Microsoft Excel can be run on any computer which meets these requirements:

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1 Excel Tutorial Excel is a very helpful software that has changed the way that people record and organize data. Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Office Excel) is a spreadsheet application that was written and distributed by Microsoft for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X Utilizing this Program Microsoft Excel can be run on any computer which meets these requirements: Windows Computer: PC with at least a 450 MHz Pentium-class or equivalent processor Operating System: Microsoft Windows 2000 (SP3 or higher), Windows XP (SP1 or SP2), or Windows Vista (Business, Enterprise, and Ultimate editions) Memory: 256 MB RAM Available Hard Disk Space: 50 MB (not including pagefile memory); 90 MB for installation For the SciFinder Scholar Toolbar, an additional 25 MB is needed; 75 MB for installation. This assumes Microsoft.NET software is already installed. Connection: TCP/IP network-level connection to CAS via the Internet, Z39.50 application-level connection to CAS through port 210 Accessing full text via ChemPort and online Help files on the CAS server requires an HTTP application-level connection through port 80. Monitor: SVGA color monitor; 1024x768 screen resolution; 16 bit (64,000) colors Additional Software Web Browser: Microsoft Internet Explorer (MSIE), version 5 or higher or Mozilla Firefox TM, version 1.0 or higher A web browser is needed to access full text, online Help, and Internet resources within the Tools menu. o o o Plug-ins must be installed in the Firefox plug-ins and components folders for some features in ChemPort, e.g., Reference Linking. The plug-in files are installed automatically during SciFinder installation. Java TM and JavaScript TM must be enabled for online Help and some features in ChemPort. ActiveX must be enabled in MSIE for ChemPort Reference Linking.

2 o Cookies must be accepted for some features in ChemPort. Macintosh Computer: An Apple Macintosh with an Intel x86 or Power PC G4 or G5 processor Operating System: Mac OS X 10.3 or 10.4 Available Hard Disk Space: 65 MB Connection: TCP/IP connection to CAS via the Internet, Z39.50 applicationlevel connection to CAS through port 210 Accessing full text via ChemPort and online Help files on the CAS server requires an HTTP application-level connection via Port 80. Monitor: Color monitor capable of displaying 256 colors with 1024x768 screen resolution Additional Software Web Browser: Safari (OS X default) or a Mac OS X compatible version of Mozilla Firefox or Microsoft Internet Explorer (MSIE) A web browser is needed to access full text, online Help, and other Internet resources within the Tools menu. What is a Spreadsheet? Java and Javascript must be enabled. Cookies must be accepted for some features in ChemPort. A computer generated spreadsheet consists of a grid made from inputing data into columns and rows so that calculations and observations can occur. It is an environment that can make number manipulation much easier then those done with paper and pencil. Spreadsheets can be very useful for student interactive activities, interactive lectures, and instructor use for developing materials for class. Example aspects of spreadsheets that are relevant to science education are: Using Excel as a calculator to explore what mathematical equations can tell us about how the real world works for specific input conditions or for a range of possible values. Graphically displaying equations and real data. Obtaining numerical solutions to mathematically complex models. Graphically comparing results Statistical analysis including mean, standard deviation, error bars on graphs, linear and polynomial fits, multivariate analysis, etc.

3 Displaying histograms of students results or student response to exams or questions. Beyond a classroom level a spreadsheet can be used for similar purposes along with: Number crunching Listings of supplies-numbers- or individuals Accounting information Statistical evaluation Organization of scientific data Why use Microsoft Excel? Microsoft is one of many spreadsheet based programs but excel is up-to-date and easy to use. A computer science or accounting degree is not necessary to understand and utilize Excel. Excel was created in a basic format so that it could be utilized for a broad range of necessities. The major and most used component of excel is its spreadsheet capabilities, which we will highlight below for you The nice thing about using a computer and spreadsheet is that you can experiment with numbers without having to RE-DO all the calculations. Let s change the interest rate and then the number of months. Let Excel do the work! Once we have the formulas set up, we can change the variables that are called from the formula and watch the changes. Change the Interest Rate Change the Number of Months

4 Do that on paper and you better get your calculator back out and get an Eraser and hope you punched all the right keys and in the right order. Spreadsheets are instantly updated if without having to do anyway of that. It s so much easier! What s spreadsheet made up of? What makes up a spreadsheet? Spreadsheets are made up of columns rows and their intersections are called cells In each cell there may be the following types of data text (labels) number data (constants) formulas (mathematical equations that do all the work) In a spreadsheet the column is defined as the vertical space that is going up and down the window. Letters are used to designate each column s location. In the above diagram the column labeled C is highlighted. In a spreadsheet the row is defined as the horizontal space that is going across the window. Numbers are used to designate each row s location. In the above diagram the row labeled 4 is highlighted.

