DCS/100: Procedural Programming
|
|
- Lucy Marshall
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 DCS/100: wk 5 p.1/33 DCS/100: Procedural Programming Week 5: While Loops Queen Mary, University of London
2 DCS/100: wk 5 p.2/33 Last week You should now be able to: write programs that follow instructions a known number of times explain what is meant by a for loop trace the execution of programs containing for loops
3 DCS/100: wk 5 p.3/33 A program from last week int sum = 0; for (int i=1; i<=5; i++) { sum = sum + i; } out.writeln("total is "+ sum);
4 DCS/100: wk 5 p.4/33 This week At the end of this week you will be able to: write programs that follow instructions repeatedly where the number of times is not known at the outset explain what is meant by for loops and while loops, their similarities and differences trace the execution of programs containing loops
5 DCS/100: wk 5 p.5/33 While loops Loops generally have two parts: a test to tell you whether to do it again a thing to be done repeatedly There is also always something that is changed by the action of the loop. When writing loops always work out these parts first.
6 DCS/100: wk 5 p.6/33 While loops You do not always know how many times to repeat... A pure for loop is then little help. Let us invent a new loop construct... We need to tell the computer what is to be repeated, do we stop yet? while (<a test about continuing is true>) { <do these instructions over and over> }
7 DCS/100: wk 5 p.7/33 While Loops char ans= y ; while (ans== y ) { out.writeln("i did it!"); out.write("shall I go on? (y/n) "); ans = in.read(); in.readln(); }
8 DCS/100: wk 5 p.8/33 While loops Format: while (<condition>) <body> Check <condition>; if true do <body>, go back, check <condition>; if true do <body>, go back, check <condition>; if true do <body>,... until <condition> is false If <condition> is false initially, <body> is never executed.
9 DCS/100: wk 5 p.9/33 While loops Can go on for ever: while (true){} Stop by typing Ctrl-C (Control-C).
10 DCS/100: wk 5 p.10/33 While loops and accumulators Often use accumulator variables with while loops too: int count=0; char ans = y ; while (ans== y ) { count = count+1; out.write("shall I go on? (y/n) "); ans = in.read(); in.readln(); } out.writeln("that was "+count+" times");
11 DCS/100: wk 5 p.11/33 Another Accumulator int ans=0; int count=0,sum=0; out.write("enter a number (eof to terminate): "); while (in.digit()) { ans = in.readint(); count = count+1; sum = sum+ans; out.write("enter a number (eof to terminate): "); in.readblanks(); } out.writeln("that was "+count+" numbers"); out.writeln("with a sum of "+sum); out.writeln("and an average of "+((double) sum/ (double) count));
12 DCS/100: wk 5 p.12/33 While loops Of course you can wrap a while loop round lots of the previous exercises, so that you can do something a number of times: char ans= y ; while (ans== y ) { <program goes here> } out.write("another? (y/n) "); ans = in.read(); in.readln();
13 DCS/100: wk 5 p.13/33 Beware You have to make sure that the program you drop in reads all of any input it calls for, including any newlines! This is typical in Computer Science: some operation only works if the thing you apply it to is well-behaved in some way: it obeys some protocol.
14 DCS/100: wk 5 p.14/33 hile loops and structured programming This illustrates the structured approach. Be clear about what the body of a loop is supposed to do. Develop it as an entity in its own right. Brinch Hansen s approach: Program is a sequence of (named) subtasks. Develop the subtasks be refining them towards code. As you do this put in if statements and loops. Branches of if s and bodies of loops are subtasks.
15 DCS/100: wk 5 p.15/33 While loops and for loops Any standard for loop can be programmed up using a while loop: for (int i=<start>; i <= <finish>; i++) { <body> } is the same as {int i=<start>; while (i <= <finish>) { <body> i++; } }
16 DCS/100: wk 5 p.16/33 While loops and for loops The reverse is not true. While loops cannot be programmed up as standard for loops. Evidence: It s easy to write non-terminating programs using while loops. You can t do this if you only use standard for loops.
