Objective-C: An Introduction (pt 1) Tennessee Valley Apple Developers Saturday CodeJam July 24, 2010 August 7, 2010

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1 Objective-C: An Introduction (pt 1) Tennessee Valley Apple Developers Saturday CodeJam July 24, 2010 August 7, 2010

2 What is Objective-C? Objective-C is an object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language. Objective-C is the primary language used by Apple s Cocoa and Cocoa Touch APIs

3 What is Objective-C? Objective-C is a superset of ANSI C Objective-C syntax is a superset of GNU C/C++, and the Objective-C compiler will compile C, C++ and Objective-C source code

4 What is object-oriented programming? Object-oriented programming is a programming style that uses objects -- data structures consisting of data fields and methods and their interactions -- to design computer applications

5 Why use object-oriented programming (OOP)? Emphasis is on data rather than procedures Complex programs can be broken down into smaller, less complex components that are easier to manage and maintain It improves application consistency and (potentially) eliminates redundant code It promotes code reusability

6 Concepts of OOP Objects Classes Inheritance Abstraction Encapsulation Polymorphism

7 What is an object? An object is a bundled set of attributes (data fields), data, and behaviors (functions and procedures, or methods), often related conceptually to something real-world In object-oriented programming, a bundled set of objects that interact with each other make up a computer application or program

8 What is an object? In OOP, Objects are created from structural definitions called classes. The process of creating a new object is called instantiating the class. The procedures that can use or affect the object s data are called methods. The object s data are called its instance variables

9 What is a class? A Class is a prototype definition for a particular kind of object; it s the blueprint you use when you instantiate an object The class defines the instance variables that become part of every member of the class (its objects), and the methods that all objects in that class can use

10 What is a class? Every class defined in an object-oriented program is either a base class (what Objective-C calls a super class or a root class ), or a subclass (or derived class) of an existing class In Objective-C, the base class of (almost)all other Objective-C classes is NSObject; with a few exceptions, all other Objective-C classes ultimately inherit from NSObject

11 What is inheritance? Inheritance is the process by which a newly defined class takes on the behaviors (instance variables and methods) of another class In Objective-C, (almost) all classes have common behaviors originating with NSObject

12 What is abstraction? In general, abstraction is the process of taking away or removing characteristics from something to reduce it to a set of essential characteristics In OOP, Abstraction is the process of picking out common features of objects and procedures

13 What is encapsulation? In general, encapsulation is the inclusion of one thing within another so that the included thing is not readily apparent In OOP, encapsulation is the inclusion within an object all of the resources needed by that object to function (data and methods)

14 What is polymorphism? Generally, polymorphism is the ability to appear in many forms In OOP, Polymorphism is the ability to process objects differently depending on their data type or class, using a common interface

15 One more Objective-C thing: Protocols Objective-C uses a singular inheritance process, meaning that a subclass can only have one parent class. The mechanism that Objective-C introduces that allows for a type of multiple inheritance is through the use of Protocols

16 What is a protocol? In Objective-C, a protocol is a list of methods that can be implemented by any Objective-C class Protocols usually consist of one or more required method declarations, and may have additional method declarations that are designated as optional

17 What is a protocol? If a class implements a particular protocol, that class must implement all the required methods listed within the protocol; the mechanics of the methods may differ from class to class, but the required methods must exist in all classes implementing that protocol The use of protocols is not required by an Objective- C class; however protocols are used to provide consistency and conformity among Objective-C classes

18 Objective-C Program Components Objective-C source code utilizes two main types of files: Interface files and implementation files. Interface files are also referred to as header files, and have an.h extension Implementation files contain the actual source code, and have either an.m or.mm extension

19 What are header files? Header files contain the class, type, function, and constant declarations for your source code Header files are the public portion of a component s code that can be seen by other program components

20 Anatomy of an Objective-C interface (header) file # precompiler nameofclass : nameofparentclass { attribute information... } list of messages class will respond

21 What are implementation files? Implementation files contain the actual code instructions (the source code ) of a program component -- the nuts and bolts of the code Implementation files are the private portion of a component s code

22 Anatomy of an Objective-C implementation file #interface file nameofclass method / message definition {...

Object oriented programming Concepts

Object oriented programming Concepts Naresh Proddaturi 09/10/2012 Naresh Proddaturi 1 Problems with Procedural language Data is accessible to all functions It views a program as a series of steps to be