ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions. Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road Palo Alto, CA U.S.A.

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1 ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road Palo Alto, CA U.S.A. Part No: December 10, 1999

2 Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California U.S.A. All rights reserved. This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Third-party software, including font technology, is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers. Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems, licensed from the University of California. UNIX is a registered trademark in the U.S. and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, docs.sun.com, AnswerBook, AnswerBook2, ChorusOS, and Solaris are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. The OPEN LOOK and Sun Graphical User Interface was developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. for its users and licensees. Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry. Sun holds a non-exclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface, which license also covers Sun s licensees who implement OPEN LOOK GUIs and otherwise comply with Sun s written license agreements. RESTRICTED RIGHTS: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions of FAR (g)(2)(6/87) and FAR (6/87), or DFAR (b)(6/95) and DFAR (a). DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED AS IS AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID. Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, Californie Etats-Unis. Tous droits réservés. Ce produit ou document est protégé par un copyright et distribué avec des licences qui en restreignent l utilisation, la copie, la distribution, et la décompilation. Aucune partie de ce produit ou document ne peut être reproduite sous aucune forme, par quelque moyen que ce soit, sans l autorisation préalable et écrite de Sun et de ses bailleurs de licence, s il y en a. Le logiciel détenu par des tiers, et qui comprend la technologie relative aux polices de caractères, est protégé par un copyright et licencié par des fournisseurs de Sun. Des parties de ce produit pourront être dérivées du système Berkeley BSD licenciés par l Université de Californie. UNIX est une marque déposée aux Etats-Unis et dans d autres pays et licenciée exclusivement par X/Open Company, Ltd. Sun, Sun Microsystems, le logo Sun, docs.sun.com, AnswerBook, AnswerBook2, ChorusOS, et Solaris sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques déposées, ou marques de service, de Sun Microsystems, Inc. aux Etats-Unis et dans d autres pays. Toutes les marques SPARC sont utilisées sous licence et sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques déposées de SPARC International, Inc. aux Etats-Unis et dans d autres pays. Les produits portant les marques SPARC sont basés sur une architecture développée par Sun Microsystems, Inc. L interface d utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et Sun a été développée par Sun Microsystems, Inc. pour ses utilisateurs et licenciés. Sun reconnaît les efforts de pionniers de Xerox pour la recherche et le développement du concept des interfaces d utilisation visuelle ou graphique pour l industrie de l informatique. Sun détient une licence non exclusive de Xerox sur l interface d utilisation graphique Xerox, cette licence couvrant également les licenciés de Sun qui mettent en place l interface d utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et qui en outre se conforment aux licences écrites de Sun. CETTE PUBLICATION EST FOURNIE EN L ETAT ET AUCUNE GARANTIE, EXPRESSE OU IMPLICITE, N EST ACCORDEE, Y COMPRIS DES GARANTIES CONCERNANT LA VALEUR MARCHANDE, L APTITUDE DE LA PUBLICATION A REPONDRE A UNE UTILISATION PARTICULIERE, OU LE FAIT QU ELLE NE SOIT PAS CONTREFAISANTE DE PRODUIT DE TIERS. CE DENI DE GARANTIE NE S APPLIQUERAIT PAS, DANS LA MESURE OU IL SERAIT TENU JURIDIQUEMENT NUL ET NON AVENU. Please Recycle

3 Contents PREFACE 43 Intro(3STDC) 49 intro(3stdc) 49 abort(3stdc) 57 abs(3stdc) 58 scandir(3stdc) 59 alphasort(3stdc) 59 ctime(3stdc) 60 asctime(3stdc) 60 difftime(3stdc) 60 gmtime(3stdc) 60 localtime(3stdc) 60 mktime(3stdc) 60 ctime_r(3stdc) 62 asctime_r(3stdc) 62 gmtime_r(3stdc) 62 localtime_r(3stdc) 62 assert(3stdc) 63 _assert(3stdc) 63 Contents 3

4 _stdc_assert(3stdc) 63 assert(3stdc) 64 _assert(3stdc) 64 _stdc_assert(3stdc) 64 atexit(3stdc) 65 strtod(3stdc) 66 atof(3stdc) 66 strtol(3stdc) 67 atol(3stdc) 67 atoi(3stdc) 67 strtol(3stdc) 69 atol(3stdc) 69 atoi(3stdc) 69 bstring(3stdc) 71 bcopy(3stdc) 71 bcmp(3stdc) 71 bzero(3stdc) 71 ffs(3stdc) 71 bstring(3stdc) 72 bcopy(3stdc) 72 bcmp(3stdc) 72 bzero(3stdc) 72 ffs(3stdc) 72 bsearch(3stdc) 73 bstring(3stdc) 75 bcopy(3stdc) 75 bcmp(3stdc) 75 bzero(3stdc) 75 4 ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

