OpenGL and GLUT. COMP413 Computer Graphics. School of Computer Sci. & Eng. Kyungpook National University, Korea. Spring Semester, 2016

Transcription

1 OpenGL and GLUT COMP413 Computer Graphics School of Computer Sci. & Eng. Kyungpook National University, Korea Spring Semester, N Baek 1

2 Contents OpenGL Libraries OpenGL functions naming Installing Steps - very simple example Installing GLEW - another example 2

3 OpenGL Libraries 3

4 OpenGL Libraries OpenGL core library - libgl.a for most Unix/Linux systems - OpenGL32.lib on Windows (version 1.10!) - install new vendor-providing drivers on Windows OpenGL Utility Library (GLU) deprecated! - Provides functionality in OpenGL core but avoids having to rewrite code - Will only work with legacy code - libglu.a for Linux or glu32.lib for Windows Links with window system - GLX for X window systems - WGL for Windows - AGL for Macintosh 4

5 GLUT OpenGL Utility Toolkit (GLUT) - Provides functionality common to all window systems - Open a window - Get input from mouse and keyboard - Menus - Event-driven - Code is portable but GLUT lacks the functionality of a good toolkit for a specific platform - No slide bars 5 5

6 freeglut GLUT was created long ago and has been unchanged - Amazing that it works with OpenGL Some functionality can t work since it requires deprecated functions freeglut updates GLUT - Added capabilities - Context checking 6

7 GLEW OpenGL Extension Wrangler Library Makes it easy to access OpenGL extensions available on a particular system Avoids having to have specific entry points in Windows code Application needs only to #include <glew.h> and run the glewinit( ) function 7 7

8 OpenGL Extensions OpenGL extensions - not the core function - but, standardized in their extension documents - hardware vendor : can decide whether they provide a specific extension or not - programmer : can use a specific extension if and only if the hardware vendor provides it Why extensions? - OpenGL standard specification core driver implementation - When a hardware company implements a new feature, - request to add this feature to the core driver need time - how to provide it, right now? register it as an extension 8

9 OpenGL Extensions finally, OpenGL can provide: - high portability : all OpenGL hardware provide the core driver - brand-new features : provided by limited hardware vendors AMD Radeon Card OpenGL Core Driver AMD specific extension NVIDIA GeForce Card OpenGL Core Driver NVIDIA specific extension application program with AMD extension application program with only core functions application program with NVIDIA extension 9

10 Software Organization 10

11 OpenGL Functions 11

12 OpenGL Functions Primitives - Points - Line Segments - Triangles Attributes Transformations - Viewing - Modeling Control (GLUT) Input (GLUT) Query 12

13 OpenGL State OpenGL is a state machine OpenGL functions are of two types - Primitive generating (Draw) - Can cause output if primitive is visible - How vertices are processed and appearance of primitive are controlled by the state - State changing - Transformation functions - Attribute functions - Under 3.1 most state variables are defined by the application and sent to the shaders 13

14 Lack of Object Orientation not object-oriented paradigm - OpenGL was originated since 1980 s OpenGL is not object oriented so that there are multiple functions for a given logical function - gluniform3f - gluniform2i - gluniform3dv Underlying storage mode is the same Easy to create overloaded functions in C++ but issue is efficiency 14

15 OpenGL function format function name dimensions gluniform3f(float x, float y, float z) belongs to GL library x,y,z are floats gluniform3fv(float p[3]) p is a pointer to an array 15

16 OpenGL suffixes suffix data type C language OpenGL type b 8-bit integer signed char GLbyte s 16-bit integer short GLshort i 32-bit integer int / long GLint, GLsizei f 32-bit floating pt. float GLfloat, GLclampf d 64-bit floating pt. double GLdouble, GLclampd ub 8-bit unsigned int unsigned char GLubyte, GLboolean us 16-bit unsigned int unsigned short GLushort ui 32-bit unsigned int unsigned int / GLuint, GLenum, unsigned long GLbitfield 16

17 OpenGL #defines Most constants are defined in the include files gl.h, glu.h and glut.h - Note #include <GL/glut.h> should automatically include the others - Examples - glenable(gl_depth_test) - glclear(gl_color_buffer_bit) include files also define OpenGL data types: - GLfloat, GLdouble,. 17

18 Install Steps 18

19 Upgrade Graphics Card Driver prepare Visual Studio 2010 or later nvidia.com 19

20 GLUT install (not recommended) 20

21 freeglut install (recommended) The Free OpenGL Utility Toolkit 21

22 freeglut install Martin Payne s Windows binaries (MSVC and MinGW) - Freeglut [Released: 5 Apr 2013] or newer - Currently, Freeglut available 22

23 freeglut install choose Download freeglut for MSVC unzip it: 23

24 freeglut install header files: - freeglut/include/gl/* C:/Program Files (x86)/microsoft SDKs/Windows/v7.0A/Include/gl/* 24

25 freeglut install library files freeglut/lib/freeglut.lib...sdks/windows/v7.0a/lib/freeglut.lib freeglut/lib/x64/freeglut.lib...sdks/windows/v7.0a/lib/x64/freeglut.lib 25

26 freeglut install dll files (for Windows7 64bit or later) freeglut/bin/freeglut.dll (32bit DLL) C:/Windows/SysWOW64 (32bit DLL directory) freeglut/bin/x64/freeglut.dll (64bit DLL) C:/Windows/system32 (64bit DLL directory) 26