17 While loops and for loops The C/Java for loop is more general. It is equivalent to while loops. A general Java for loop: for (<init>;<test>;<reinit>) <body> means: first do <init>, then if <test> is true do <body> then do <reinit> and return to the start of the loop if <test> is true do <body> then do <reinit> and return to the start of the loop... until test is false. DCS/100: wk 5 p.17/33
18 DCS/100: wk 5 p.18/33 While loops and for loops for (<init>;<test>;<reinit>) <body> means: 1. do <init>, 2. evaluate <test> 3. if <test> is true (a) do <body> (b) do <reinit> (c) return to stage 2 otherwise end the loop and carry on with the rest of the program.
19 DCS/100: wk 5 p.19/33 While loops and for loops So for (<init>;<test>;<reinit>) <body> is equivalent to { <init>; while (<test>) { <body> <reinit> } }
20 DCS/100: wk 5 p.20/33 While loops and for loops But a general while loop: while (<test>) <body> is equivalent to for ( ; <test>; ) <body> So in Java (and C/C++) anything you can write with while you can write with for and vice versa.
21 DCS/100: wk 5 p.21/33 The basic control constructs Sequence: do this, then do that. In Java this is done just by writing one command after another. Branching: choose between different things. In Java this is if (<test>) <case> else <case> (and the switch construct).
22 DCS/100: wk 5 p.22/33 The basic control constructs Looping: keep repeating something until some exit condition is met. There s a difference between for loops (do something a fixed number of times) and while loops In Java: for (int i=<start>; i<=<finish>; i++) <body> while (<test>) <body> for (<init>;<test>;<reinit>) <body>
23 DCS/100: wk 5 p.23/33 Basic Control Constructs THAT S IT. THERE ARE NO MORE BASIC CONTROL CONSTRUCTS!!!! A language that has these control constructs is Turing complete. You can write any computable operation in it.
24 DCS/100: wk 5 p.24/33 Basic Control Constructs Everything else is there for other reasons to make the language clearer to allow you to break up code better to make code easier to reuse to make programs easier to develop to make programs more secure in their running...
25 DCS/100: wk 5 p.25/33 Debugging Most of you are getting code that compiles. But what do you do when it doesn t work?
26 DCS/100: wk 5 p.26/33 Debugging First Step INDENT YOUR CODE PROPERLY Execution follows the grammatical structure of code. Indentation makes that structure visible. It lets you see where choice points are. It lets you break the program up into phases. It lets you see what bits you can comment out. It often makes it obvious if you ve put something simple (a read(), a writeln()) in the wrong place (inside or outside a loop).
27 DCS/100: wk 5 p.27/33 Debugging First Step INDENT YOUR CODE PROPERLY You should indent your code properly as you write it. This stops some of the mistakes ever happening.
28 DCS/100: wk 5 p.28/33 Proper indentation See Brinch Hansen See Jon Rowson s layout notes The two crucial points: indent blocks a fixed amount make ends line up with beginnings
29 DCS/100: wk 5 p.29/33 Proper indentation The two crucial points: indent blocks a fixed amount make ends line up with beginnings Brinch Hansen: end bracket of block lines up with beginning bracket. Rowson: end bracket of block lines up with enlosing if, while, for, switch.
30 DCS/100: wk 5 p.30/33 Proper indentation Advanced editors (eg emacs) give machine support for indentation.
31 DCS/100: wk 5 p.31/33 Debugging Second step LOCALISE THE PROBLEM Put in print statements to tell you how you are going through the code. out.writeln("we got to here"); Print out values of variables, so that you can compare them with what you expect. Use these to find out where in the program the problem is.
32 DCS/100: wk 5 p.32/33 Debugging Third step FIX THE PROBLEM Once you have the problem localised, put in more print statements systematically so that you can trace the code. Use your knowledge of what the program is actually doing versus what it should be doing to fix it.