5 ffs(3stdc) 75 byteorder(3stdc) 76 htonl(3stdc) 76 htons(3stdc) 76 ntohl(3stdc) 76 ntohs(3stdc) 76 bstring(3stdc) 77 bcopy(3stdc) 77 bcmp(3stdc) 77 bzero(3stdc) 77 ffs(3stdc) 77 malloc(3stdc) 78 free(3stdc) 78 realloc(3stdc) 78 calloc(3stdc) 78 ferror(3stdc) 81 feof(3stdc) 81 fileno(3stdc) 81 clearerr(3stdc) 81 ctime(3stdc) 82 asctime(3stdc) 82 difftime(3stdc) 82 gmtime(3stdc) 82 localtime(3stdc) 82 mktime(3stdc) 82 ctime_r(3stdc) 84 asctime_r(3stdc) 84 gmtime_r(3stdc) 84 Contents 5

6 localtime_r(3stdc) 84 ctype(3stdc) 85 isalpha(3stdc) 85 isupper(3stdc) 85 islower(3stdc) 85 isdigit(3stdc) 85 isxdigit(3stdc) 85 isalnum(3stdc) 85 isspace(3stdc) 85 ispunct(3stdc) 85 isprint(3stdc) 85 isgraph(3stdc) 85 iscntrl(3stdc) 85 tolower(3stdc) 85 toupper(3stdc) 85 ctime(3stdc) 87 asctime(3stdc) 87 difftime(3stdc) 87 gmtime(3stdc) 87 localtime(3stdc) 87 mktime(3stdc) 87 div(3stdc) 89 perror(3stdc) 90 errno(3stdc) 90 sys_errlist(3stdc) 90 sys_nerr(3stdc) 90 exit(3stdc) 91 fabs(3stdc) 92 6 ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

7 fclose(3stdc) 93 fflush(3stdc) 93 fopen(3stdc) 94 freopen(3stdc) 94 fdopen(3stdc) 94 ferror(3stdc) 96 feof(3stdc) 96 fileno(3stdc) 96 clearerr(3stdc) 96 ferror(3stdc) 97 feof(3stdc) 97 fileno(3stdc) 97 clearerr(3stdc) 97 fclose(3stdc) 98 fflush(3stdc) 98 bstring(3stdc) 99 bcopy(3stdc) 99 bcmp(3stdc) 99 bzero(3stdc) 99 ffs(3stdc) 99 getc(3stdc) 100 fgetc(3stdc) 100 getw(3stdc) 100 fseek(3stdc) 101 rewind(3stdc) 101 ftell(3stdc) 101 fgetpos(3stdc) 101 fsetpos(3stdc) 101 Contents 7

8 gets(3stdc) 103 fgets(3stdc) 103 ferror(3stdc) 104 feof(3stdc) 104 fileno(3stdc) 104 clearerr(3stdc) 104 flockfile(3stdc) 105 ftrylockfile(3stdc) 105 funlockfile(3stdc) 105 fopen(3stdc) 106 freopen(3stdc) 106 fdopen(3stdc) 106 fprintf(3stdc) 108 putc(3stdc) 109 fputc(3stdc) 109 putw(3stdc) 109 puts(3stdc) 110 fputs(3stdc) 110 fread(3stdc) 111 fwrite(3stdc) 111 malloc(3stdc) 112 free(3stdc) 112 realloc(3stdc) 112 calloc(3stdc) 112 fopen(3stdc) 115 freopen(3stdc) 115 fdopen(3stdc) 115 fscanf(3stdc) ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

9 fseek(3stdc) 118 rewind(3stdc) 118 ftell(3stdc) 118 fgetpos(3stdc) 118 fsetpos(3stdc) 118 fseek(3stdc) 120 rewind(3stdc) 120 ftell(3stdc) 120 fgetpos(3stdc) 120 fsetpos(3stdc) 120 fseek(3stdc) 122 rewind(3stdc) 122 ftell(3stdc) 122 fgetpos(3stdc) 122 fsetpos(3stdc) 122 flockfile(3stdc) 124 ftrylockfile(3stdc) 124 funlockfile(3stdc) 124 flockfile(3stdc) 125 ftrylockfile(3stdc) 125 funlockfile(3stdc) 125 fread(3stdc) 126 fwrite(3stdc) 126 getc(3stdc) 127 fgetc(3stdc) 127 getw(3stdc) 127 getchar(3stdc) 128 unlocked(3stdc) 129 Contents 9

