Perception, Drawing and Interactive Modeling. Karan Singh
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1 Perception, Drawing and Interactive Modeling Karan Singh
2 Sketchpad (Ivan Sutherland 1963) Humans have an audio IN and OUT, a video IN but no explicit video OUT!
3 video IN: Projection & Perception
4 video IN: Projection & Perception
5 video OUT: Sketching & Sculpting Most children between the ages of about 9-11 have a passion for realistic drawing. many adolescents say, This is terrible! I have no talent for art. I m not doing it anymore. regardless, we all mould, gesture and doodle!
6 Concept Modeling The transformation of a creative vision into a digital 3D model, that is easy to refine and reuse.
7 Concept Modeling comes after Ideation
8 History of sketching tools Sketchpad [Sutherland 1963] SKETCH [Zeleznik et al 1996] Teddy [Igarashi et al 1999] ILoveSketch [Bae et al 2008]
9 evolution of the espressoman I Sketch. 3D Analytic Drawing. 3D Curve network surfacing. Slices, FlatFab: planar sections. CrossShade. True2Form. MeshMixer.
10 I SKETCH: multi-view sketching [Bae, Balakrishnan & Singh, ILoveSketch: As-natural-as-possible sketching system for creating 3D curve models. ACM UIST 2008] [Bae, Balakrishnan & Singh, EverybodyLovesSketch: 3D Sketching for a Broader Audience. ACM UIST 2009]
11 Sketching performance & perception
12 Sketching performance & perception Humans have an audio IN and OUT, biased video IN but no explicit video OUT!
13 Modeling Perceptual Bias inference rendering [Schmidt, Khan, Kurtenbach, Singh, On expert performance in 3D curve drawing tasks. SBIM 2009]
14 Experts and drawing systems
15 Analytic Drawing: single-view sketching [Schmidt, Khan, Singh, Kurtenbach, Analytic drawing of 3D scaffolds. SIGGRAPH Asia 2009]
16 Analytic Drawing: inference engine Scaffold constraints: position, direction, length. 3D curve fitness: snapping, geometric priors. Redundancy resolves ambiguity.
17 evolution of the espressoman I Sketch. 3D Analytic Drawing. 3D Curve network surfacing. Slices, FlatFab: planar sections. CrossShade. True2Form. MeshMixer.
18 Curve network surfacing Determine cycles Patch cycles
19 Determine cycles: topology+geometry
20 [Sadri & Singh, Flow Complex based shape reconstruction from 3D curves. SIGGRAPH 2014]
21 Patch cycles: Coons Patch interpolate(b 0,b 2 ) b 0 b 3 b 2 b 1 interpolate(b 1,b 3 ) bilinear interpolation
22 Patch cycles: design quadrangulation [Bessmeltsev, Wang, Sheffer, Singh, Design-Driven Quadrangulation of Closed 3D Curves. SIGGRAPH Asia 2012]
23 Patch cycles: How do designers work? Cycles represent flow-lines smooth, low variation curves aligned with creases and curvature lines. Curve segment pairs like river banks define flow-lines. Crossing flow-line families form quads. Problem: segment+match
24 Patch cycles: Stable matching matching cost= bridge curvature + segment shape. Interleave segmentation and matching.
25 evolution of the espressoman I Sketch. 3D Analytic Drawing. 3D Curve network surfacing. Slices, FlatFab: planar sections. CrossShade. True2Form. MeshMixer.
26 How important are non-planar curves?
27 Slices: problem statement Compute a recognizable abstraction of a 3D model using a minimal set of planar sections. [McCrae, Singh, Mitra, Slices: A Shape-proxy Based on Planar Sections. SIGGRAPH Asia 2011]
28 Slices: Human creation=>algorithm=>human recognition Humans consistently selected a small set of planar sections, strongly correlated with geometric shape features. 18 humans, 19 models, avg planes. Problem reposed as min planar section cover of shape features. Recognition: mesh/human/algorithm (rate >90%, response < 2s). PCA (rate=57%) random (rate=38%) (response > 4s).
29 Slices
30 FlatFab: interactive slices [McCrae, Umetani, Singh, FlatFitFab: Interactive Modeling with Planar Sections. ACM UIST 2014]
31 FlatFab: design principles Design collateral 3D objects, 2D images. Shape Regularity. Near frontoparallel views. Single view interface.
32 FlatFab
33 CrossShade: special planar curves?
34 CrossShade: special planar curves? [Shao, Bousseau, Sheffer, Singh, CrossShade: Shading Concept Sketches Using Cross-Section Curves SIGGRAPH 2012]
35 CrossShade: design analysis Cross-sections on a surface explain or emphasize its curvature. bend or transform the object s surface.