33 This Week By the end of the week you should be able to: write programs that follow instructions repeatedly where the number of times is not known at the outset explain what is meant by for loops and while loops, their similarities and differences trace the execution of programs containing loops Reading Brinch Hansen chapters 4 and 5. Computing Without Computers chapter 6 (ignoring sections on recursion for now) DCS/100: wk 5 p.33/33
DCS/100: Procedural Programming
DCS/100: wk 3 p.1/50 DCS/100: Procedural Programming Week 3: Making Decisions Queen Mary, University of London DCS/100: wk 3 p.2/50 Last Week From last week you should be able to explain and write programs
More informationDCS/100: Procedural Programming
DCS/100: wk 12 p.1/23 DCS/100: Procedural Programming Week 12: Classes Queen Mary, University of London DCS/100: wk 12 p.2/23 Last Week: Learning Outcomes From last week you should be able to: explain
More informationFlow Control: Branches and loops
Flow Control: Branches and loops In this context flow control refers to controlling the flow of the execution of your program that is, which instructions will get carried out and in what order. In the
More informationQUEEN MARY, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
QUEEN MARY, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON BSC IN THE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES Examination No.: UserId. MODULE: DCS100: PROCEDURAL PROGRAMMING 2004 MOCK TEST 2 Time allowed: 2 hours (120
More informationUnit 7. 'while' Loops
1 Unit 7 'while' Loops 2 Control Structures We need ways of making decisions in our program To repeat code until we want it to stop To only execute certain code if a condition is true To execute one segment
More informationText Input and Conditionals
Text Input and Conditionals Text Input Many programs allow the user to enter information, like a username and password. Python makes taking input from the user seamless with a single line of code: input()
More informationChapter 4 Introduction to Control Statements
Introduction to Control Statements Fundamentals of Java: AP Computer Science Essentials, 4th Edition 1 Objectives 2 How do you use the increment and decrement operators? What are the standard math methods?
More information1 Unit 8 'for' Loops
1 Unit 8 'for' Loops 2 Control Structures We need ways of making decisions in our program To repeat code until we want it to stop To only execute certain code if a condition is true To execute one segment
More informationDCS/100 Procedural Programming
DCS/100 Procedural Programming Week 9: References, the Heap and the Stack Last Week: Learning Outcomes From last week you should be able to: write programs that are split into methods write programs that
More informationint n = 10; int sum = 10; while (n > 1) { sum = sum + n; n--; } cout << "The sum of the integers 1 to 10 is " << sum << endl;
Debugging Some have said that any monkey can write a program the hard part is debugging it. While this is somewhat oversimplifying the difficult process of writing a program, it is sometimes more time
More informationDiscussion 1H Notes (Week 3, April 14) TA: Brian Choi Section Webpage:
Discussion 1H Notes (Week 3, April 14) TA: Brian Choi (schoi@cs.ucla.edu) Section Webpage: http://www.cs.ucla.edu/~schoi/cs31 More on Arithmetic Expressions The following two are equivalent:! x = x + 5;
More informationCMSC 201 Fall 2016 Lab 09 Advanced Debugging
CMSC 201 Fall 2016 Lab 09 Advanced Debugging Assignment: Lab 09 Advanced Debugging Due Date: During discussion Value: 10 points Part 1: Introduction to Errors Throughout this semester, we have been working
More informationChapter 3. More Flow of Control. Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Chapter 3 More Flow of Control Overview 3.1 Using Boolean Expressions 3.2 Multiway Branches 3.3 More about C++ Loop Statements 3.4 Designing Loops Slide 3-3 Flow Of Control Flow of control refers to the
More informationThe first program: Little Crab
Chapter 2 The first program: Little Crab topics: concepts: writing code: movement, turning, reacting to the screen edges source code, method call, parameter, sequence, if-statement In the previous chapter,
More informationThe for Loop. Lesson 11
The for Loop Lesson 11 Have you ever played Tetris? You know that the game never truly ends. Blocks continue to fall one at a time, increasing in speed as you go up in levels, until the game breaks from
More informationDecisions, Decisions. Testing, testing C H A P T E R 7
C H A P T E R 7 In the first few chapters, we saw some of the basic building blocks of a program. We can now make a program with input, processing, and output. We can even make our input and output a little
More information1007 Imperative Programming Part II
Agenda 1007 Imperative Programming Part II We ve seen the basic ideas of sequence, iteration and selection. Now let s look at what else we need to start writing useful programs. Details now start to be
More informationComputational Physics - Fortran February 1997
Fortran 90 Decision Structures IF commands 3 main possibilities IF (logical expression) IF (logical expression) THEN IF (logical expression) THEN IF (logical expression) THEN expression TRUE expression
More informationChapter 4 Loops. Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eighth Edition, (c) 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 4 Loops 1 Motivations Suppose that you need to print a string (e.g., "Welcome to Java!") a hundred times. It would be tedious to have to write the following statement a hundred times: So, how do
More informationWhat is Iteration? CMPT-101. Recursion. Understanding Recursion. The Function Header and Documentation. Recursively Adding Numbers
What is Iteration? CMPT-101 Week 6 Iteration, Iteration, Iteration, Iteration, Iteration, Iteration,... To iterate means to do the same thing again and again and again and again... There are two primary
More informationThe name of our class will be Yo. Type that in where it says Class Name. Don t hit the OK button yet.
