Putting It All Together: Your First WMI/ADSI Script

Transcription

1 jones.book Page 351 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM CHAPTER 20 Putting It All Together: Your First WMI/ADSI Script IN THIS CHAPTER It s time to leverage what you ve learned about ADSI and WMI scripting. In this chapter, I ll walk you through the entire design and creation process for a new script. In addition to demonstrating a useful new purpose for WMI and ADSI, this chapter will help strengthen your script design skills. By now, you should have a good idea of what WMI and ADSI can do for you. In this chapter, I ll walk you through the complete design process for an entirely new script. This time, I ll use both WMI and ADSI in the same script. The script s job will be to check in on every computer in an Active Directory or NT domain and query some information about its operating systems. I want the script to output this information to a text file on a file server. The information I want to collect includes operating system version, service pack level, number of processors in the machine, maximum physical memory in the machine, and so forth. This is a useful way to quickly inventory a network and see what machines might need to be upgraded before deploying a new application, or to see what machines don t have the latest service pack applied. Designing the Script My script is a reasonably complex undertaking, so it helps to break it down into manageable tasks. I need the script to do three things: 1. Query a list of computers from the domain. 2. Query information from each computer. 3. Write information out to a text file. 351

2 jones.book Page 352 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM 352 Chapter 20 Putting It All Together: Your First WMI/ADSI Script The last bit is probably the easiest. I can use the FileSystemObject to open a text file, write information to it, and then close the text file. Something like the following would work. Dim ofso, ofile Set ofso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") Set ofile = ofso.createtextfile("output.txt") ofile.write "Information" ofile.close For more information on using the FileSystemObject, refer to Chapter 12. Querying a list of computers from the domain shouldn t be too hard, either. If I want the script to work with both NT and Active Directory domains, I need to use the WinNT ADSI provider, because only that provider works with both domains. I can query all of the objects in the domain, and then use an If Then construct to work with only the computer objects. Code such as the following should do the trick. Dim odomain Set odomain = GetObject("WinNT://" & sdomain) Dim oobject, scomputername, sdetails For Each oobject In odomain 'is this object a computer? If oobject.class = "Computer" Then 'yes do something with it End If Next For more information on querying domains by using ADSI, see Chapter 14, and see Querying Domain Information in Chapter 15. Pulling the operating system (OS) information is tougher. WMI seems like the way to go, but WMI has about three gazillion classes. Which one do I need? Fortunately, I have a way to cheat. My primary script editor is Sapien Technology s PrimalScript 3.0, and it includes a WMI Script Wizard.

3 jones.book Page 353 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM Designing the Script 353 NOTE A trial version of PrimalScript 3.0 is included on the CD that accompanies this book. Running the wizard displays the dialog box shown in Figure The left side of the dialog box shows a list of every WMI class that my computer knows about. Scrolling through the list, I find that there s a class named Win32_OperatingSystem. That seems like a good place to start. Clicking the Win32_OperatingSystem class changes the dialog box to look like the one shown in Figure Here, the wizard has filled in a sample script capable of querying information from the selected class. I see things like service pack level and operating system version, so this is probably the class I want. The wizard offers an Insert button to immediately insert this code into my script, and a Copy button to copy the code to the clipboard. Listing 20.1 shows the complete wizard code. NOTE I ve added line breaks and line continuation characters (_) to Listing 20.1 so that it will fit in this book. Figure 20.1 The WMI Wizard starts with a list of all available WMI classes.

4 jones.book Page 354 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM 354 Chapter 20 Putting It All Together: Your First WMI/ADSI Script Figure 20.2 The wizard generates sample code to query the selected class. Listing 20.1 WizardCode.vbs. This code queries the Win32_OperatingSystem class and outputs all of the class attributes and their values. On Error Resume Next Dim strcomputer Dim objwmiservice Dim colitems strcomputer = "." Set objwmiservice = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & _ strcomputer & "\root\cimv2") Set colitems = objwmiservice.execquery( _ "Select * from Win32_OperatingSystem",,48) For Each objitem in colitems WScript.Echo "BootDevice: " & objitem.bootdevice WScript.Echo "BuildNumber: " & objitem.buildnumber WScript.Echo "BuildType: " & objitem.buildtype WScript.Echo "Caption: " & objitem.caption WScript.Echo "CodeSet: " & objitem.codeset WScript.Echo "CountryCode: " & objitem.countrycode WScript.Echo "CreationClassName: " & objitem.creationclassname WScript.Echo "CSCreationClassName: " & _ objitem.cscreationclassname WScript.Echo "CSDVersion: " & objitem.csdversion