10 getc_unlocked(3stdc) 129 getchar_unlocked(3stdc) 129 putc_unlocked(3stdc) 129 putchar_unlocked(3stdc) 129 unlocked(3stdc) 130 getc_unlocked(3stdc) 130 getchar_unlocked(3stdc) 130 putc_unlocked(3stdc) 130 putchar_unlocked(3stdc) 130 getenv(3stdc) 131 putenv(3stdc) 131 setenv(3stdc) 131 unsetenv(3stdc) 131 gethostbyaddr(3stdc) 132 gethostbyname(3stdc) 132 gethostbyaddr(3stdc) 134 gethostbyname(3stdc) 134 getopt(3stdc) 136 gets(3stdc) 138 fgets(3stdc) 138 getsitebyname(3stdc) 139 getsitebyaddr(3stdc) 139 getsitebyname(3stdc) 140 getsitebyaddr(3stdc) 140 getsubopt(3stdc) 141 getc(3stdc) 143 fgetc(3stdc) 143 getw(3stdc) ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

11 ctime(3stdc) 144 asctime(3stdc) 144 difftime(3stdc) 144 gmtime(3stdc) 144 localtime(3stdc) 144 mktime(3stdc) 144 ctime_r(3stdc) 146 asctime_r(3stdc) 146 gmtime_r(3stdc) 146 localtime_r(3stdc) 146 byteorder(3stdc) 147 htonl(3stdc) 147 htons(3stdc) 147 ntohl(3stdc) 147 ntohs(3stdc) 147 byteorder(3stdc) 148 htonl(3stdc) 148 htons(3stdc) 148 ntohl(3stdc) 148 ntohs(3stdc) 148 index(3stdc) 149 rindex(3stdc) 149 inet(3stdc) 150 inet_aton(3stdc) 150 inet_addr(3stdc) 150 inet_network(3stdc) 150 inet_ntoa(3stdc) 150 inet_makeaddr(3stdc) 150 Contents 11

12 inet_lnaof(3stdc) 150 inet_netof(3stdc) 150 inet(3stdc) 152 inet_aton(3stdc) 152 inet_addr(3stdc) 152 inet_network(3stdc) 152 inet_ntoa(3stdc) 152 inet_makeaddr(3stdc) 152 inet_lnaof(3stdc) 152 inet_netof(3stdc) 152 inet(3stdc) 154 inet_aton(3stdc) 154 inet_addr(3stdc) 154 inet_network(3stdc) 154 inet_ntoa(3stdc) 154 inet_makeaddr(3stdc) 154 inet_lnaof(3stdc) 154 inet_netof(3stdc) 154 inet(3stdc) 156 inet_aton(3stdc) 156 inet_addr(3stdc) 156 inet_network(3stdc) 156 inet_ntoa(3stdc) 156 inet_makeaddr(3stdc) 156 inet_lnaof(3stdc) 156 inet_netof(3stdc) 156 inet(3stdc) 158 inet_aton(3stdc) ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

13 inet_addr(3stdc) 158 inet_network(3stdc) 158 inet_ntoa(3stdc) 158 inet_makeaddr(3stdc) 158 inet_lnaof(3stdc) 158 inet_netof(3stdc) 158 inet(3stdc) 160 inet_aton(3stdc) 160 inet_addr(3stdc) 160 inet_network(3stdc) 160 inet_ntoa(3stdc) 160 inet_makeaddr(3stdc) 160 inet_lnaof(3stdc) 160 inet_netof(3stdc) 160 inet(3stdc) 162 inet_aton(3stdc) 162 inet_addr(3stdc) 162 inet_network(3stdc) 162 inet_ntoa(3stdc) 162 inet_makeaddr(3stdc) 162 inet_lnaof(3stdc) 162 inet_netof(3stdc) 162 inet(3stdc) 164 inet_aton(3stdc) 164 inet_addr(3stdc) 164 inet_network(3stdc) 164 inet_ntoa(3stdc) 164 inet_makeaddr(3stdc) 164 Contents 13