Mr G s Java Jive #2: Yo! Our First Program With this handout you ll write your first program, which we ll call Yo. Programs, Classes, and Objects, Oh My! People regularly refer to Java as a language that
More informationIntroduction to Programming in C Department of Computer Science and Engineering. Lecture No. #29 Arrays in C
Introduction to Programming in C Department of Computer Science and Engineering Lecture No. #29 Arrays in C (Refer Slide Time: 00:08) This session will learn about arrays in C. Now, what is the word array
More informationDefinite Loops. Computer Science S-111 Harvard University David G. Sullivan, Ph.D. Using a Variable for Counting
Unit 2, Part 2 Definite Loops Computer Science S-111 Harvard University David G. Sullivan, Ph.D. Using a Variable for Counting Let's say that we're using a variable i to count the number of times that
More informationInitial Coding Guidelines
Initial Coding Guidelines ITK 168 (Lim) This handout specifies coding guidelines for programs in ITK 168. You are expected to follow these guidelines precisely for all lecture programs, and for lab programs.
More informationDesigning Loops and General Debug Pre-Defined Functions in C++ CS 16: Solving Problems with Computers I Lecture #6
Designing Loops and General Debug Pre-Defined Functions in C++ CS 16: Solving Problems with Computers I Lecture #6 Ziad Matni Dept. of Computer Science, UCSB Announcements Homework #5 due today Lab #3
More informationStatistics Case Study 2000 M. J. Clancy and M. C. Linn
Statistics Case Study 2000 M. J. Clancy and M. C. Linn Problem Write and test functions to compute the following statistics for a nonempty list of numeric values: The mean, or average value, is computed
More informationLoop structures and booleans
Loop structures and booleans Michael Mandel Lecture 7 Methods in Computational Linguistics I The City University of New York, Graduate Center https://github.com/ling78100/lectureexamples/blob/master/lecture07final.ipynb
More informationControls Structure for Repetition
Controls Structure for Repetition So far we have looked at the if statement, a control structure that allows us to execute different pieces of code based on certain conditions. However, the true power
More information5. Control Statements
5. Control Statements This section of the course will introduce you to the major control statements in C++. These control statements are used to specify the branching in an algorithm/recipe. Control statements
More informationFunctional Programming in Haskell for A level teachers
Functional Programming in Haskell for A level teachers About this document Functional Programming is now part of the A level curriculum. This document is intended to get those who already have some programming
More informationReliable programming
Reliable programming How to write programs that work Think about reliability during design and implementation Test systematically When things break, fix them correctly Make sure everything stays fixed
More informationLecture 03 Bits, Bytes and Data Types
Lecture 03 Bits, Bytes and Data Types Computer Languages A computer language is a language that is used to communicate with a machine. Like all languages, computer languages have syntax (form) and semantics
More informationSolving Problems Flow Control in C++ CS 16: Solving Problems with Computers I Lecture #3
Solving Problems Flow Control in C++ CS 16: Solving Problems with Computers I Lecture #3 Ziad Matni Dept. of Computer Science, UCSB A Word About Registration for CS16 FOR THOSE OF YOU NOT YET REGISTERED:
More informationX Language Definition
X Language Definition David May: November 1, 2016 The X Language X is a simple sequential programming language. It is easy to compile and an X compiler written in X is available to simplify porting between
More informationLecture Programming in C++ PART 1. By Assistant Professor Dr. Ali Kattan
Lecture 08-1 Programming in C++ PART 1 By Assistant Professor Dr. Ali Kattan 1 The Conditional Operator The conditional operator is similar to the if..else statement but has a shorter format. This is useful
More informationThere are algorithms, however, that need to execute statements in some other kind of ordering depending on certain conditions.