36 CrossShade: perceptual study Viewers are persistent, consistent and accurate in X-hair perception.
37 CrossShade: defining cross-hairs Plane Orthogonality Local curvature lines Local Geodesics Minimal Foreshortening Orientation
38 CrossShade: Algorithm
39 CrossShade: Algorithm Compute X-section planes, X-hair normals: use 5 properties.
40 CrossShade: Algorithm Compute X-section planes, X-hair normals: use 5 properties. Propagate normals along X-section curves: minimize twist.
41 CrossShade: Algorithm Compute X-section planes, X-hair normals: use 5 properties. Propagate normals along X-section curves: minimize twist. Propagate normals into interior regions: Coons interpolation.
42 CrossShade: Algorithm Compute X-section planes, X-hair normals: use 5 properties. Propagate normals along X-section curves: minimize twist. Propagate normals into interior regions: Coons interpolation. Shade!
43 CrossShade: Results
44 True2Form 2D sketch Crossshade True2Form True2Form side view 3D side view 3D input overlay [Xu, Chang, Bousseau, McCrae, Sheffer, Singh, True2Form: 3D curve networks from 2D sketches via selective regularization. SIGGRAPH 2014]
45 True2Form: fidelity and regularity
46 True2Form: Sketch Fidelity Projection accuracy Minimal variation Minimal foreshortening
47 True2Form: Shape Regularity Parallel Orthogonal Symmetry Curve Planarity
48 True2Form: perceptual validation Humans consistently perceive 3D parallelism, symmetry, orthogonality, linearity and planarity cues in 2D sketches. Human perception matches our algorithm, when consistent.
49 True2Form vs. Analytic Drawing
50 True2Form vs. ILoveSketch
51 True2Form: results
52 Conceptual Design The transformation of a creative vision into a digital 3D model, that is easy to refine and reuse. 52
![MeshMixer [Schmidt, Singh, MeshMixer SIGGRAPH 2010 talks] www.meshmixer.com (acquired by Autodesk Inc.](/docs-images/84/91194513/images/53-0.jpg ") [Takayama, Schmidt, Singh, Igarashi, Boubekeur, Sorkine, GeoBrush: interactive mesh geometry cloning.")
53 MeshMixer [Schmidt, Singh, MeshMixer SIGGRAPH 2010 talks] (acquired by Autodesk Inc.) [Takayama, Schmidt, Singh, Igarashi, Boubekeur, Sorkine, GeoBrush: interactive mesh geometry cloning. Eurographics 2011]
54 Parametric boundary based deformation
55 Key Messages Centuries of visual experience captured in artistic practice. We have no VIDEO OUT and a biased VIDEO IN. Regularization: priors, procedural, constraints. Principled approaches to art+perception focused design: Understand artistic and perceptual insights. Model or statistically fit artist and viewer data. Leave user ultimate creative control. Validate results perceptually. Better tools = Better VIDEO OUT Better tools!= Better content
56 Acknowledgements Seok-Hyung Bae, Ravin Balakrishnan, Mikhail Bessmeltsev, Tamy Boubekeur, Adrien Bousseau, Will Chang, Takeo Igarashi, Azam Khan, Gord Kurtenbach, James McCrae, Niloy Mitra, Ryan Schmidt, Bardia Sadri, Cloud Shao, Alla Sheffer, Olga Sorkine, Kenshi Takayama, Nobuyuki Umetani, Brian Xu. dgp, GRAND, NSERC. 1. [Bae, Balakrishnan, Singh, ILoveSketch: As-natural-as-possible sketching system for creating 3D curve models. ACM UIST 2008] 2. [Bae, Balakrishnan, Singh, EverybodyLovesSketch: 3D Sketching for a Broader Audience. ACM UIST 2009] 3. [Schmidt, Khan, Singh, Kurtenbach, Analytic drawing of 3D scaffolds. SIGGRAPH Asia 2009] 4. [Schmidt, Khan, Kurtenbach, Singh, On expert performance in 3D curve drawing tasks. SBIM 2009] 5. [Sadri & Singh, Flow Complex based shape reconstruction from 3D curves. SIGGRAPH 2014] 6. [Bessmeltsev, Wang, Sheffer, Singh, Design-Driven Quadrangulation of Closed 3D Curves. SIGGRAPH Asia 2012] 7. [McCrae, Singh, Mitra, Slices: A Shape-proxy Based on Planar Sections. SIGGRAPH Asia 2011] 8. [McCrae, Umetani, Singh, FlatFitFab: Interactive Modeling with Planar Sections. ACM UIST 2014] 9. [Shao, Bousseau, Sheffer, Singh, CrossShade: Shading Concept Sketches Using Cross-Section Curves SIGGRAPH 2012] 10.[Xu, Chang, Bousseau, McCrae, Sheffer, Singh, True2Form: 3D curve networks from 2D sketches via selective regularization. SIGGRAPH 2014] 11.[Schmidt, Singh, MeshMixer SIGGRAPH 2010 talks] 12.[Takayama, Schmidt, Singh, Igarashi, Boubekeur, Sorkine, GeoBrush: interactive mesh geometry cloning. Eurographics 2011]
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