14 inet_lnaof(3stdc) 164 inet_netof(3stdc) 164 random(3stdc) 166 srandom(3stdc) 166 initstate(3stdc) 166 setstate(3stdc) 166 ctype(3stdc) 168 isalpha(3stdc) 168 isupper(3stdc) 168 islower(3stdc) 168 isdigit(3stdc) 168 isxdigit(3stdc) 168 isalnum(3stdc) 168 isspace(3stdc) 168 ispunct(3stdc) 168 isprint(3stdc) 168 isgraph(3stdc) 168 iscntrl(3stdc) 168 tolower(3stdc) 168 toupper(3stdc) 168 ctype(3stdc) 170 isalpha(3stdc) 170 isupper(3stdc) 170 islower(3stdc) 170 isdigit(3stdc) 170 isxdigit(3stdc) 170 isalnum(3stdc) 170 isspace(3stdc) ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

15 ispunct(3stdc) 170 isprint(3stdc) 170 isgraph(3stdc) 170 iscntrl(3stdc) 170 tolower(3stdc) 170 toupper(3stdc) 170 isascii(3stdc) 172 isatty(3stdc) 173 ctype(3stdc) 174 isalpha(3stdc) 174 isupper(3stdc) 174 islower(3stdc) 174 isdigit(3stdc) 174 isxdigit(3stdc) 174 isalnum(3stdc) 174 isspace(3stdc) 174 ispunct(3stdc) 174 isprint(3stdc) 174 isgraph(3stdc) 174 iscntrl(3stdc) 174 tolower(3stdc) 174 toupper(3stdc) 174 ctype(3stdc) 176 isalpha(3stdc) 176 isupper(3stdc) 176 islower(3stdc) 176 isdigit(3stdc) 176 isxdigit(3stdc) 176 Contents 15

16 isalnum(3stdc) 176 isspace(3stdc) 176 ispunct(3stdc) 176 isprint(3stdc) 176 isgraph(3stdc) 176 iscntrl(3stdc) 176 tolower(3stdc) 176 toupper(3stdc) 176 ctype(3stdc) 178 isalpha(3stdc) 178 isupper(3stdc) 178 islower(3stdc) 178 isdigit(3stdc) 178 isxdigit(3stdc) 178 isalnum(3stdc) 178 isspace(3stdc) 178 ispunct(3stdc) 178 isprint(3stdc) 178 isgraph(3stdc) 178 iscntrl(3stdc) 178 tolower(3stdc) 178 toupper(3stdc) 178 isinf(3stdc) 180 isnan(3stdc) 180 ctype(3stdc) 181 isalpha(3stdc) 181 isupper(3stdc) 181 islower(3stdc) ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

17 isdigit(3stdc) 181 isxdigit(3stdc) 181 isalnum(3stdc) 181 isspace(3stdc) 181 ispunct(3stdc) 181 isprint(3stdc) 181 isgraph(3stdc) 181 iscntrl(3stdc) 181 tolower(3stdc) 181 toupper(3stdc) 181 isinf(3stdc) 183 isnan(3stdc) 183 ctype(3stdc) 184 isalpha(3stdc) 184 isupper(3stdc) 184 islower(3stdc) 184 isdigit(3stdc) 184 isxdigit(3stdc) 184 isalnum(3stdc) 184 isspace(3stdc) 184 ispunct(3stdc) 184 isprint(3stdc) 184 isgraph(3stdc) 184 iscntrl(3stdc) 184 tolower(3stdc) 184 toupper(3stdc) 184 ctype(3stdc) 186 isalpha(3stdc) 186 Contents 17

18 isupper(3stdc) 186 islower(3stdc) 186 isdigit(3stdc) 186 isxdigit(3stdc) 186 isalnum(3stdc) 186 isspace(3stdc) 186 ispunct(3stdc) 186 isprint(3stdc) 186 isgraph(3stdc) 186 iscntrl(3stdc) 186 tolower(3stdc) 186 toupper(3stdc) 186 ctype(3stdc) 188 isalpha(3stdc) 188 isupper(3stdc) 188 islower(3stdc) 188 isdigit(3stdc) 188 isxdigit(3stdc) 188 isalnum(3stdc) 188 isspace(3stdc) 188 ispunct(3stdc) 188 isprint(3stdc) 188 isgraph(3stdc) 188 iscntrl(3stdc) 188 tolower(3stdc) 188 toupper(3stdc) 188 ctype(3stdc) 190 isalpha(3stdc) ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