Introduction In the programs that we have dealt with so far, all statements inside the main function were executed in sequence as they appeared, one after the other. This type of sequencing is adequate
More informationRACKET BASICS, ORDER OF EVALUATION, RECURSION 1
RACKET BASICS, ORDER OF EVALUATION, RECURSION 1 COMPUTER SCIENCE 61AS 1. What is functional programming? Give an example of a function below: Functional Programming In functional programming, you do not
More informationCompilation and Execution Simplifying Fractions. Loops If Statements. Variables Operations Using Functions Errors
First Program Compilation and Execution Simplifying Fractions Loops If Statements Variables Operations Using Functions Errors C++ programs consist of a series of instructions written in using the C++ syntax
More informationIntroduction to Computers and C++ Programming p. 1 Computer Systems p. 2 Hardware p. 2 Software p. 7 High-Level Languages p. 8 Compilers p.
Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming p. 1 Computer Systems p. 2 Hardware p. 2 Software p. 7 High-Level Languages p. 8 Compilers p. 9 Self-Test Exercises p. 11 History Note p. 12 Programming and
More informationCSCI0330 Intro Computer Systems Doeppner. Lab 02 - Tools Lab. Due: Sunday, September 23, 2018 at 6:00 PM. 1 Introduction 0.
CSCI0330 Intro Computer Systems Doeppner Lab 02 - Tools Lab Due: Sunday, September 23, 2018 at 6:00 PM 1 Introduction 0 2 Assignment 0 3 gdb 1 3.1 Setting a Breakpoint 2 3.2 Setting a Watchpoint on Local
More informationProblem Solving through Programming In C Prof. Anupam Basu Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Problem Solving through Programming In C Prof. Anupam Basu Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture 18 Switch Statement (Contd.) And Introduction to
More informationOutline. Computer programming. Debugging. What is it. Debugging. Hints. Debugging
Outline Computer programming Debugging Hints Gathering evidence Common C errors "Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance." Will Durant T.U. Cluj-Napoca - Computer Programming - lecture
More informationWorking with recursion. From definition to template. Readings: HtDP, sections 11, 12, 13 (Intermezzo 2).
Working with recursion Readings: HtDP, sections 11, 12, 13 (Intermezzo 2). We can extend the idea of a self-referential definition to defining the natural numbers, which leads to the use of recursion in
More informationUser-defined Functions Case study
User-defined Functions Case study A function to return the average of readings on an analog input channel ME 121: Portland State University Scenario is reading a nominally steady signal that has some noise.
More informationWorking with recursion
Working with recursion Readings: HtDP, sections 11, 12, 13 (Intermezzo 2). We can extend the idea of a self-referential definition to defining the natural numbers, which leads to the use of recursion in
More informationAccelerating Information Technology Innovation
Accelerating Information Technology Innovation http://aiti.mit.edu Cali, Colombia Summer 2012 Lección 03 Control Structures Agenda 1. Block Statements 2. Decision Statements 3. Loops 2 What are Control
More informationLab # 2. For today s lab:
1 ITI 1120 Lab # 2 Contributors: G. Arbez, M. Eid, D. Inkpen, A. Williams, D. Amyot 1 For today s lab: Go the course webpage Follow the links to the lab notes for Lab 2. Save all the java programs you
More information(Refer Slide Time: 1:27)
Data Structures and Algorithms Dr. Naveen Garg Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Lecture 1 Introduction to Data Structures and Algorithms Welcome to data
More informationLecture. Loops && Booleans. Richard E Sarkis CSC 161: The Art of Programming
Lecture Loops && Booleans Richard E Sarkis CSC 161: The Art of Programming Class Administrivia Agenda (In-)definite loops (for/while) Patterns: interactive loop and sentinel loop Solve problems using (possibly
More informationControl Structures: The IF statement!
Control Structures: The IF statement! 1E3! Topic 5! 5 IF 1 Objectives! n To learn when and how to use an IF statement.! n To be able to form Boolean (logical) expressions using relational operators! n
More informationCSCE 145 Exam 1 Review. This exam totals to 100 points. Follow the instructions. Good luck!
