Engineering Computing M1H Together Towards A Green Environment

Transcription

1 Engineering Computing M1H321538

2 Module Induction Course Resources Lecture/Tutorial hours Course Syllabus Assessment Procedure Expectation from the Students General Terms and Conditions

3 Course Resources Module team: Module Leader: Dr. Geetha Achuthan Office: Room # R205(Renaissance Block) Module Tutors: Dr. Vijayalakshmi Office: Room # R205(Renaissance Block) Ms. Amal Juma Al-balushi Office: Room # R203(Renaissance Block) Ms. Roshima Biju Office: Room # M105(Main Building) Text Book: Balaguruswamy (2010), Programming in C, 5th Edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill.

4 Course Syllabus Program Planning Concepts: algorithm; different ways of representing algorithms- pseudo code, flow charts, structured charts, programming preliminaries. Introduction to C language: Data types; Character set; constants and variables; operators; use of control statements if, for, while, do-while, switch, jump use of built in l/o functions writing small programs. Arrays and Strings: Introduction; one, two and multidimensional arrays; array of strings, string handling functions; array initialization, variably-length arrays. 4

5 Course Syllabus (cont..) Functions: declaration; need for user defined functions; scope of function; passing parameters by value and by reference; writing algebraic and string handling functions; recursion ; functions with arrays. Introduction to Matlab: Introduction to command window, workspace and editor in Matlab - Simple arithmetic operations Plotting in Matlab Basic Mathematical functions. 5

6 Assessment Procedure Exams (50%) Mid-term exam(25%) is scheduled during 7 th week of the semester. End-term exam (25%) is scheduled during 15 th week of the semester. Coursework(50%) An assignment. 6

7 Assessment Strategy Sl.No. Description Mode Marks Weightage 1 Mid-Term Test Unseen Written test (Duration:90 Minutes) 50 25% 2 Coursework Assignment 50 50% 3 End-Term Test Lab test (Duration: 90 minutes) 50 25% Total % Pass requirement - Overall 50%

8 Expectation from the Student 1. Attend all classes regularly and study from text books. Read the Module handbook carefully. 2. Students should participate actively in the classes by interacting with the teacher to enhance their learning and understanding of the subject clearly. 3. Any difficulty in understanding the module, module delivery methods and finding relevant information from the prescribed sources should be discussed with the module tutor. 4. Complete and submit the course works as per the schedule. In case of extraordinary circumstances, student should inform their tutor in advance. 5. Do the home works regularly. 6. Read from various sources like Text Books, Journals, Ebrary and reliable websites. 7. Avoid Plagiarism and give proper references in the report.

9 Expectation from the Staff Deliver the module through various teaching methodologies like power points, videos etc. Provide general induction of the module, GA mapping Provide HSE induction Cover the syllabus as per the module handbook Ensure the understanding of the students and give feedbacks on time Clarifying the doubts of the students

10 General Terms and Conditions ZERO TOLERANCE TO PLAGIARISM results in failure and warrants disciplinary action. LATE ARRIVAL to classes is not allowed. Be ON TIME and never come late. You will not be allowed entry to the class and also marked absent. Mobile phones must be switched off during the lecture. Violations will warrant disciplinary action. Minimum attendance requirement to be eligible to take End-term examination is 75%. Students having less than 75% will not be eligible to submit their coursework.

11 Graduate Attributes Mapping

12 Graduate Attributes Mapping

13 Why to learn C language?

14 CHAPTER 1 PROBLEM PLANNING CONCEPTS

15 Aim Aim of this chapter is to provide the complete information about algorithms, flowcharts and the C program preliminaries. Objectives To identify the advantages and different ways of representing the algorithm. To identify how to write the pseudo code. To understand the usage of flowcharts and also the structured charts. To learn and understand the programming preliminaries.

16 FACTs Why to study about computer? Why to know about algorithm? Why to learn about programming? Flowchart. Pseudo code. Structure chart compiler?

17 Processes are programmed!!

18 Computer Computer is a fast electronic device that performs a specific task according to the given set of instructions using input information, and produces the desired result. Importance Of Computers Computers play an important part in everybody s life. It is used to assist us in business organizations, in research and in, many other walks of life.

19 Advantages of Computers Large volume of tasks can be carried out using computers. Computers are less error prone than humans. Quality of output is better. Computers are more reliable and allows better planning and control of output. Computers can work for all the 24 hours without rest.

20 Source:

21 Computer System - Functional Units Basic Functional Units of a Computer System are: Input Unit Output Unit Central Processing Unit (CPU) Memory (Storage) Unit

22 Input Unit: Input unit is used by the computer to receive information from the outside world. Generally, it can handle several external devices called peripherals. Example : keyboard, mouse. Output Unit: Output unit is used by the Computer to send information to the outside world Generally it handles several peripherals Example: monitor, printer. Some peripheral functions as both input and output devices Example: external disk drives, monitors.

23 Central Processing Unit (CPU) Processes the data according to the instructions stored in the memory (the program) It is known as the brain of the computer.

24 Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Most computer operations are executed in the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) of the processor The ALU is a digital circuit, which can perform, arithmetic functions, logic functions

25 Register Unit Registers are electronic circuits used for storing bits of data temporarily during the execution of instructions. Ex: Program counter, Accumulator, etc. Processors normally contain a number of high-speed storage elements called Registers.