19 isupper(3stdc) 190 islower(3stdc) 190 isdigit(3stdc) 190 isxdigit(3stdc) 190 isalnum(3stdc) 190 isspace(3stdc) 190 ispunct(3stdc) 190 isprint(3stdc) 190 isgraph(3stdc) 190 iscntrl(3stdc) 190 tolower(3stdc) 190 toupper(3stdc) 190 ctype(3stdc) 192 isalpha(3stdc) 192 isupper(3stdc) 192 islower(3stdc) 192 isdigit(3stdc) 192 isxdigit(3stdc) 192 isalnum(3stdc) 192 isspace(3stdc) 192 ispunct(3stdc) 192 isprint(3stdc) 192 isgraph(3stdc) 192 iscntrl(3stdc) 192 tolower(3stdc) 192 toupper(3stdc) 192 labs(3stdc) 194 ldexp(3stdc) 195 Contents 19

20 _ldexp(3stdc) 195 ldexp(3stdc) 196 _ldexp(3stdc) 196 ldiv(3stdc) 197 ctime(3stdc) 198 asctime(3stdc) 198 difftime(3stdc) 198 gmtime(3stdc) 198 localtime(3stdc) 198 mktime(3stdc) 198 ctime_r(3stdc) 200 asctime_r(3stdc) 200 gmtime_r(3stdc) 200 localtime_r(3stdc) 200 setjmp(3stdc) 201 longjmp(3stdc) 201 malloc(3stdc) 202 free(3stdc) 202 realloc(3stdc) 202 calloc(3stdc) 202 memory(3stdc) 205 memccpy(3stdc) 205 memchr(3stdc) 205 memcmp(3stdc) 205 memcpy(3stdc) 205 memmove(3stdc) 205 memset(3stdc) 205 memory(3stdc) ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

21 memccpy(3stdc) 206 memchr(3stdc) 206 memcmp(3stdc) 206 memcpy(3stdc) 206 memmove(3stdc) 206 memset(3stdc) 206 memory(3stdc) 207 memccpy(3stdc) 207 memchr(3stdc) 207 memcmp(3stdc) 207 memcpy(3stdc) 207 memmove(3stdc) 207 memset(3stdc) 207 memory(3stdc) 208 memccpy(3stdc) 208 memchr(3stdc) 208 memcmp(3stdc) 208 memcpy(3stdc) 208 memmove(3stdc) 208 memset(3stdc) 208 memory(3stdc) 209 memccpy(3stdc) 209 memchr(3stdc) 209 memcmp(3stdc) 209 memcpy(3stdc) 209 memmove(3stdc) 209 memset(3stdc) 209 memory(3stdc) 210 Contents 21

22 memccpy(3stdc) 210 memchr(3stdc) 210 memcmp(3stdc) 210 memcpy(3stdc) 210 memmove(3stdc) 210 memset(3stdc) 210 memory(3stdc) 211 memccpy(3stdc) 211 memchr(3stdc) 211 memcmp(3stdc) 211 memcpy(3stdc) 211 memmove(3stdc) 211 memset(3stdc) 211 mktemp(3stdc) 212 mkstemp(3stdc) 212 mktemp(3stdc) 213 mkstemp(3stdc) 213 ctime(3stdc) 214 asctime(3stdc) 214 difftime(3stdc) 214 gmtime(3stdc) 214 localtime(3stdc) 214 mktime(3stdc) 214 modf(3stdc) 216 byteorder(3stdc) 217 htonl(3stdc) 217 htons(3stdc) 217 ntohl(3stdc) ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

23 ntohs(3stdc) 217 byteorder(3stdc) 218 htonl(3stdc) 218 htons(3stdc) 218 ntohl(3stdc) 218 ntohs(3stdc) 218 perror(3stdc) 219 errno(3stdc) 219 sys_errlist(3stdc) 219 sys_nerr(3stdc) 219 printf(3stdc) 220 sprintf(3stdc) 220 snprintf(3stdc) 220 printerr(3stdc) 220 printf(3stdc) 224 sprintf(3stdc) 224 snprintf(3stdc) 224 printerr(3stdc) 224 putc(3stdc) 228 fputc(3stdc) 228 putw(3stdc) 228 putchar(3stdc) 229 unlocked(3stdc) 230 getc_unlocked(3stdc) 230 getchar_unlocked(3stdc) 230 putc_unlocked(3stdc) 230 putchar_unlocked(3stdc) 230 unlocked(3stdc) 231 Contents 23