CSCE 145 Exam 1 Review This exam totals to 100 points. Follow the instructions. Good luck! Chapter 1 This chapter was mostly terms so expect a fill in the blank style questions on definition. Remember
More informationChapter 2 Programming in Python
Chapter 2 Programming in Python Depending on your previous programming background, we recommend different paths through the available readings: If you have never programmed before: you should start with
More informationbool bool - either true or false
Strings & Branching bool bool - either true or false You have the common math comparisons: > (greater than), e.g. 7 > 2.5 is true == (equals), e.g. 5 == 4 is false
More informationThis chapter is intended to take you through the basic steps of using the Visual Basic
CHAPTER 1 The Basics This chapter is intended to take you through the basic steps of using the Visual Basic Editor window and writing a simple piece of VBA code. It will show you how to use the Visual
More informationCONTENTS: What Is Programming? How a Computer Works Programming Languages Java Basics. COMP-202 Unit 1: Introduction
CONTENTS: What Is Programming? How a Computer Works Programming Languages Java Basics COMP-202 Unit 1: Introduction Announcements Did you miss the first lecture? Come talk to me after class. If you want
More informationAll about flow control
All about flow control Prof. Zhang March 11, 2014 1 Read Coding Style Guideline Please go to the class website, find the resource part, click on the how labs are graded? link. Read the guideline, and then
More informationChapter 17. Iteration The while Statement
203 Chapter 17 Iteration Iteration repeats the execution of a sequence of code. Iteration is useful for solving many programming problems. Interation and conditional execution form the basis for algorithm
More informationAN INTRODUCTION PROGRAMMING. Simon Long
AN INTRODUCTION & GUI TO PROGRAMMING Simon Long 2 3 First published in 2019 by Raspberry Pi Trading Ltd, Maurice Wilkes Building, St. John's Innovation Park, Cowley Road, Cambridge, CB4 0DS Publishing
More informationPart II Composition of Functions
Part II Composition of Functions The big idea in this part of the book is deceptively simple. It s that we can take the value returned by one function and use it as an argument to another function. By
More informationThe compiler is spewing error messages.
Appendix B Debugging There are a few different kinds of errors that can occur in a program, and it is useful to distinguish between them in order to track them down more quickly. Compile-time errors are
More informationProject 1 Balanced binary
CMSC262 DS/Alg Applied Blaheta Project 1 Balanced binary Due: 7 September 2017 You saw basic binary search trees in 162, and may remember that their weakness is that in the worst case they behave like
More informationCS125 : Introduction to Computer Science. Lecture Notes #4 Type Checking, Input/Output, and Programming Style
CS125 : Introduction to Computer Science Lecture Notes #4 Type Checking, Input/Output, and Programming Style c 2005, 2004, 2002, 2001, 2000 Jason Zych 1 Lecture 4 : Type Checking, Input/Output, and Programming
More informationage = 23 age = age + 1 data types Integers Floating-point numbers Strings Booleans loosely typed age = In my 20s
Intro to Python Python Getting increasingly more common Designed to have intuitive and lightweight syntax In this class, we will be using Python 3.x Python 2.x is still very popular, and the differences
More informationJava Basics. Object Orientated Programming in Java. Benjamin Kenwright
Java Basics Object Orientated Programming in Java Benjamin Kenwright Outline Essential Java Concepts Syntax, Grammar, Formatting, Introduce Object-Orientated Concepts Encapsulation, Abstract Data, OO Languages,
More informationNumerical Computing in C and C++ Jamie Griffin. Semester A 2017 Lecture 2
Numerical Computing in C and C++ Jamie Griffin Semester A 2017 Lecture 2 Visual Studio in QM PC rooms Microsoft Visual Studio Community 2015. Bancroft Building 1.15a; Queen s W207, EB7; Engineering W128.D.
More informationAnnouncements. HW0 is posted on schedule, due next Friday at 9pm (pretty easy)
Branching Announcements HW0 is posted on schedule, due next Friday at 9pm (pretty easy) Office hours (attempt problems before going): - HW only or Lab only (check calendar) - Write name on whiteboard if
More informationLearning to Program with Haiku
Learning to Program with Haiku Lesson 4 Written by DarkWyrm All material 2010 DarkWyrm It would be incredibly hard to write anything useful if there weren't ways for our programs to make decisions or to
More informationLoops. CSE 114, Computer Science 1 Stony Brook University
Loops CSE 114, Computer Science 1 Stony Brook University http://www.cs.stonybrook.edu/~cse114 1 Motivation Suppose that you need to print a string (e.g., "Welcome to Java!") a user-defined times N: N?