5 jones.book Page 355 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM Designing the Script 355 WScript.Echo "CSName: " & objitem.csname WScript.Echo "CurrentTimeZone: " & objitem.currenttimezone WScript.Echo "Debug: " & objitem.debug WScript.Echo "Description: " & objitem.description WScript.Echo "Distributed: " & objitem.distributed WScript.Echo "EncryptionLevel: " & objitem.encryptionlevel WScript.Echo "ForegroundApplicationBoost: " & _ objitem.foregroundapplicationboost WScript.Echo "FreePhysicalMemory: " & _ objitem.freephysicalmemory WScript.Echo "FreeSpaceInPagingFiles: " & _ objitem.freespaceinpagingfiles WScript.Echo "FreeVirtualMemory: " & objitem.freevirtualmemory WScript.Echo "InstallDate: " & objitem.installdate WScript.Echo "LargeSystemCache: " & objitem.largesystemcache WScript.Echo "LastBootUpTime: " & objitem.lastbootuptime WScript.Echo "LocalDateTime: " & objitem.localdatetime WScript.Echo "Locale: " & objitem.locale WScript.Echo "Manufacturer: " & objitem.manufacturer WScript.Echo "MaxNumberOfProcesses: " & objitem.maxnumberofprocesses WScript.Echo "MaxProcessMemorySize: " & objitem.maxprocessmemorysize WScript.Echo "Name: " & objitem.name WScript.Echo "NumberOfLicensedUsers: " & objitem.numberoflicensedusers WScript.Echo "NumberOfProcesses: " & objitem.numberofprocesses WScript.Echo "NumberOfUsers: " & objitem.numberofusers WScript.Echo "Organization: " & objitem.organization WScript.Echo "OSLanguage: " & objitem.oslanguage WScript.Echo "OSProductSuite: " & objitem.osproductsuite WScript.Echo "OSType: " & objitem.ostype WScript.Echo "OtherTypeDescription: " & objitem.othertypedescription WScript.Echo "PlusProductID: " & objitem.plusproductid WScript.Echo "PlusVersionNumber: " & objitem.plusversionnumber WScript.Echo "Primary: " & objitem.primary WScript.Echo "ProductType: " & objitem.producttype WScript.Echo "QuantumLength: " & objitem.quantumlength WScript.Echo "QuantumType: " & objitem.quantumtype WScript.Echo "RegisteredUser: " & objitem.registereduser WScript.Echo "SerialNumber: " & objitem.serialnumber WScript.Echo "ServicePackMajorVersion: " & _ continues

6 jones.book Page 356 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM 356 Chapter 20 Putting It All Together: Your First WMI/ADSI Script objitem.servicepackmajorversion WScript.Echo "ServicePackMinorVersion: " & _ objitem.servicepackminorversion WScript.Echo "SizeStoredInPagingFiles: " & _ objitem.sizestoredinpagingfiles WScript.Echo "Status: " & objitem.status WScript.Echo "SuiteMask: " & objitem.suitemask WScript.Echo "SystemDevice: " & objitem.systemdevice WScript.Echo "SystemDirectory: " & objitem.systemdirectory WScript.Echo "SystemDrive: " & objitem.systemdrive WScript.Echo "TotalSwapSpaceSize: " & _ objitem.totalswapspacesize WScript.Echo "TotalVirtualMemorySize: " & _ objitem.totalvirtualmemorysize WScript.Echo "TotalVisibleMemorySize: " & _ objitem.totalvisiblememorysize WScript.Echo "Version: " & objitem.version WScript.Echo "WindowsDirectory: " & objitem.windowsdirectory Next The wizard s code pulls more information than I want, and it s displaying the information in message boxes, rather than writing them to a file, but the code makes a great place to start. I can easily modify it to meet my needs. The script is designed! I identified the three major tasks that the script needs to be able to complete, and I ve created some prototype code that can be adapted to the script s exact requirements. In short, I now know how to do everything I need; I just need to rearrange it and customize it. What, No Wizard? If you re not using PrimalScript, there are some other tools you can use to make WMI scripting easier. In Chapter 18, for example, I introduced Microsoft s Scriptomatic tool, which performs a similar function to the PrimalScript WMI Wizard. You can also dive into the WMI documentation in the MSDN Library ( library), which documents each WMI class and includes some scripting examples.

