency Polygons 2. Create Cumulative Frequency and Cumulative Relative Frequency Tables 3.
More informationSection 2-2. Histograms, frequency polygons and ogives. Friday, January 25, 13
Section 2-2 Histograms, frequency polygons and ogives 1 Histograms 2 Histograms The histogram is a graph that displays the data by using contiguous vertical bars of various heights to represent the frequencies
More informationChapter 1. Looking at Data-Distribution
Chapter 1. Looking at Data-Distribution Statistics is the scientific discipline that provides methods to draw right conclusions: 1)Collecting the data 2)Describing the data 3)Drawing the conclusions Raw
More informationSTAT STATISTICAL METHODS. Statistics: The science of using data to make decisions and draw conclusions
STAT 515 --- STATISTICAL METHODS Statistics: The science of using data to make decisions and draw conclusions Two branches: Descriptive Statistics: The collection and presentation (through graphical and
More information8 Organizing and Displaying
CHAPTER 8 Organizing and Displaying Data for Comparison Chapter Outline 8.1 BASIC GRAPH TYPES 8.2 DOUBLE LINE GRAPHS 8.3 TWO-SIDED STEM-AND-LEAF PLOTS 8.4 DOUBLE BAR GRAPHS 8.5 DOUBLE BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOTS
More informationMath 227 EXCEL / MEGASTAT Guide
Math 227 EXCEL / MEGASTAT Guide Introduction Introduction: Ch2: Frequency Distributions and Graphs Construct Frequency Distributions and various types of graphs: Histograms, Polygons, Pie Charts, Stem-and-Leaf
More informationProbability and Statistics. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Probability and Statistics Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 14.6 Descriptive Statistics (Graphical) Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Objectives Data in Categories Histograms
More informationMeasures of Central Tendency. A measure of central tendency is a value used to represent the typical or average value in a data set.
Measures of Central Tendency A measure of central tendency is a value used to represent the typical or average value in a data set. The Mean the sum of all data values divided by the number of values in
More informationChapter 5snow year.notebook March 15, 2018
Chapter 5: Statistical Reasoning Section 5.1 Exploring Data Measures of central tendency (Mean, Median and Mode) attempt to describe a set of data by identifying the central position within a set of data
More information2.4-Statistical Graphs
2.4-Statistical Graphs Frequency Polygon: A frequency polygon uses line segments connected to points directly above class midpoint values. Example: Given the following frequency table for the pulse rate
More informationUse of GeoGebra in teaching about central tendency and spread variability
CREAT. MATH. INFORM. 21 (2012), No. 1, 57-64 Online version at http://creative-mathematics.ubm.ro/ Print Edition: ISSN 1584-286X Online Edition: ISSN 1843-441X Use of GeoGebra in teaching about central
More informationStatistics for Managers Using Microsoft Excel, 7e (Levine) Chapter 2 Organizing and Visualizing Data
Statistics for Managers Using Microsoft Excel, 7e (Levine) Chapter 2 Organizing and Visualizing Data 1) A summary measure that is computed to describe a characteristic from only a sample of the population
More informationPart I, Chapters 4 & 5. Data Tables and Data Analysis Statistics and Figures
Part I, Chapters 4 & 5 Data Tables and Data Analysis Statistics and Figures Descriptive Statistics 1 Are data points clumped? (order variable / exp. variable) Concentrated around one value? Concentrated
More informationTabular & Graphical Presentation of data
Tabular & Graphical Presentation of data bjectives: To know how to make frequency distributions and its importance To know different terminology in frequency distribution table To learn different graphs/diagrams
More informationLesson 18-1 Lesson Lesson 18-1 Lesson Lesson 18-2 Lesson 18-2
Topic 18 Set A Words survey data Topic 18 Set A Words Lesson 18-1 Lesson 18-1 sample line plot Lesson 18-1 Lesson 18-1 frequency table bar graph Lesson 18-2 Lesson 18-2 Instead of making 2-sided copies
More informationMaking Science Graphs and Interpreting Data
Making Science Graphs and Interpreting Data Eye Opener: 5 mins What do you see? What do you think? Look up terms you don t know What do Graphs Tell You? A graph is a way of expressing a relationship between
More informationDecimals should be spoken digit by digit eg 0.34 is Zero (or nought) point three four (NOT thirty four).
Numeracy Essentials Section 1 Number Skills Reading and writing numbers All numbers should be written correctly. Most pupils are able to read, write and say numbers up to a thousand, but often have difficulty
More informationa. divided by the. 1) Always round!! a) Even if class width comes out to a, go up one.