More informationCompiling C++ Programs Flow Control in C++ CS 16: Solving Problems with Computers I Lecture #3
Compiling C++ Programs Flow Control in C++ CS 16: Solving Problems with Computers I Lecture #3 Ziad Matni Dept. of Computer Science, UCSB Compiling Programs in C++ Input and Output Streams Simple Flow
More informationObject-oriented programming. and data-structures CS/ENGRD 2110 SUMMER 2018
Object-oriented programming 1 and data-structures CS/ENGRD 2110 SUMMER 2018 Lecture 1: Types and Control Flow http://courses.cs.cornell.edu/cs2110/2018su Lecture 1 Outline 2 Languages Overview Imperative
More informationChapter Overview. More Flow of Control. Flow Of Control. Using Boolean Expressions. Using Boolean Expressions. Evaluating Boolean Expressions
Chapter 3 More Flow of Control Overview 3.1 Using Boolean Expressions 3.2 Multiway Branches 3.3 More about C++ Loop Statements 3.4 Designing Loops Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
More informationTHE JAVA FOR STATEMENT
THE JAVA FOR STATEMENT The for statement behaves as a while statement. Its syntax visually emphasizes the code that initializes and updates the loop variables. for ( init; truth value; update ) statement
More informationControl Flow. COMS W1007 Introduction to Computer Science. Christopher Conway 3 June 2003
Control Flow COMS W1007 Introduction to Computer Science Christopher Conway 3 June 2003 Overflow from Last Time: Why Types? Assembly code is typeless. You can take any 32 bits in memory, say this is an
More informationCOMP 202 Recursion. CONTENTS: Recursion. COMP Recursion 1
COMP 202 Recursion CONTENTS: Recursion COMP 202 - Recursion 1 Recursive Thinking A recursive definition is one which uses the word or concept being defined in the definition itself COMP 202 - Recursion
More informationIteration. # a and b are now equal # a and b are no longer equal Multiple assignment
Iteration 6.1. Multiple assignment As you may have discovered, it is legal to make more than one assignment to the same variable. A new assignment makes an existing variable refer to a new value (and stop
More informationLists, loops and decisions
Caltech/LEAD Summer 2012 Computer Science Lecture 4: July 11, 2012 Lists, loops and decisions Lists Today Looping with the for statement Making decisions with the if statement Lists A list is a sequence
More informationStacks and queues (chapters 6.6, 15.1, 15.5)
Stacks and queues (chapters 6.6, 15.1, 15.5) So far... Complexity analysis For recursive and iterative programs Sorting algorithms Insertion, selection, quick, merge, (intro, dual-pivot quick, natural
More informationMaximum Contiguous Subsequence Sum. Check out from SVN: MCSSRaces
Q0 Maximum Contiguous Subsequence Sum Check out from SVN: MCSSRaces Good comments: Javadoc comments for public fields and methods. Explanations of anything else that is not obvious. Good variable and method
More informationCS 177 Recitation. Week 1 Intro to Java
CS 177 Recitation Week 1 Intro to Java Questions? Computers Computers can do really complex stuff. How? By manipulating data according to lists of instructions. Fundamentally, this is all that a computer
More informationControl Structures. Code can be purely arithmetic assignments. At some point we will need some kind of control or decision making process to occur
Control Structures Code can be purely arithmetic assignments At some point we will need some kind of control or decision making process to occur C uses the if keyword as part of it s control structure
More informationProgram development plan
Appendix A Program development plan If you are spending a lot of time debugging, it is probably because you do not have an effective program development plan. A typical, bad program development plan goes
More informationCS211 Computers and Programming Matthew Harris and Alexa Sharp July 9, Boggle
Boggle If you are not familiar with the game Boggle, the game is played with 16 dice that have letters on all faces. The dice are randomly deposited into a four-by-four grid so that the players see the
More informationOverview. - General Data Types - Categories of Words. - Define Before Use. - The Three S s. - End of Statement - My First Program
Overview - General Data Types - Categories of Words - The Three S s - Define Before Use - End of Statement - My First Program a description of data, defining a set of valid values and operations List of
More informationC++ for Java Programmers
Basics all Finished! Everything we have covered so far: Lecture 5 Operators Variables Arrays Null Terminated Strings Structs Functions 1 2 45 mins of pure fun Introduction Today: Pointers Pointers Even
More informationLecture 01 & 02 Computer Programming
Lecture 01 & 02 Computer Programming 15 Computer Systems Engineering Second Semester By: Mr. Ali Asghar Manjotho, Lecturer, CSE-MUET Contents Computer programming (LL 02) Why programming? (LL 02) Instructions
More information1 Getting used to Python
1 Getting used to Python We assume you know how to program in some language, but are new to Python. We'll use Java as an informal running comparative example. Here are what we think are the most important
More informationAlgorithmic Thinking and Structured Programming (in Greenfoot) Teachers: Renske Smetsers-Weeda Sjaak Smetsers Ana Tanase
Algorithmic Thinking and Structured Programming (in Greenfoot) Teachers: Renske Smetsers-Weeda Sjaak Smetsers Ana Tanase Today s Lesson plan (4) 20 min Quiz 10 min Looking back What did we learn last week?
