Smart Cities and Security. Security - 1

Transcription

1 Smart Cities and Security Security - 1

2 Where are we in 2013? Security - 2

3 Where are we in 2050? Security - 3

4 Our Topics Who is concerned? Security of the electric grid Security of the water supply Security of the medicine supply Cybersecurity Wrapup Security - 4

5 Who is concerned? National Climate Assessment AUG. 7, 2017 (4 th annual report) A final draft report by scientists from 13 federal agencies concludes that Americans are feeling the effects of climate change right now. The report was completed this year and is part of the National Climate Assessment, which is congressionally mandated every four years. Security - 5

6 Who is concerned about urban areas? Security - 6

7 Key Message 1: 11.Urban Systems, Infrastructure, and Vulnerability Climate change and its impacts threaten the well-being of urban residents in all U.S. regions. Essential infrastructure systems such as water, energy supply, and transportation will increasingly be compromised by interrelated climate change impacts. The nation s economy, security, and culture all depend on the resilience of urban infrastructure systems. Security - 7

8 Key Message 2: 11.Urban Systems, Infrastructure, and Vulnerability In urban settings, climate-related disruptions of services in one infrastructure system will almost always result in disruptions in one or more other infrastructure systems. Security - 8

9 Key Message 3: 11.Urban Systems, Infrastructure, and Vulnerability Climate vulnerability and adaptive capacity of urban residents and communities are influenced by pronounced social inequalities that reflect age, ethnicity, gender, income, health, and (dis)ability differences. Security - 9

10 Key Message 4: 11.Urban Systems, Infrastructure, and Vulnerability City government agencies and organizations have started adaptation plans that focus on infrastructure systems and public health. To be successful, these adaptation efforts require cooperative private sector and governmental activities, but face many barriers to implementing these combined efforts. Security - 10

11 Urban winter Security - 11

12 Urban power outage Security - 12

13 Urban sea power Security - 13

14 Urban flooding Security - 14

15 Who is concerned? Some individuals want to be prepared - Security - 15

16 Our Topics Who is concerned? Security of the electric grid Security of the water supply Security of the medicine supply Cybersecurity Wrapup Security - 16

17 Major sections of the national grid Security - 17

18 Security of the electric grid A grid that incorporates computing and communications intelligence unfortunately presents potential attackers with many new opportunities, requiring a holistic approach to security that takes hardware infrastructure and software into account. Security - 18

19 The emerging electric grid Bulk electric power system elements Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system general layout Concept of a smart grid network Security - 19

20 Bulk electric power grid system elements Security - 20

21 SCADA system general layout Security - 21

22 Concept of a smart grid network Security - 22

23 Major types of vulnerability Physical vulnerability High-voltage transformer units Major towers in sparse areas Cyber vulnerability Disrupt electricity flow Transmit false data Disable protective systems Personnel vulnerability Security - 23

24 Damage management factors Increase system robustness Distributed generation Harden key sites Strong encryption, etc. Allow for graceful degradation Rapid subsystem isolation Skeleton operations Security - 24

25 Damage management factors Accelerate restoration of service Reserve equipment stocks Trained personnel on call Maintain critical services Water supplies and sewage Hospital services Police and fire services Traffic controls Security - 25

26 Our Topics Security of the electric grid Security of the water supply Security of the medicine supply Cybersecurity Smart Cities and security Security - 26

27 Security of the water supply The urban water crisis With more people living in cities than ever before, securing future water supplies is a matter of conservation. Water and terrorism How big is the risk? Security - 27

28 The urban water situation Large cities are facing both a rising demand for water in a time of (increasing) scarcity and threats to the quality of the water Security - 28

29 The urban water situation Improve quality by better management of watersheds Threats are erosion and sedimentation Threats are pollution from farms and ranches Threats come from discarded medicines in the urban water supply Security - 29

30 The urban water situation Example: northeast Ohio stormwater and watersheds // Example: Los Angeles Security - 30

31 Los Angeles River watershed Security - 31

32 Los Angeles water supplies Security - 32

33 Los Angeles Aqueduct The aqueduct was opened by chief engineer William Mulholland in He said we are here consecrating this water supply and dedicating the Aqueduct to you and your children and your children s children for all time. Security - 33

34 Water and terrorism: how big the risk? Attack the infrastructure: pumps, aqueducts, piping, treatment plants Attack water quality: poisons, diseasecausing agents Damage results from lack of clean water, which is a health risk; water so contaminated that it can cause death. Security - 34

35 Water and terrorism: how big the risk? Risk of massive social disruption Compared to other types of risks, water risk is not so high as an acute problem Security - 35

36 Our Topics Security of the electric grid Security of the water supply Security of the medicine supply Cybersecurity Smart Cities and security Security - 36

37 Security of our medicine supply US medicine supply is one of the safest in the world. But the supply chain is increasingly complex as it becomes more global. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guards the integrity of our supply. What are some of the threats How widespread could the damage be? Security - 37

38 Threats to our medicine supply Counterfeiting Ranges from adulteration (lower impact) to danger of death Diversion of supplies Can distort markets by going to the highest bidder (esp. during crisis) Cargo theft Can result in dangerous short supplies (e.g., for hospitals) Security - 38

39 Our Topics Security of the electric grid Security of the water supply Security of the medicine supply Cybersecurity Smart Cities and security Security - 39

40 Cybersecurity NIST Tackles Cybersecurity in the Smart City: (National Institute for Standards and Technology). Cybersecurity issues: o Numerous points of attack o Exploitation of city data o Physical consequences o Data collection and transmission compromise Security - 40

41 Smart cities vulnerability Vulnerable energy system compromises fundamental operations Vulnerable IT system compromises o Mobility o Health o Infrastructure operations o Security (fire and police dispatch) Security - 41

42 Thanks for listening Security - 42