7 jones.book Page 357 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM Writing Functions and Subroutines 357 Writing Functions and Subroutines The one bit of functionality that seems to be standalone is the code generated by the wizard, which will do my WMI querying for me. I may need to use that code in another script someday, and I ll definitely be using it over and over in the script I m writing now, so it makes sense to write it as a function. I want the function to accept a computer name, query that computer for specific operating system information, and then compile all that information into a neatly formatted string. The function should return the string to the main script, which can then write it to a file or whatever. Adapting the wizard s code isn t too difficult. Listing 20.2 shows my new GetOSIno() function. Note that this isn t intended to be run as a standalone script; as a function, it must be called by another script, which must provide the name of the computer to connect to as the function s input parameter. Listing 20.2 GetOSInfo.vbs. This function queries a computer s operating system information and returns the results in a string. Function GetOSInfo(sComputer) 'declare variables Dim objwmiservice Dim colitems Dim stroutput 'get WMI service Set objwmiservice = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & _ strcomputer & "\root\cimv2") 'get item collection Set colitems = objwmiservice.execquery( _ "Select * from Win32_OperatingSystem",,48) 'init output string soutput = String(70,"-") soutput = soutput & scomputer 'append info to output string For Each objitem in colitems continues

8 jones.book Page 358 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM 358 Chapter 20 Putting It All Together: Your First WMI/ADSI Script stroutput = stroutput & "BuildNumber: " & _ objitem.buildnumber & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "BuildType: " & _ objitem.buildtype & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "Caption: " & _ objitem.caption & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "EncryptionLevel: " & _ objitem.encryptionlevel & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "InstallDate: " & _ objitem.installdate & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "Manufacturer: " & _ objitem.manufacturer & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "MaxNumberOfProcesses: " & _ objitem.maxnumberofprocesses & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "MaxProcessMemorySize: " & _ objitem.maxprocessmemorysize & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "Name: " & _ objitem.name & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & _ "NumberOfLicensedUsers: " & _ objitem.numberoflicensedusers & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "NumberOfProcesses: " & _ objitem.numberofprocesses & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "NumberOfUsers: " & _ objitem.numberofusers & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "OSProductSuite: " & _ objitem.osproductsuite & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "OSType: " & _ objitem.ostype & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "OtherTypeDescription: " & _ objitem.othertypedescription & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "Primary: " & _ objitem.primary & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "ProductType: " & _ objitem.producttype & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "RegisteredUser: " & _ objitem.registereduser & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "SerialNumber: " & _ objitem.serialnumber & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & _ "ServicePackMajorVersion: " & _ objitem.servicepackmajorversion & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & _ "ServicePackMinorVersion: " & _

9 jones.book Page 359 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM Writing Functions and Subroutines 359 Next objitem.servicepackminorversion & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "Version: " & _ objitem.version & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "WindowsDirectory: " & _ objitem.windowsdirectory & vbcrlf 'return results GetOSInfo = soutput End Function I didn t have to do much to adapt the script. First, I deleted all the lines that I didn t want in my script. I changed all the WScript.Echo commands to stroutput = stroutput &, which appends the information into a string rather than displays it in a message box. I also added & vbcrlf to the end of each line, which adds a carriage return and linefeed character. Those help keep the final output file looking nice. I also dressed up the code at the beginning of the function. 'declare variables Dim objwmiservice Dim colitems Dim stroutput 'get WMI service Set objwmiservice = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & _ strcomputer & "\root\cimv2") 'get item collection Set colitems = objwmiservice.execquery( _ "Select * from Win32_OperatingSystem",,48) 'init output string soutput = String(70,"-") soutput = soutput & scomputer I added some comments to document the code PrimalScript isn t so good about that and I initialized my soutput variable. I also started soutput off to contain a line of 70 hyphens, and the name of the computer I m

