Raspberry Pi - I/O Interfaces
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1 ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design Raspberry Pi - I/O Interfaces Wei Gao ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 1
2 I/O Interfaces Parallel I/O and Serial I/O Parallel I/O: multiple input/output simultaneously Data Bus, Address Bus, Intel 8255, printer Serial I/O: transferring data between CPU and peripherals one bit at a time, sequentially Ethernet, USB, Inter-integrated Circuit, Serial Peripheral Interface ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 2
3 I/O Interfaces Parallel v.s. Serial Parallel Wider bandwidth More wires indicate more overhead Simple I/O operation Serial 1-bit transfer per time unit Less wires indicate less overhead Complex I/O protocol ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 3
4 I/O Interfaces Serial over Parallel Parallel interfaces have less reliability Interference and noise corrupt data Capacitance and mutual inductance affects bandwidth Serial Less mutual interference between wires Higher clock frequency increases transmission rate ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 4
5 Inter-integrated Circuit (I2C) Inter-integrated Circuit (I 2 C or I2C) Two-wire interface Simple master/slave relationships No strict baud requirement and a master generates a bus clock Each device is software-addressable by a unique address Philips semiconductors (now NXP) ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 5
6 Inter-integrated Circuit (I2C) I 2 C connection example ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 6
7 Inter-integrated Circuit (I2C) I 2 C Terminology Master: sends out signals (clock signal and communication signal) to slaves Slave: listens to the bus and waits to be addressed by master Multi-master: I2C allows connections of multiple masters Arbitration: decides which master to use wire ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 7
8 Inter-integrated Circuit (I2C) I 2 C Bus Signal Serial Clock Line (SCL): synchronize all data transfer over I2C bus Serial Data Line (SDL): convey data among masters and slaves ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 8
9 Inter-integrated Circuit (I2C) Serial Data Transfer One bit data transferred per each clock pulse SDA signal can only change when the SCL signal is low Data should be stable when clock is high ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 9
10 Inter-integrated Circuit (I2C) Start and Stop condition Both initiated by master SCL has to be high in both case SDA High to low: START Low to high: STOP ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 10
11 Inter-integrated Circuit (I2C) Data Transfer Data is transferred in sequence of 8 bits Acknowledgement (ACK) bit follows 8-bit data transfer 9 clock pulses are for each 8-bit data ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 11
12 Inter-integrated Circuit (I2C) Device Addressing 7-bit addresses Remaining 1 bit is for Read/Write command 1 is for Read 0 is for Write Located at LSB Each slave device has an unique address ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 12
13 Inter-integrated Circuit (I2C) Communication with 7-bit I2C Address Initiating communication Addressing slave device Transferring data Ending communication ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 13
14 Inter-integrated Circuit (I2C) Smart phone Automotive Instrument Robotics Aerospace ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 14
15 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Serial protocol Peripheral connections in embedded system Microcontroller EEPROMs Quick communication over short distance Motorola ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 15
16 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Basic Model Serial Click (SCLK or SCK): clock pulse that synchronizes data transmission generated by master Master In Slave Out (MISO): slave line for sending data to master Master Out Slave In (MOSI): master line for sending data to peripherals. Slave Select(SS): pin on which device the master could use to enable/disable specific devices ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 16
17 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Multiple Slaves Model One master Full duplex communication ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 17
18 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Bus Standard Clock Priority (CPOL): designate default value (high/low) of SCK signal Clock Phase (CPHA): determine which edge of clock data is sampled(rising/falling) CPOP = 0 and CPHA = 0 indicates that the data is sampled at rising edge. ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 18
19 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Bus timing ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 19
20 Serial Peripheral Interface Write/Read Transaction Write Transaction lower SS# to select slave device sending instruction bytes and data bytes via MOSI ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 20
21 Serial Peripheral Interface Write/Read Transaction Read Transaction lower SS# to select slave device sending instruction byte via MOSI and receiving data byte by MISO ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 21
22 SPI v.s. I2C Which one? I2C require two wires while SPI may need more SPI support full-duplex communication while I2C is slower I2C is more power-consuming than SPI I2C has ACK to verify data transfer while SPI is not I2C may have multiple master but SPI only has one master ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 22
23 SPI v.s. I2C SPI I2C high speed and low consumption application faster large number of peripheral requirement and multiple masters flexible But both are robust protocols for embedded applications ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 23
24 Universal Serial Bus (USB) Universal Serial Bus (USB) USB: cable, connector and communication protocols for connection, communication and power supply between computer and devices. ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 24
25 Universal Serial Bus (USB) USB Evolvement ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 25
26 Universal Serial Bus (USB) Master-Slave connection Master: deciding what happen Hardware Detecting USB connection Providing electrical power Controlling data transfer Software Handling connectivity Configuring USB devices Running device driver Managing power and bandwidth Slave: listening ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 26
27 Universal Serial Bus (USB) Complex Protocol Data Transmission consists of three packets Token packet: header that defines transaction type, direction, device address and endpoint Data packet: transmission of data Handshake packet: acknowledgement of final status for transaction ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 27
28 Universal Serial Bus (USB) 4 Data Transfer Type Control transfer: exchange configuration, command information between device and host Isochronous transfer: used by time-sensitive application such as speaker, video camera Bulk transfer: used by scanners and printers that receive data in one big packet and time is not crucial Interrupt transfer: used by peripherals which need immediate attention from host ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 28
29 General Purpose Input/Output General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) physical pins on board, not a bus input/output behavior controlled by user at run time no predefined purpose on pins ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 29
30 General Purpose Input/Output Pin Operation pin could be configured input/output pin could be disabled/enabled two modes(high/low) Configured as output to light LED Configured as input to get motion of push button ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 30
31 General Purpose Input/Output Protocols on Pi s GPIO I2C SPI GPIO 2 & 3: SDA and SCL GPIO 7 & 8: SS GPIO 9, 10 & 11: MISO, MOSI, SCK UART GPIO 14 & 15: TXD and RXD Other GPIO pin power, ground and normal pin with Input/output configuration ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 31
32 Lab 2 Lab 2 is due 10/16 and 10/18 Everyone checks out one Raspberry Pi from the TA 5% in final grade You will work on it on your own No collaboration is allowed! Need to let the TA check you off Practicing with I/O over Raspberry Pi Using the pre-installed Python libraries to operate SenseHAT Interrupts over Linux OS ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 32
33 Sense HAT LED Matrix Accelerometer Gyroscope Magnetometer Temperature Humidity Pressure Joystick ECE 1160/2160 Embedded Systems Design 33
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