24 getc_unlocked(3stdc) 231 getchar_unlocked(3stdc) 231 putc_unlocked(3stdc) 231 putchar_unlocked(3stdc) 231 getenv(3stdc) 232 putenv(3stdc) 232 setenv(3stdc) 232 unsetenv(3stdc) 232 puts(3stdc) 233 fputs(3stdc) 233 putc(3stdc) 234 fputc(3stdc) 234 putw(3stdc) 234 qsort(3stdc) 235 rand(3stdc) 236 srand(3stdc) 236 random(3stdc) 237 srandom(3stdc) 237 initstate(3stdc) 237 setstate(3stdc) 237 rand_r(3stdc) 239 malloc(3stdc) 240 free(3stdc) 240 realloc(3stdc) 240 calloc(3stdc) 240 regex(3stdc) 243 regcomp(3stdc) 243 regexec(3stdc) ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

25 regerror(3stdc) 243 regfree(3stdc) 243 regex(3stdc) 250 regcomp(3stdc) 250 regexec(3stdc) 250 regerror(3stdc) 250 regfree(3stdc) 250 regex(3stdc) 257 regcomp(3stdc) 257 regexec(3stdc) 257 regerror(3stdc) 257 regfree(3stdc) 257 regex(3stdc) 264 regcomp(3stdc) 264 regexec(3stdc) 264 regerror(3stdc) 264 regfree(3stdc) 264 regex(3stdc) 271 regcomp(3stdc) 271 regexec(3stdc) 271 regerror(3stdc) 271 regfree(3stdc) 271 remove(3stdc) 278 fseek(3stdc) 279 rewind(3stdc) 279 ftell(3stdc) 279 fgetpos(3stdc) 279 fsetpos(3stdc) 279 Contents 25

26 index(3stdc) 281 rindex(3stdc) 281 scandir(3stdc) 282 alphasort(3stdc) 282 scanf(3stdc) 283 sscanf(3stdc) 283 setbuf(3stdc) 287 setvbuf(3stdc) 287 getenv(3stdc) 289 putenv(3stdc) 289 setenv(3stdc) 289 unsetenv(3stdc) 289 setjmp(3stdc) 290 longjmp(3stdc) 290 random(3stdc) 291 srandom(3stdc) 291 initstate(3stdc) 291 setstate(3stdc) 291 setbuf(3stdc) 293 setvbuf(3stdc) 293 printf(3stdc) 295 sprintf(3stdc) 295 snprintf(3stdc) 295 printerr(3stdc) 295 printf(3stdc) 299 sprintf(3stdc) 299 snprintf(3stdc) 299 printerr(3stdc) ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

27 rand(3stdc) 303 srand(3stdc) 303 random(3stdc) 304 srandom(3stdc) 304 initstate(3stdc) 304 setstate(3stdc) 304 scanf(3stdc) 306 sscanf(3stdc) 306 stdarg(3stdc) 310 assert(3stdc) 312 _assert(3stdc) 312 _stdc_assert(3stdc) 312 string(3stdc) 313 strcasecmp(3stdc) 313 strncasecmp(3stdc) 313 strcat(3stdc) 313 strncat(3stdc) 313 strcmp(3stdc) 313 strncmp(3stdc) 313 strcoll(3stdc) 313 strcpy(3stdc) 313 strdup(3stdc) 313 strncpy(3stdc) 313 strlen(3stdc) 313 strchr(3stdc) 313 strrchr(3stdc) 313 strpbrk(3stdc) 313 strspn(3stdc) 313 Contents 27

28 strstr(3stdc) 313 strcspn(3stdc) 313 string(3stdc) 315 strcasecmp(3stdc) 315 strncasecmp(3stdc) 315 strcat(3stdc) 315 strncat(3stdc) 315 strcmp(3stdc) 315 strncmp(3stdc) 315 strcoll(3stdc) 315 strcpy(3stdc) 315 strdup(3stdc) 315 strncpy(3stdc) 315 strlen(3stdc) 315 strchr(3stdc) 315 strrchr(3stdc) 315 strpbrk(3stdc) 315 strspn(3stdc) 315 strstr(3stdc) 315 strcspn(3stdc) 315 string(3stdc) 317 strcasecmp(3stdc) 317 strncasecmp(3stdc) 317 strcat(3stdc) 317 strncat(3stdc) 317 strcmp(3stdc) 317 strncmp(3stdc) 317 strcoll(3stdc) ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