More information(Refer Slide Time 01:41 min)
Programming and Data Structure Dr. P.P.Chakraborty Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture # 03 C Programming - II We shall continue our study of
More informationInspiring Creative Fun Ysbrydoledig Creadigol Hwyl. App Inventor Workbook
Inspiring Creative Fun Ysbrydoledig Creadigol Hwyl App Inventor Workbook App Inventor is a cloud-based application development tool, enabling users to develop Android applications for free! App Inventor
More informationCS 161 Computer Security
Wagner Spring 2014 CS 161 Computer Security 1/27 Reasoning About Code Often functions make certain assumptions about their arguments, and it is the caller s responsibility to make sure those assumptions
More informationChapter 5: Control Structures
Chapter 5: Control Structures In this chapter you will learn about: Sequential structure Selection structure if if else switch Repetition Structure while do while for Continue and break statements S1 2017/18
More informationCSCI 1100L: Topics in Computing Lab Lab 11: Programming with Scratch
CSCI 1100L: Topics in Computing Lab Lab 11: Programming with Scratch Purpose: We will take a look at programming this week using a language called Scratch. Scratch is a programming language that was developed
More informationC++ Programming Lecture 1 Software Engineering Group
C++ Programming Lecture 1 Software Engineering Group Philipp D. Schubert Contents 1. More on data types 2. Expressions 3. Const & Constexpr 4. Statements 5. Control flow 6. Recap More on datatypes: build-in
More informationFlow of Control. 2.1 The if Statement
Flow of Control 2 In almost any computer program written for a scientific computing application, we need to allow the computer to execute a collection of statements if and only if some criterion is met.
More informationCompiler Construction D7011E
Compiler Construction D7011E Lecture 2: Lexical analysis Viktor Leijon Slides largely by Johan Nordlander with material generously provided by Mark P. Jones. 1 Basics of Lexical Analysis: 2 Some definitions:
More informationAn Introduction to Python (TEJ3M & TEJ4M)
An Introduction to Python (TEJ3M & TEJ4M) What is a Programming Language? A high-level language is a programming language that enables a programmer to write programs that are more or less independent of
More informationChapter 3. More Flow of Control
Chapter 3 More Flow of Control Overview 3.1 Using Boolean Expressions 3.2 Multiway Branches 3.3 More about C++ Loop Statements 3.4 Designing Loops Slide 3-2 Flow Of Control Flow of control refers to the
More informationPython Programming: An Introduction To Computer Science
Python Programming: An Introduction To Computer Science Chapter 8 Loop Structures and Booleans Python Programming, 3/e 1 Objectives To understand the concepts of definite and indefinite loops as they are
More informationSoftware Testing Prof. Meenakshi D Souza Department of Computer Science and Engineering International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore
Software Testing Prof. Meenakshi D Souza Department of Computer Science and Engineering International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore Lecture 04 Software Test Automation: JUnit as an example
More informationMobile App:IT. Methods & Classes
Mobile App:IT Methods & Classes WHAT IS A METHOD? - A method is a set of code which is referred to by name and can be called (invoked) at any point in a program simply by utilizing the method's name. -
More information