10 jones.book Page 360 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM 360 Chapter 20 Putting It All Together: Your First WMI/ADSI Script querying. These extra touches help make the final output file easier to read and more useful. Writing the Main Script The function was probably the toughest part to write; with that out of the way, I can adapt my prototype code to create the main script, shown in Listing Listing 20.3 MainScript.vbs. Queries the domain, creates the output file, and calls the custom function I already wrote. Dim sdomain sdomain = InputBox("Enter domain to inventory") 'connect to domain and retrieve 'a list of member objects Dim odomain Set odomain = GetObject("WinNT://" & sdomain) 'get the filesystemobject Dim ofso Set ofso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") 'open an output file Dim ooutput Set ooutput = ofso.createtextfile("\\server1\public\output.txt") 'run through the objects Dim oobject, scomputername, sdetails For Each oobject In odomain 'is this object a computer? If oobject.class = "Computer" Then 'yes - get computer name scomputername = oobject.name 'get OS info sdetails = GetOSInfo(sComputerName)

11 jones.book Page 361 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM Writing the Main Script 361 'write info to the file ooutput.write sdetails End If Next 'close the output file ooutput.close 'release objects Set ooutput = Nothing Set ofso = Nothing Set oobject = nothing Set odomain = Nothing 'display completion message WScript.Echo "Output saved to \\server1\public\output.txt" I ll provide my usual walk-through of this script in a bit; for now, try to pick out the adapted pieces of prototype code. Notice where I m querying the domain, opening and writing to the text file, closing the text file, and calling the GetOSInfo() function. Inventorying the Domain Listing 20.4 shows the complete, ready-to-run script. Get this ready to run, but don t execute it just yet. In the next section, I ll cover testing and troubleshooting this script. Listing 20.4 InventoryDomain.vbs. The complete domain inventory script. 'get domain name Dim sdomain sdomain = InputBox("Enter domain to inventory") 'connect to domain and retrieve 'a list of member objects Dim odomain Set odomain = GetObject("WinNT://" & sdomain 'get the filesystemobject continues

12 jones.book Page 362 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM 362 Chapter 20 Putting It All Together: Your First WMI/ADSI Script Dim ofso Set ofso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") 'open an output file Dim ooutput ooutput = ofso.createtextfile("\\server1\public\output.txt") 'run through the objects Dim oobject, scomputername, sdetails For Each oobject In odomain 'is this object a computer? If oobject.class = "Computer" Then 'yes - get computer name scomputername = oobject.name 'get OS info sdetails = GetOSInfo(sComputerName) 'write info to the file ooutput.write sdetails End If Next 'close the output file ooutput.close 'release objects Set ooutput = Nothing Set ofso = Nothing Set oobject = nothing Set odomain = Nothing 'display completion message WScript.Echo "Output saved to \\server1\public\output.txt" Function GetOSInfo(sComputer) 'declare variables Dim objwmiservice Dim colitems Dim stroutput

13 jones.book Page 363 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM Writing the Main Script 363 'get WMI service Set objwmiservice = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & _ strcomputer & "\root\cimv2") 'get item collection Set colitems = objwmiservice.execquery( _ "Select * from Win32_OperatingSystem",,48) 'init output string soutput = String(70,"-") soutput = soutput & scomputer 'append info to output string For Each objitem in colitems stroutput = stroutput & "BuildNumber: " & _ objitem.buildnumber & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "BuildType: " & _ objitem.buildtype & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "Caption: " & _ objitem.caption & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "EncryptionLevel: " & _ objitem.encryptionlevel & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "InstallDate: " & _ objitem.installdate & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "Manufacturer: " & _ objitem.manufacturer & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "MaxNumberOfProcesses: " & _ objitem.maxnumberofprocesses & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "MaxProcessMemorySize: " & _ objitem.maxprocessmemorysize & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "Name: " & _ objitem.name & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & _ "NumberOfLicensedUsers: " & _ objitem.numberoflicensedusers & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "NumberOfProcesses: " & _ objitem.numberofprocesses & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "NumberOfUsers: " & _ objitem.numberofusers & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "OSProductSuite: " & _ objitem.osproductsuite & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "OSType: " & _ objitem.ostype & vbcrlf continues