29 strcpy(3stdc) 317 strdup(3stdc) 317 strncpy(3stdc) 317 strlen(3stdc) 317 strchr(3stdc) 317 strrchr(3stdc) 317 strpbrk(3stdc) 317 strspn(3stdc) 317 strstr(3stdc) 317 strcspn(3stdc) 317 string(3stdc) 319 strcasecmp(3stdc) 319 strncasecmp(3stdc) 319 strcat(3stdc) 319 strncat(3stdc) 319 strcmp(3stdc) 319 strncmp(3stdc) 319 strcoll(3stdc) 319 strcpy(3stdc) 319 strdup(3stdc) 319 strncpy(3stdc) 319 strlen(3stdc) 319 strchr(3stdc) 319 strrchr(3stdc) 319 strpbrk(3stdc) 319 strspn(3stdc) 319 strstr(3stdc) 319 strcspn(3stdc) 319 Contents 29

30 string(3stdc) 321 strcasecmp(3stdc) 321 strncasecmp(3stdc) 321 strcat(3stdc) 321 strncat(3stdc) 321 strcmp(3stdc) 321 strncmp(3stdc) 321 strcoll(3stdc) 321 strcpy(3stdc) 321 strdup(3stdc) 321 strncpy(3stdc) 321 strlen(3stdc) 321 strchr(3stdc) 321 strrchr(3stdc) 321 strpbrk(3stdc) 321 strspn(3stdc) 321 strstr(3stdc) 321 strcspn(3stdc) 321 string(3stdc) 323 strcasecmp(3stdc) 323 strncasecmp(3stdc) 323 strcat(3stdc) 323 strncat(3stdc) 323 strcmp(3stdc) 323 strncmp(3stdc) 323 strcoll(3stdc) 323 strcpy(3stdc) 323 strdup(3stdc) ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

31 strncpy(3stdc) 323 strlen(3stdc) 323 strchr(3stdc) 323 strrchr(3stdc) 323 strpbrk(3stdc) 323 strspn(3stdc) 323 strstr(3stdc) 323 strcspn(3stdc) 323 string(3stdc) 325 strcasecmp(3stdc) 325 strncasecmp(3stdc) 325 strcat(3stdc) 325 strncat(3stdc) 325 strcmp(3stdc) 325 strncmp(3stdc) 325 strcoll(3stdc) 325 strcpy(3stdc) 325 strdup(3stdc) 325 strncpy(3stdc) 325 strlen(3stdc) 325 strchr(3stdc) 325 strrchr(3stdc) 325 strpbrk(3stdc) 325 strspn(3stdc) 325 strstr(3stdc) 325 strcspn(3stdc) 325 string(3stdc) 327 strcasecmp(3stdc) 327 Contents 31

32 strncasecmp(3stdc) 327 strcat(3stdc) 327 strncat(3stdc) 327 strcmp(3stdc) 327 strncmp(3stdc) 327 strcoll(3stdc) 327 strcpy(3stdc) 327 strdup(3stdc) 327 strncpy(3stdc) 327 strlen(3stdc) 327 strchr(3stdc) 327 strrchr(3stdc) 327 strpbrk(3stdc) 327 strspn(3stdc) 327 strstr(3stdc) 327 strcspn(3stdc) 327 strerror(3stdc) 329 strftime(3stdc) 330 string(3stdc) 333 strcasecmp(3stdc) 333 strncasecmp(3stdc) 333 strcat(3stdc) 333 strncat(3stdc) 333 strcmp(3stdc) 333 strncmp(3stdc) 333 strcoll(3stdc) 333 strcpy(3stdc) 333 strdup(3stdc) ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

33 strncpy(3stdc) 333 strlen(3stdc) 333 strchr(3stdc) 333 strrchr(3stdc) 333 strpbrk(3stdc) 333 strspn(3stdc) 333 strstr(3stdc) 333 strcspn(3stdc) 333 string(3stdc) 335 strcasecmp(3stdc) 335 strncasecmp(3stdc) 335 strcat(3stdc) 335 strncat(3stdc) 335 strcmp(3stdc) 335 strncmp(3stdc) 335 strcoll(3stdc) 335 strcpy(3stdc) 335 strdup(3stdc) 335 strncpy(3stdc) 335 strlen(3stdc) 335 strchr(3stdc) 335 strrchr(3stdc) 335 strpbrk(3stdc) 335 strspn(3stdc) 335 strstr(3stdc) 335 strcspn(3stdc) 335 string(3stdc) 337 strcasecmp(3stdc) 337 Contents 33

