Formats and the Format Procedure

Transcription

1 Formats and the Format Procedure

2 Assigning Formats for Display While labels are used to change how a variable name is displayed, formats are used to change how data values are displayed. Formats are assigned with the format statement If the format statement is made in a procedure (e.g. proc print), the format is considered temporary holds only for the run of that procedure

3 Indicates character format. Formats and Informats General form of formats/informats Format name (may be null). <$>format<w>.<d> Total width of the format. Delimiter required. Decimal places displayed for numeric formats.

4 Some SAS Formats Format w.d 8.2 $w. $5. commaw.d comma9.2 dollarw.d dollar10.2 Usage/Result Standard numeric format Width=8, 2 decimal places, e.g Standard character format Width=5, e.g. James Numeric format with commas Width=9, 2 decimal places, e.g. 18, Numeric format with commas and dollar signs Width=10, 2 decimal places, e.g. $18,127.91

5 Date Formats Format Style Format Style mmddyy date7. 15JAN04 mmddyy8. 01/15/04 date9. 15JAN2004 mmddyy10. 01/15/2004 worddate. January 15, 2004 ddmmyy10. 15/01/2004 weekdate. Thursday, January 15, 2004

6 Format Statement The format statement is used to assign formats in a procedure (or data step) General form: format vara formata. Var B formatb. ; Can list several variables followed by a single format, that format is applied to all preceding variables

7 Example proc sort data=mysas.projects out=proj_sort; run; by pol_type date; Title 'Jobs in Rockford Region Totalling at most $30,000'; proc print data=proj_sort; run; where region eq 'Rockford' and jobtotal le 30000; by pol_type; id pol_type; var date equipmnt personel jobtotal; format date mmddyy10. equipmnt personel jobtotal dollar10.;

8 Example proc sort data=mysas.projects out=proj_sort; run; by pol_type date; Title 'Jobs in Rockford Region Totalling at most $30,000'; proc print data=proj_sort; run; where region eq 'Rockford' and jobtotal le 30000; by pol_type; id pol_type; var date equipmnt personel jobtotal; format date mmddyy10. equipmnt personel jobtotal dollar10.; The dollar format is applied to all 3 of equipmnt, personel and jobtotal.

9 Output

10 The Format Procedure To create our own formats, we will use PROC FORMAT: proc format; value <$>name range1= label1 range2= label2 ; run;

11 The Format Procedure The format name is limited to 32 characters, letters and underscores only. If the format is for character variables, it must be proceeded by a $ (included in the name length). The value statement includes the format name and all format values.

12 The Format Procedure Example: show names instead of pollutant codes. proc format; ; run; value $pollutant 'CO'='Carbon Monoxide' 'O3'='Ozone' 'LEAD'='Lead' 'TSP'='Suspended Particulates' 'SO2'='Sulfur Dioxide'

13 The Format Procedure So if we run: proc print data=proj_sort; where region eq 'Rockford' and jobtotal le 30000; by pol_type; id pol_type; var date equipmnt personel jobtotal; format date mmddyy10. equipmnt personel jobtotal dollar10. pol_type $pollutant.; run;

14 Codes are replaced with names The Format Procedure

15 More on Formats Ranges of values can be placed into formats, using -, < and > characters. a-b all values between a and b inclusive a-<b all values between a and b not including b a<-b all values between a and b not including a a<-<b all values between a and b not including a or b

16 More on Formats For numeric formats there are two special values: low - high You may use an existing format for some ranges value-range=[format] e.g.:. = 'N/A' 0-high=[comma9.] Catch-all: other all other values not defined in the format.

17 Example Create these for use with the fish data set: proc format; value dam 0 = 'No Dam' 1 = 'Dam Present'. = 'Unknown' ; value laketype 1='Oligotrophic' 2='Eutrophic' 3='Mesotrophic'. ='Unknown' ; value safety low-<0.25='safe' 0.25-<0.5='Marginal' 0.5-high='Dangerous' ; run;

18 Example And submit the following proc sort data=mysas.fish out=sorted; by lt dam; run; Title 'Lakes & Ponds Over 1000 ft. in Elevation'; proc print data=sorted noobs label; by lt dam; id lt dam; var elv hg; where elv gt 1000; format hg safety. lt laketype. dam dam.; run;

19 Result

20 Permanent Storage of Formats You can store formats you create for later use with the LIBRARY= option in proc format. To use such formats in subsequent SAS sessions you will need to modify the FMTSEARCH system option.

21 Example proc format library=sasuser; run; value damyn 0 = 'No Dam' 1 = 'Dam Present'. = 'Unknown' ; value lake 1='Oligotrophic' 2='Eutrophic' 3='Mesotrophic'. ='Unknown' ; value safe low-<0.25='safe' 0.25-<0.5='Marginal' 0.5-high='Dangerous' ; After submitting this, check the SASUSER library for a catalog (folder) called formats and see what is there

22 Example In order to actually use this, you have to tell SAS it needs to look here for formats. System option FMTSEARCH By default SAS looks in the work library for user defined formats. To add to the list of the places it will look submit the options statement using the appropriate libref: options fmtsearch=(libref); To find out more about the formats stored in a particular location, submit: proc format fmtlib library=libref; run;

23 Exercises For the employee_payroll data in the Orion folder, produce the following output (which includes formats applied to the birth and hire dates and also the salary).

24 Exercises

25 Exercises Modify the previous do display the marital status and gender as follows:

26 Exercises