14 jones.book Page 364 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM 364 Chapter 20 Putting It All Together: Your First WMI/ADSI Script Next stroutput = stroutput & "OtherTypeDescription: " & _ objitem.othertypedescription & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "Primary: " & _ objitem.primary & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "ProductType: " & _ objitem.producttype & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "RegisteredUser: " & _ objitem.registereduser & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "SerialNumber: " & _ objitem.serialnumber & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & _ "ServicePackMajorVersion: " & _ objitem.servicepackmajorversion & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & _ "ServicePackMinorVersion: " & _ objitem.servicepackminorversion & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "Version: " & _ objitem.version & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "WindowsDirectory: " & _ objitem.windowsdirectory & vbcrlf 'return results GetOSInfo = soutput End Function You need to change where this script puts its output file before using it in your environment. The script prompts for the domain name, so you won t have to make any changes there. Inventorying the Domain Explained The script starts by prompting for the domain name. This allows the script to be used in a multidomain environment. The domain name is stored in a string variable. 'get domain name Dim sdomain sdomain = InputBox("Enter domain to inventory")

15 jones.book Page 365 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM Writing the Main Script 365 Next, the script uses ADSI to connect to the domain and retrieve a list of all domain objects. This may be a lengthy operation in a large domain, because computer, user, and all other objects are included in the results. 'connect to domain and retrieve 'a list of member objects Dim odomain Set odomain = GetObject("WinNT://" & sdomain The script creates a new FileSystemObject and assigns it to a variable. 'get the filesystemobject Dim ofso Set ofso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") The script now creates a new text file by using the FileSystemObject s CreateTextFile method. The method returns a TextStream object, which is assigned to the variable ooutput. 'open an output file Dim ooutput ooutput = ofso.createtextfile("\\server1\public\output.txt") odomain now represents all of the objects in the domain; I ll use a For Each Next loop to iterate through each object in turn. Within the loop, oobject will represent the current object. 'run through the objects Dim oobject, scomputername, sdetails For Each oobject In odomain Because odomain contains more than just computers, I need to check each object to see if its Class property equals Computer. That way, I can just work with the computer objects and skip the rest. 'is this object a computer? If oobject.class = "Computer" Then For objects that are a computer, I pull the computer name into a variable. Then, I assign the results of GetOSInfo() to variable sdetails. Finally, I write sdetails to the output text file using the TextStream object s Write

16 jones.book Page 366 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM 366 Chapter 20 Putting It All Together: Your First WMI/ADSI Script method. Closing up the loop with Next moves on to the next object in the domain. 'yes - get computer name scomputername = oobject.name 'get OS info sdetails = GetOSInfo(sComputerName) 'write info to the file ooutput.write sdetails End If Next When I m done with all the objects, I close the output file, release all the objects I created by setting them equal to Nothing, and then display a simple completion message. 'close the output file ooutput.close 'release objects Set ooutput = Nothing Set ofso = Nothing Set oobject = nothing Set odomain = Nothing 'display completion message WScript.Echo "Output saved to \\server1\public\output.txt" Here s that function I wrote earlier. It starts with basic variable declaration. Function GetOSInfo(sComputer) 'declare variables Dim objwmiservice Dim colitems Dim stroutput

17 jones.book Page 367 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM Writing the Main Script 367 Next is pure wizard code, which uses GetObject to connect to the specified computer s WMI service. 'get WMI service Set objwmiservice = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & _ strcomputer & "\root\cimv2") After I am connected, I execute a query to retrieve the Win32_OperatingSystem class. 'get item collection Set colitems = objwmiservice.execquery( _ "Select * from Win32_OperatingSystem",,48) I set up my output string to include a line of hyphens and the current computer name. 'init output string soutput = String(70,"-") soutput = soutput & scomputer Finally, I append the WMI information to the output string. 'append info to output string For Each objitem in colitems stroutput = stroutput & "BuildNumber: " & _ objitem.buildnumber & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "BuildType: " & _ objitem.buildtype & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "Caption: " & _ objitem.caption & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "EncryptionLevel: " & _ objitem.encryptionlevel & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "InstallDate: " & _ objitem.installdate & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "Manufacturer: " & _ objitem.manufacturer & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "MaxNumberOfProcesses: " & _ objitem.maxnumberofprocesses & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "MaxProcessMemorySize: " & _ objitem.maxprocessmemorysize & vbcrlf continues