27 Hello, freeglut #include <GL/glut.h> int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { glutinit(&argc, argv); glutinitwindowsize(500, 500); glutcreatewindow( Hello"); glutmainloop(); return 0; } 27

28 With Visual Studio 2010, make a new project, - choose Win32 Console Application - input the project name - does not need pre-compiled headers - remove stdafx.cpp 28

29 Win7 64bit + MSVC 2010 with 64bit CPU 29

30 Win7 64bit + MSVC 2010 after execution, to close it, press X button - later, we will get a more elegant way. 30

31 Install GLEW 31

32 Glew The OpenGL Extension Wrangler Library - cross-platform open-source C/C++ extension loading library

33 Install Glew download Windows 32-bit and 64-bit version unzip glew zip: 33

34 Install Glew.../glew /include/gl/* C:/Program Files (x86)/microsoft SDKs/Windows/v7.0A/Include/gl 34

35 Install Glew.../glew /lib/Release/Win32/* C:/Program Files (x86)/microsoft SDKs/Windows/v7.0A/Lib.../glew /lib/Release/x64/* C:/Program Files (x86)/microsoft SDKs/Windows/v7.0A/Lib/x64.../glew /bin/Release/Win32/glew32.dll C:/Windows/SysWOW64.../glew /bin/Release/x64/glew32.dll C:/Window/System32 35

36 Test Glew run glew /bin/release/x64/glewinfo.exe - silent execution we get glewinfo.txt - We got the whole function lists and support information 36

37 Test Glew run glew /bin/release/x64/visualinfo.exe - silent execution we get visualinfo.txt - OpenGL extension lists + frame-buffer configurations 37

38 With VisualStudio 2010, add glew32.lib; to additional dependencies ( 추가종속성 ) or add #pragma comment(lib, glew32.lib ) 38

39 Using Glew in OpenGL Programs #include <stdio.h> #include <GL/glew.h> #include <GL/glut.h> #pragma comment(lib, glew32.lib ) void myinit(void) { const char* strversion = glgetstring(gl_version); printf("version = %s\n", strversion); fflush(stdout); } void mydisplay(void) { glclear(gl_color_buffer_bit); glflush(); } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { glutinit(&argc, argv); glutinitwindowsize(200, 200); glutcreatewindow("simple"); glutdisplayfunc(mydisplay); glewinit(); myinit(); glutmainloop(); return 0; } on the screen, this is black, not gray. 39

40 Homework #1 install all the required DLL s and header files. compile the source code in the previous page capture the window with Alt+Prt Sc the captured image to gmail.com Title: [COMP413] homework 01 {student id} {name} due date: today + 7 days, before the lecture hours 40

41 Copyright Notice This class is strongly requested to protect the copyright of any course materials provided in the class. Korean Copyright Law and United States Education Code prohibit the unauthorized selling and/or posting of class lecture notes on any public websites. It is also prohibited to record any course materials in any audio and/or video formats. 이과목의모든강의관련내용은강력한저작권보호를받음. 강의노트, 강의교재와이의어떠한발췌형태도공공웹싸이트에올리는것이금지되어있음. 강의를녹음 / 녹화하는것도일체금지되어있음. c mobile graphics lab, KNU 41

42 x86 architectures 42

43 x86 architecture x86 (original) : any 8086 compatible CPU , 8088, 80286, in 1980s and early 1990s - also known as x86-16 x86 : 32bit instruction set of the 80386, in also known as x86-32 x86-64 : AMD64 instruction set architecture - starting from AMD Opteron, in also known as x64, x86_64, amd64 43

44 IA-32 / x86-32 IA-32 : Intel Architecture, 32 bit - since Intel microprocessor in using by Intel, AMD, and VIA - now moved to x86-64 architecture - still used by Intel Atom, AMD Geode, VIA C7 family. actually, x bit version of x86 architecture 44

45 IA-64 / Itanium IA-64 Intel Architecture, 64-bit - since Itanium processor (Merced) in currently available: Intel Itanium Processors also known as: Intel Itanium Architecture - instruction-level parallelism - based on HP RISC architecture, EPIC - execute multiple instructions in each clock cycle - a kind of VLIW (very long instruction word) - multiple instructions in a single instruction word bit instruction word = 3 instructions - 64-bit register-rich explicitly parallel architecture integer registers, 128 floating-point registers, and others competitors: x86-64 processors (Intel Xeon, AMD Opteron) 45

46 x86-64 / Intel 64 / AMD64 x86-64 : 64-bit version of the x86 instruction set - since AMD Opteron, in fully backwards compatible with x86-16 and x no emulation, but full hardware support for x86-16 and x86-32 also known as: x86-64, IA-32e, EM64T, Intel 64, AMD64 AMD64 : Opteron, Athlon, Turion, Fusion and later Intel 64 : Pentium 4, Celeron D, Xeon and later - Core 2, Core i7, Core i5, Core i3 - Intel failed to develop their own 64-bit version - so, they import amd64 as their brand-new Intel 64 46

47 sizeof problem X64 can cause some portability issues to x86 - C standard specification: int is the basic data type of CPU bit (4 byte) 64-bit (8 byte) : too many confusions A solution: fix int as 4 byte, even in x64 So.. Currently, x86 : int 32, long 32, pointer 32-bit, size_t 32bit x64 Windows : int 32, long 32, long long 64, pointer 64, size_t 64 bit x64 Linux : int 32, long 64, pointer 64, size_t 64bit 47