5 In a spreadsheet the cell is defined as the space where a specified row and column intersect. Each cell is assigned a name according to its column and row number. In the above diagram the cell labeled B6 is highlighted. When referencing a cell, you should put the column first and the row second. In a spreadsheet there are three basic types of data that can be entered. labels - (text with no numerical value) constants - (just a number -- constant value) formulas* - (a mathematical equation used to calculate) data types examples descriptions LABEL Name or Wage or Days anything that is just text CONSTANT 5 or 3.75 or -7.4 any number FORMULA =5+3 or = 8*5+3 math equation *ALL formulas MUST begin with an equal sign (=). Labels are text entries. They do not have a value associated with them. We typically use labels to identify what we are talking about. In our first example: the labels were computer ledger car loan

6 interest # of payments Monthly Pmt. Again, we use labels to help identify what we are talking about. The labels are NOT for the computer but rather for US so we can clarify what we are doing. Constants are entries that have a specific fixed value. If someone asks you how old you are, you would answer with a specific answer. Sure, other people will have different answers, but it is a fixed value for each person. In our first example: the constants were $12, % 60 As you can see from these examples there may be different types of numbers. Sometimes constants are referring to dollars, sometimes referring to percentages, and other times referring to a number of items (in this case 60 months).these are typed into the computer with just the numbers and are changed to display their type of number by formatting (we will talk about this later). Again, we use constants to enter FIXED number data. Formulas are entries that have an equation that calculates the value to display. We DO NOT type in the numbers we are looking for; we type in the equation. This equation will be updated upon the change or entry of any data that is referenced in the equation. In our first example, the solution was $ This was NOT typed into the keyboard. The formula that was typed into the spreadsheet was: =PMT(C4/12,C5,-C3) C4 (annual interest rate) was divided by 12 because there are 12 months in a year. Dividing by 12 will give us the interest rate for the payment period - in this case a payment period of one month. It is also important to type in the reference to the constants instead of the constants. Had I entered =PMT(.096/12,60,-12000) my formula would only work for that particular input of data. I could change the months above and the payment would not change. Remember to enter the name of the cell where the data is stored and NOT the data itself.

7 Formulas are mathematical equations. There is a list of the functions available within Excel under the menu INSERT down to Function. Formulas OR Functions MUST BEGIN with an equal sign (=). Again, we use formulas to CALCULATE a value to be displayed. When we are entering formulas into a spreadsheet we want to make as many references as possible to existing data. If we can reference that information we don't have to type it in again. AND more importantly if that OTHER information changes, we DO-NOT have to change the equations. If you work for 23 hours and make $5.36 an hour, how much do you make? We can set up this situation using three labels two constants one equation Let's look at this equation in B4: = 23 * 5.36 = B1 * B2 Both of these equations will produce the same answers, but one is much more useful than the other. DO YOU KNOW which is BEST and WHY? It is BEST if we can Reference as much data as possible as opposed to typing data into equations thus making B1* B2 the best equation because it can be adapted as necessary. Excel has the capabilities to calculate over 100 other equations. On the Microsoft webpage one can find a listing of all possible formulas along with an easy to follow tutorial. For example here is the tutorial on: Add all contiguous numbers in a row or column To do this task, use AutoSum. 1. Click a cell below the column of numbers or to the right of the row of numbers.

8 2. Click AutoSum on the Standard toolbar, and then press ENTER. For example: If we put the numbers 1-5 in the columns A1-A5 as shown Then by clicking on the cell below the last data entry like we have done in the picture we can utilize the summation key. Once the cell is recognized by the dark surrounding outline click on the summation key found in the upper toolbar then press enter. The value present in the column below the last data entry is the total. In this case it is cell A6.

9 As we all know = 15 just as Excel calculated it to be. This capability is very useful for keeping a running tally or for grading purposes. Creating Graphs from Data Creating a Bar Graph: 1.) Go to the tool bar and click New Workbook button. 2.) Go to File menu and select New

10 Step 2-Enter the data to be graphed. For this lesson you will do the lesson on Fruit. Enter in the data below. Step 3: Highlight data to be graphed. Please do not include the row with the headings, only the names of the fruits and numbers. If you have the same data listed in the picture above, you can put your cursor on A2, click and hold down mouse until you highlight to cell B7. It should like the picture below. Step 4: Select the Chart Wizard. You can go to the Insert menu and select Chart. Or you can click on the chart wizard button on the tool bar. Step 5- Once you are in the Chart Wizard, select the chart types. For this activity, select bar graph.

11 After you have selected the bar graph, click and hold your mouse pointer down on the Press and Hold button. You can preview what the bar graph will look like. 1.) Select next and let chart wizard show you a series of options to make changes to your chart. 2.) Select finish and chart wizard puts your complete chart on the spreadsheet. You can see the finished product below.

12 Next, you can label the axis for the bar graph. Next, you can move the final dialog box which allows you to see the chart as a new sheet or place it on one of the other sheets in your workbook.

13 If you let the chart wizard finish your chart after you have completed the four steps, your bar graph should look like the one below.