18 jones.book Page 368 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM 368 Chapter 20 Putting It All Together: Your First WMI/ADSI Script stroutput = stroutput & "Name: " & _ objitem.name & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & _ "NumberOfLicensedUsers: " & _ objitem.numberoflicensedusers & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "NumberOfProcesses: " & _ objitem.numberofprocesses & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "NumberOfUsers: " & _ objitem.numberofusers & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "OSProductSuite: " & _ objitem.osproductsuite & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "OSType: " & _ objitem.ostype & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "OtherTypeDescription: " & _ objitem.othertypedescription & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "Primary: " & _ objitem.primary & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "ProductType: " & _ objitem.producttype & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "RegisteredUser: " & _ objitem.registereduser & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "SerialNumber: " & _ objitem.serialnumber & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & _ "ServicePackMajorVersion: " & _ objitem.servicepackmajorversion & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & _ "ServicePackMinorVersion: " & _ objitem.servicepackminorversion & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "Version: " & _ objitem.version & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "WindowsDirectory: " & _ objitem.windowsdirectory & vbcrlf Next With the main script finished, I return the output string as the function s result. 'return results GetOSInfo = soutput End Function

19 jones.book Page 369 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM Testing the Script 369 There you have it a nice, easy-to-use administrative script that uses both WMI and ADSI to accomplish a useful task. Testing the Script If you jumped ahead and already tried to execute the final script, you realize that it s flawed. If you haven t, go ahead and give it a whirl now. Take a few minutes to see if you can track down the problem. There are actually three errors, and here are some hints. One is a simple typo. One is a sort of logic error, where something isn t being used properly for the situation. The last one is a typo, and could have been avoided if I had followed my own advice from earlier in the book. Can you find them all? The first one is an easy mistake: I simply forgot a closing parentheses. 'connect to domain and retrieve 'a list of member objects Dim odomain Set odomain = GetObject("WinNT://" & sdomain The correct code should be Set odomain = GetObject("WinNT://" & sdomain). The next one s a bit trickier. 'open an output file Dim ooutput ooutput = ofso.createtextfile("\\server1\public\output.txt") Can you see it? I m using ooutput to represent an object, but I forgot to use the Set keyword when making the assignment. VBScript requires Set whenever you re assigning an object to a variable. The corrected code looks like this. 'open an output file Dim ooutput Set ooutput = ofso.createtextfile("\\server1\public\ output.txt")

20 jones.book Page 370 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM 370 Chapter 20 Putting It All Together: Your First WMI/ADSI Script The last error is tricky, too. It s in the GetOSInfo() function. Function GetOSInfo(sComputer) 'declare variables Dim objwmiservice Dim colitems Dim stroutput 'get WMI service Set objwmiservice = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & _ strcomputer & "\root\cimv2") Did you find it? The problem is that I used the wizard-generated code, which uses str as a prefix for string variables. I m in the habit of using the shorter prefix s for string variables, and that s where my problem lies. In the function definition, I declared scomputer, but in the line of code that connects to the WMI service, I used strcomputer. I continued using scomputer elsewhere, so strcomputer is wrong. Here s the corrected code snippet. Function GetOSInfo(sComputer) 'declare variables Dim objwmiservice Dim colitems Dim stroutput 'get WMI service Set objwmiservice = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & _ scomputer & "\root\cimv2") The problem with this error is that it doesn t cause a problem for the script; the script will execute just fine. You just won t get any results, because the script would try to connect to a computer named. I mentioned that I could have avoided this problem by following my own advice. Had I included Option Explicit, VBScript would have produced an error on the offending line of code, because strcomputer wasn t declared. scomputer, on the other hand, is implicitly declared because it s part of a function declaration. You ll notice that I did the same thing with stroutput and soutput, meaning they ll have to be corrected, too.