26 Control Unit (CU) The memory unit, ALU, and input and output(io) units store and process information and perform input or output operations The task of the control unit is to coordinate the operation of all the functional units of computer

27 Memory unit The function of the memory unit is to store programs and data. Two classes - Primary Memory and Secondary Memory Primary Memory or Main Memory Programs are stored in the main memory while they are being executed. Examples: Random Access Memory (RAM), Read only Memory (ROM) (CPU accesses both RAM &ROM) Secondary Memory Stores large amounts of data, instructions, and information permanently than main memory. Examples: Hard disk, CD, Flash memory

28 Types of Main Memory Main Memory Types Volatile Non-volatile RAM ROM

29 Types of Main Memory Volatile Volatile memory retains the information as long as power supply is on, but when power supply is off or interrupted the stored memory is lost; Example: Random Access Memory (RAM) Non volatile Memory that can retain the stored information even when not powered. Examples: Read only Memory(ROM), Flash Memory

30 Algorithm Sequence of instructions to be carried out in order to solve a given problem. Each instruction tells what task is to be performed. Flowchart Flowchart is a pictorial representation of an algorithm A flowchart depicts pictorially the sequence in which instructions are carried out in an algorithm. It is most helpful in planning, designing and structuring a program. Flowchart and Algorithm are the fundamentals of Programming

31 Various symbols used in flowchart

32 Various symbols used in flowchart 1) Start/Stop The terminal symbol indicates the beginning (start), end (stop) 2) Input/Output The input/output symbol denotes any function of an input/output nature in a program. 3) Processing A processing symbol represents arithmetic and data movement instructions.

33 4) Decision The decision symbol indicates a decision point, that is, a point at which a point of two or more alternative points is possible. 5) Flow lines Flow lines with arrowheads indicate the flow of operation, that is, the exact sequence in which the instruction is executed. 6) Connectors Whenever a flowchart becomes so complex that the number and direction of flow lines are confusing or it spreads over more than one page, it is useful to utilize connector symbols as a substitute for flow lines.

34 Flowchart and algorithm Write down the steps required to prepare cup of tea. Identify the input, output, processes involved in preparation of tea.

35

36

37

38 Building a program 1) Developing the algorithm (analyse / develop) 2) Writing the program (design program / pseudocode) 3) Compile and build the program(types OF LANG) 4)Testing and debugging the program. 5)Documenting the program.

39 Computer programming Computer programming or coding is the process of writing, testing, debugging/ troubleshooting, and maintaining the source code of computer programs. Shortly, Programming is planning how to solve a problem. The source code is written in a programming language Program A program is a sequence of well-defined instructions to be carried out by computer hardware.

40 Set of soft wares to convert HLL to machine coded instructions are: Compiler, Interpreter The major difference between a Compiler and an Interpreter is : Compiler compiles the user s program into machine coded by reading the whole program at a stretch. Interpreter translates the program by reading it line by line. Assembler converts assembly language into machine oriented language.

41 Pseudo code Pseudo code is an informal way of programming description that does not require any strict programming language syntax or underlying technology considerations. It is used for creating an outline of a program. It summarizes a program s flow, but excludes underlying details. It is easier for people to understand than conventional programming language code. No standard for pseudo code syntax exists

42 Pseudo code Example 1: Write a pseudo code to determine a student s final grade in Engineering Computing(EC) module and print the result as pass or fail. Pseudo code Input EC mark if mark is below 50 Print FAIL else Print PASS

43 Algorithm Example 1: Write a algorithm to determine a student s final grade and print the result as pass or fail. The final grade is calculated based on the weightage as 25%, 50%, and 35% of Mark 1, Mark 2 and Mark 3 respectively. Detailed Algorithm Step 1:Start Step 2: Enter the inputs M1,M2,M3 Step 3: Calculate GRADE =(M1*0.25+M2*0.5+M3*0.35) Step 4: Check if (GRADE < 50),if true go to step 5.Otherwise go to step 6. Step 5: Display FAIL Step 6: Display PASS Step 8: Stop

44 Structure charts A structure chart is a chart which shows the breakdown of a system to its lowest manageable levels. It is used in structured programming to arrange program modules into a tree. Each module is represented by a box, which contains a module s name. The tree structure visualizes the relationship between modules. It is particularly helpful on large /complex projects.

45 Symbols in Structured charts

46 Example for Structured chart

47 Program preliminaries C program is viewed as a group of building blocks called functions. Function is a subroutine that may include one or more statements designed to perform a specific task. Every C Program must start with one main() function section. main() is where the program begins its execution. This section contains declaration part and executable part. The declaration part contains all the variables used in the executable part and there should be at least one statement in the executable part. All the statements should end with a semicolon. Curl braces group statements together and mark the beginning and the end of functions. A proper indentation of braces and statements would make the program easier to read and debug. Comments can be given using //. These comments increase the readability and help to understand the program logic.

48 LAB 1 Introduction to C Basic structure of C program Two programs using Output statements 1. Welcome to CCE 2. Multiple line print statement-student details program

49 Lab 2

50 Lab 2 1. Write the algorithm,draw flowchart, and write a program to find the sum, average of three numbers. 2. Write the algorithm,draw flowchart, and write a program to convert US dollar($) to Omani Riyal.

51 References & E-Brary R1. Balaguruswamy (2012), Programming in C, 6 th Edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill. R2. Mark, A, David, C (1999), Engineering Programming C, Matlab and Java, 1 st Edition E1. Vine, Michael, A., C Programming for the Absolute Beginner : Course Technology [Online] Available from : com/lib /Caledonian/reader.action?docID= &ppg=1 [Accessed: 1st February 2018] E2. Vine, Michael, A., 2007, C Programming for the Absolute Beginner: Course Technology / Cengage Learning [Online] Available from: site.ebrary.com/lib/caledonian/reader.action?docid= &ppg=126 [Accessed: 1st February 2018] E3. Burstein, Leonid. 2013, Primary MATLAB for Life Sciences: A Guide for Beginners: Bentham Science Publishers [Online] Available from: reader.action? docid= [Accessed: 1st February 2018]