Probability and Statistics Chapter 2 Notes I Section 2-1 A Steps to Constructing Frequency Distributions 1 Determine number of (may be given to you) a Should be between and classes 2 Find the Range a The
More informationCHAPTER 2: SAMPLING AND DATA
CHAPTER 2: SAMPLING AND DATA This presentation is based on material and graphs from Open Stax and is copyrighted by Open Stax and Georgia Highlands College. OUTLINE 2.1 Stem-and-Leaf Graphs (Stemplots),
More information2. The histogram. class limits class boundaries frequency cumulative frequency
MA 115 Lecture 03 - Some Standard Graphs Friday, September, 017 Objectives: Introduce some standard statistical graph types. 1. Some Standard Kinds of Graphs Last week, we looked at the Frequency Distribution
More informationStat 528 (Autumn 2008) Density Curves and the Normal Distribution. Measures of center and spread. Features of the normal distribution
Stat 528 (Autumn 2008) Density Curves and the Normal Distribution Reading: Section 1.3 Density curves An example: GRE scores Measures of center and spread The normal distribution Features of the normal
More informationData Statistics Population. Census Sample Correlation... Statistical & Practical Significance. Qualitative Data Discrete Data Continuous Data
Data Statistics Population Census Sample Correlation... Voluntary Response Sample Statistical & Practical Significance Quantitative Data Qualitative Data Discrete Data Continuous Data Fewer vs Less Ratio
More informationMeasures of Central Tendency
Page of 6 Measures of Central Tendency A measure of central tendency is a value used to represent the typical or average value in a data set. The Mean The sum of all data values divided by the number of
More informationTable of Contents (As covered from textbook)
Table of Contents (As covered from textbook) Ch 1 Data and Decisions Ch 2 Displaying and Describing Categorical Data Ch 3 Displaying and Describing Quantitative Data Ch 4 Correlation and Linear Regression
More informationCHAPTER 2: ORGANIZING AND VISUALIZING VARIABLES
Organizing and Visualizing Variables 2-1 CHAPTER 2: ORGANIZING AND VISUALIZING VARIABLES SCENARIO 2-1 An insurance company evaluates many numerical variables about a person before deciding on an appropriate
More informationChapter 2 Descriptive Statistics I: Tabular and Graphical Presentations. Learning objectives
Chapter 2 Descriptive Statistics I: Tabular and Graphical Presentations Slide 1 Learning objectives 1. Single variable 1.1. How to use Tables and Graphs to summarize data 1.1.1. Qualitative data 1.1.2.
More information12. A(n) is the number of times an item or number occurs in a data set.
Chapter 15 Vocabulary Practice Match each definition to its corresponding term. a. data b. statistical question c. population d. sample e. data analysis f. parameter g. statistic h. survey i. experiment
More informationApplied Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
Applied Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences Chapter 2 Frequency Distributions and Graphs Chapter 2 Outline Organization of Data Simple Frequency Distributions Grouped Frequency Distributions Graphs
More informationOrganisation and Presentation of Data in Medical Research Dr K Saji.MD(Hom)
Organisation and Presentation of Data in Medical Research Dr K Saji.MD(Hom) Any data collected by a research or reference also known as raw data are always in an unorganized form and need to be organized
More informationSummarising Data. Mark Lunt 09/10/2018. Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit University of Manchester
Summarising Data Mark Lunt Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit University of Manchester 09/10/2018 Summarising Data Today we will consider Different types of data Appropriate ways to summarise these
More informationSlides Prepared by JOHN S. LOUCKS St. Edward s s University Thomson/South-Western. Slide
s Prepared by JOHN S. LOUCKS St. Edward s s University 1 Chapter 2 Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Presentations Part B Exploratory Data Analysis Crosstabulations and y Scatter Diagrams x
More informationSpecial Review Section. Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Special Review Section SRS-1--1 Special Review Section Chapter 1: The Where, Why, and How of Data Collection Chapter 2: Graphs, Charts, and Tables Describing Your Data Chapter 3: Describing Data Using
More informationTeaching Tips for Each Chapter
CHAPTER 1: GETTING STARTED Double-Blind Studies (Section 1.3) Teaching Tips for Each Chapter The double-blind method of data collection, mentioned at the end of Section 1.3, is an important part of standard
More informationUnivariate Statistics Summary
Further Maths Univariate Statistics Summary Types of Data Data can be classified as categorical or numerical. Categorical data are observations or records that are arranged according to category. For example:
More informationChpt 2. Frequency Distributions and Graphs. 2-4 Pareto chart, time series graph, Pie chart / 35
Chpt 2 Frequency Distributions and Graphs 2-4 Pareto chart, time series graph, Pie chart 1 Chpt 2 2-4 Read pages 63-77 p76 Applying the Concepts p77 1, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15 Homework 2 Chpt 2 Objectives
More informationName Date Types of Graphs and Creating Graphs Notes
Name Date Types of Graphs and Creating Graphs Notes Graphs are helpful visual representations of data. Different graphs display data in different ways. Some graphs show individual data, but many do not.
More informationMaths Revision Worksheet: Algebra I Week 1 Revision 5 Problems per night
2 nd Year Maths Revision Worksheet: Algebra I Maths Revision Worksheet: Algebra I Week 1 Revision 5 Problems per night 1. I know how to add and subtract positive and negative numbers. 2. I know how to
More informationStatistical Methods. Instructor: Lingsong Zhang. Any questions, ask me during the office hour, or me, I will answer promptly.
Statistical Methods Instructor: Lingsong Zhang 1 Issues before Class Statistical Methods Lingsong Zhang Office: Math 544 Email: lingsong@purdue.edu Phone: 765-494-7913 Office Hour: Monday 1:00 pm - 2:00
More informationBasic Business Statistics, 12e (Berenson/Levine/Krehbiel/Stephan) Chapter 2 Organizing and Visualizing Data. Chapter 2 Questions
Basic Business Statistics, 12e (Berenson/Levine/Krehbiel/Stephan) Chapter 2 Organizing and Visualizing Data Chapter 2 Questions 1) Jared was working on a project to look at global warming and accessed
More informationChapter 3 - Displaying and Summarizing Quantitative Data
Chapter 3 - Displaying and Summarizing Quantitative Data 3.1 Graphs for Quantitative Data (LABEL GRAPHS) August 25, 2014 Histogram (p. 44) - Graph that uses bars to represent different frequencies or relative
More information