21 jones.book Page 371 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM Testing the Script 371 Just to make sure you ve got it all, Listing 20.5 includes the complete, corrected script. Remember that this script is also available on the CD that accompanies this book. Listing 20.5 InventoryDomain2.vbs. This corrected script produces the expected results. 'get domain name Dim sdomain sdomain = InputBox("Enter domain to inventory") 'connect to domain and retrieve 'a list of member objects Dim odomain Set odomain = GetObject("WinNT://" & sdomain) 'get the filesystemobject Dim ofso Set ofso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") 'open an output file Dim ooutput Set ooutput = ofso.createtextfile("\\server1\public\output.txt") 'run through the objects Dim oobject, scomputername, sdetails For Each oobject In odomain 'is this object a computer? If oobject.class = "Computer" Then 'yes - get computer name scomputername = oobject.name 'get OS info sdetails = GetOSInfo(sComputerName) 'write info to the file ooutput.write sdetails End If Next continues

22 jones.book Page 372 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM 372 Chapter 20 Putting It All Together: Your First WMI/ADSI Script 'close the output file ooutput.close 'release objects Set ooutput = Nothing Set ofso = Nothing Set oobject = nothing Set odomain = Nothing 'display completion message WScript.Echo "Output saved to \\server1\public\output.txt" Function GetOSInfo(sComputer) 'declare variables Dim objwmiservice Dim colitems Dim stroutput 'get WMI service Set objwmiservice = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & _ scomputer & "\root\cimv2") 'get item collection Set colitems = objwmiservice.execquery( _ "Select * from Win32_OperatingSystem",,48) 'init output string stroutput = String(70,"-") stroutput = stroutput & scomputer 'append info to output string For Each objitem in colitems stroutput = stroutput & "BuildNumber: " & _ objitem.buildnumber & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "BuildType: " & _ objitem.buildtype & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "Caption: " & _ objitem.caption & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "EncryptionLevel: " & _ objitem.encryptionlevel & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "InstallDate: " & _ objitem.installdate & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "Manufacturer: " & _

23 jones.book Page 373 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM Testing the Script 373 objitem.manufacturer & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "MaxNumberOfProcesses: " & _ objitem.maxnumberofprocesses & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "MaxProcessMemorySize: " & _ objitem.maxprocessmemorysize & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "Name: " & _ objitem.name & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & _ "NumberOfLicensedUsers: " & _ objitem.numberoflicensedusers & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "NumberOfProcesses: " & _ objitem.numberofprocesses & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "NumberOfUsers: " & _ objitem.numberofusers & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "OSProductSuite: " & _ objitem.osproductsuite & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "OSType: " & _ objitem.ostype & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "OtherTypeDescription: " & _ objitem.othertypedescription & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "Primary: " & _ objitem.primary & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "ProductType: " & _ objitem.producttype & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "RegisteredUser: " & _ objitem.registereduser & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "SerialNumber: " & _ objitem.serialnumber & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & _ "ServicePackMajorVersion: " & _ objitem.servicepackmajorversion & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & _ "ServicePackMinorVersion: " & _ objitem.servicepackminorversion & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "Version: " & _ objitem.version & vbcrlf stroutput = stroutput & "WindowsDirectory: " & _ objitem.windowsdirectory & vbcrlf Next 'return results GetOSInfo = soutput End Function

24 jones.book Page 374 Wednesday, February 25, :11 PM 374 Chapter 20 Putting It All Together: Your First WMI/ADSI Script Testing a large script like this is much easier with the Script Debugger. You can spot lines that are causing trouble just by following the execution path. For more information on the Script Debugger, see Testing the Script in Chapter 13. You can also read up on the Script Debugger in the VBScript documentation at Review Pulling together ADSI and WMI into a single script offers some powerful functionality. More importantly, though, the example in this chapter should make you feel more comfortable with the sometimes-daunting task of creating a script from scratch. Just break down the tasks that need to be completed, and then develop some prototype code for each task. Use wizards, examples from the Web, or samples from this book to help create prototype code. After all, there s no sense reinventing the wheel when there s a large library of samples on the Web and in this book to work with! With your task list and prototype out of the way, you can start assembling the script. Write functions and subs to perform repetitive tasks, or tasks that you may want to reuse in future scripts. Write the main script, and then start testing. With this methodology in mind, most scripts can be whipped together quickly! COMING UP Web pages offer an exciting way to create your own centrally located, easily accessible administrative tools. In the next chapter, I ll introduce you to Active Server Pages, and in the following chapters, I ll show you how to easily and quickly apply your scripting skills to create great administrative Web pages.