// CSE/CE/IT 124 JULY 2015, 2.a. algorithm to inverse the digits of a given integer. Step 1: Start Step 2: Read: NUMBER Step 3: r=0,rev=0

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1 // CSE/CE/IT 124 JULY 2015, 2a algorithm to inverse the digits of a given integer Step 1: Start Step 2: Read: NUMBER Step 3: r=0,rev=0 Step 4: repeat until NUMBER > 0 r=number%10; rev=rev*10+r; NUMBER=NUMBER/10; Step 5: Write rev Step 6: Exit 3b List and explain the functionality of various Conversion characters (specifiers) for data input in C-language %d int %c char %s character array Explain with example program 4a Given three points (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) Write a program to find whether they are collinear #include <stdioh> int x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,slope1,slope2,slope3; printf("\n Enter 1st co-ordinate (x1,y1)"); scanf("%d%d",&x1,&y1); printf("\n Enter 2nd co-ordinate (x2,y2)"); scanf("%d%d",&x2,&y2); printf("\n Enter 3rd co-ordinate (x3,y3)"); scanf("%d%d",&x3,&y3); slope1=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1); slope2=(y3-y2)/(x3-x2); slope3=(y3-y1)/(x3-x1); printf("slope1=%d\nslope2=%d\nslope3=%d\n",slope1,slope2,slope3);

2 if(slope1==slope2 slope2==slope3 slope1==slope3) printf("\n Collinear points"); else printf("\n not Collinear points"); Output: Enter 1st co-ordinate (x1,y1)2 4 Enter 2nd co-ordinate (x2,y2)4 6 Enter 3rd co-ordinate (x3,y3)6 8 slope1=1 slope2=1 slope3=1 Collinear points // CSE/CE/IT 124 JULY 2015, 4b- factorial of a given number int n,i,f=1; printf("enter n\n"); scanf("%d",&n); for(i=1;i<=n;i++) f=f*i;

3 printf("factorial=%d\n",f); Explain in your own words // CSE/CE/IT 124 JULY 2015, 5a to grade the results of a class of 100 students int n,i,g; float a[100]; // for 100 students //printf("enter n\n"); //scanf("%d",&n); printf("enter percentage of students\n"); for(i=0;i<100;i++) scanf("%f",&a[i]); for(i=0;i<100;i++) printf("\n%d student grade ",i+1); if(a[i]>=70) printf("distinction\n"); else if(a[i]>=60 && a[i]<70) printf("first class\n"); else if(a[i]>=50 && a[i]<60) printf("second class\n"); else printf("fail\n"); // CSE/CE/IT 124 JULY 2015, 5b arrange the elements in descending order of their magnitude

4 int a[100],n,i,j,t; printf("enter n value\n"); scanf("%d",&n); printf("\nenter array elements\n"); scanf("%d",&a[i]); printf("\nelements before sorting\n"); printf("%d\t",a[i]); for(i=0;i<n-1;i++) for(j=0;j<n-i-1;j++) if(a[j]<a[j+1]) t=a[j]; a[j]=a[j+1]; a[j+1]=t; printf("\nelements after sorting\n"); printf("%d\t",a[i]); // CSE/CE/IT 124 JULY 2015, 6a function that seek a character string passed as argument and converts all lower case characters into their upper case characters for(i=0;str[i]!='\0';i++) if(str[i]!=' ')

5 str[i]=str[i]-32; printf("string upper=%s\n",str); // CSE/CE/IT 124 JULY 2015, 6b using pointers to read an array of integers and print its elements in reverse order int n,i,*p,j,t; printf("enter no of elements\n"); scanf("%d",&n); p=(int*)malloc(n*sizeof(int)); printf("enter array elements\n"); scanf("%d",p+i); printf("elements are\n"); printf("%d\t",*(p+i)); //question print the array elements in revesre order printf("\n Elements in reverse order\n"); for(i=n-1;i>=0;i--) printf("%d\t",*(p+i)); printf("\n"); /* if question is revesre the array elements for(i=0,j=n-1;i<j;i++,j--) t=*(p+i); *(p+i)=*(p+j); *(p+j)=t; printf("%d\t",*(p+i));*/ // CSE/CE/IT 124 JULY 2015, 7a- function exchange to interchange the values of x & y

6 int x,y; void exchange(int*,int*); printf("enter two values\n"); scanf("%d%d",&x,&y); printf("\nbefore swapping %d\t%d\n",x,y); //call by reference exchange(&x,&y); printf("\nafter swapping %d\t%d\n",x,y); void exchange(int *a,int *b) int t; t=*a; *a=*b; *b=t; // CSE/CE/IT 124 JULY 2015, 7b- how can pass pointers to functions Write theory And example program Eg: #include<malloch> int *a,n,i; void read(int *,int); void display(int *,int); printf("enter n value\n"); scanf("%d",&n);

7 a=(int *)malloc(n*sizeof(int)); read(a,n); display(a,n); void read(int *x,int n) int i; printf("\nenter array elements\n"); scanf("%d",x+i); void display(int *x,int n) int i; printf("array elenents\n"); printf("%d\t",*(x+i)); // CSE/CE/IT 124 JULY 2015, 8a Distinguish structure and union 1 2 Structure Structure is a derived data type and Hetrogeneous Structure has members with different data types Syntax: structure <tagname> datatype1 member1; datatype2 member2; datatypen membern; ; Structure members are accessed through structure variable and dot operator In structure each member has separate space in memory Take below example struct student Union Union is a derived data type and Hetrogeneous Union has members with different data types Syntax: union <tagname> datatype1 member1; datatype2 member2; datatypen membern; ; Union members are accessed through Union variable and dot operator In union, all members share the same memory space This is the biggest difference between structure and union

8 int rollno; char gender; float marks; s1; The total memory required to store a structure variable is equal to the sum of size of all the members In above case 7 bytes (2+1+4) will be required to store structure variable s1 union student int rollno; char gender; float marks; s1; In above example variable marks is of float type and have largest size (4 bytes) So the total memory required to store union variable s1 is 4 bytes 3 We can access any member in any sequence s1rollno = 20; s1marks = 900; printf( %d,s1rollno); The above code will work fine but will show erroneous output in the case of union We can access only that variable whose value is recently stored s1rollno = 20; s1marks = 900; printf( %d,s1rollno); The above code will show erroneous output The value of rollno is lost as most recently we have stored value in marks This is because all the members share same memory space 4 All the members can be initialized while declaring the variable of structure Only first member can be initialized while declaring the variable of union In above example we can initialize only variable rollno at the time of declaration of variable // CSE/CE/IT 124 JULY 2015, 8b - Find the occurrences of given character in a file

9 FILE *fp; char ch,c; int cnt=0; fp=fopen("saitxt","r"); if(fp==null) printf("unable to open\n"); exit(0); printf("enter any character\n"); scanf(" %c",&ch); while((c=fgetc(fp))!=eof) if(ch==c) cnt++; printf("occurrences of \'%c\' character in a file=%d\n",ch,cnt); 9a nested structure with example in class notes 9bclass notes

int Return the number of characters in string s.

int Return the number of characters in string s. 1a.String handling functions: Function strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2) strcpy(char *s1, const char *s2) strlen(const char *) strcat(char *s1, Data type returned int Task Compare two strings lexicographically.