34 strncasecmp(3stdc) 337 strcat(3stdc) 337 strncat(3stdc) 337 strcmp(3stdc) 337 strncmp(3stdc) 337 strcoll(3stdc) 337 strcpy(3stdc) 337 strdup(3stdc) 337 strncpy(3stdc) 337 strlen(3stdc) 337 strchr(3stdc) 337 strrchr(3stdc) 337 strpbrk(3stdc) 337 strspn(3stdc) 337 strstr(3stdc) 337 strcspn(3stdc) 337 string(3stdc) 339 strcasecmp(3stdc) 339 strncasecmp(3stdc) 339 strcat(3stdc) 339 strncat(3stdc) 339 strcmp(3stdc) 339 strncmp(3stdc) 339 strcoll(3stdc) 339 strcpy(3stdc) 339 strdup(3stdc) 339 strncpy(3stdc) 339 strlen(3stdc) ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

35 strchr(3stdc) 339 strrchr(3stdc) 339 strpbrk(3stdc) 339 strspn(3stdc) 339 strstr(3stdc) 339 strcspn(3stdc) 339 string(3stdc) 341 strcasecmp(3stdc) 341 strncasecmp(3stdc) 341 strcat(3stdc) 341 strncat(3stdc) 341 strcmp(3stdc) 341 strncmp(3stdc) 341 strcoll(3stdc) 341 strcpy(3stdc) 341 strdup(3stdc) 341 strncpy(3stdc) 341 strlen(3stdc) 341 strchr(3stdc) 341 strrchr(3stdc) 341 strpbrk(3stdc) 341 strspn(3stdc) 341 strstr(3stdc) 341 strcspn(3stdc) 341 string(3stdc) 343 strcasecmp(3stdc) 343 strncasecmp(3stdc) 343 strcat(3stdc) 343 Contents 35

36 strncat(3stdc) 343 strcmp(3stdc) 343 strncmp(3stdc) 343 strcoll(3stdc) 343 strcpy(3stdc) 343 strdup(3stdc) 343 strncpy(3stdc) 343 strlen(3stdc) 343 strchr(3stdc) 343 strrchr(3stdc) 343 strpbrk(3stdc) 343 strspn(3stdc) 343 strstr(3stdc) 343 strcspn(3stdc) 343 string(3stdc) 345 strcasecmp(3stdc) 345 strncasecmp(3stdc) 345 strcat(3stdc) 345 strncat(3stdc) 345 strcmp(3stdc) 345 strncmp(3stdc) 345 strcoll(3stdc) 345 strcpy(3stdc) 345 strdup(3stdc) 345 strncpy(3stdc) 345 strlen(3stdc) 345 strchr(3stdc) 345 strrchr(3stdc) ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

37 strpbrk(3stdc) 345 strspn(3stdc) 345 strstr(3stdc) 345 strcspn(3stdc) 345 string(3stdc) 347 strcasecmp(3stdc) 347 strncasecmp(3stdc) 347 strcat(3stdc) 347 strncat(3stdc) 347 strcmp(3stdc) 347 strncmp(3stdc) 347 strcoll(3stdc) 347 strcpy(3stdc) 347 strdup(3stdc) 347 strncpy(3stdc) 347 strlen(3stdc) 347 strchr(3stdc) 347 strrchr(3stdc) 347 strpbrk(3stdc) 347 strspn(3stdc) 347 strstr(3stdc) 347 strcspn(3stdc) 347 strsep(3stdc) 349 string(3stdc) 350 strcasecmp(3stdc) 350 strncasecmp(3stdc) 350 strcat(3stdc) 350 strncat(3stdc) 350 Contents 37

38 strcmp(3stdc) 350 strncmp(3stdc) 350 strcoll(3stdc) 350 strcpy(3stdc) 350 strdup(3stdc) 350 strncpy(3stdc) 350 strlen(3stdc) 350 strchr(3stdc) 350 strrchr(3stdc) 350 strpbrk(3stdc) 350 strspn(3stdc) 350 strstr(3stdc) 350 strcspn(3stdc) 350 string(3stdc) 352 strcasecmp(3stdc) 352 strncasecmp(3stdc) 352 strcat(3stdc) 352 strncat(3stdc) 352 strcmp(3stdc) 352 strncmp(3stdc) 352 strcoll(3stdc) 352 strcpy(3stdc) 352 strdup(3stdc) 352 strncpy(3stdc) 352 strlen(3stdc) 352 strchr(3stdc) 352 strrchr(3stdc) 352 strpbrk(3stdc) ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

39 strspn(3stdc) 352 strstr(3stdc) 352 strcspn(3stdc) 352 strtod(3stdc) 354 atof(3stdc) 354 strtok(3stdc) 355 strtok_r(3stdc) 356 strtol(3stdc) 357 atol(3stdc) 357 atoi(3stdc) 357 strtoul(3stdc) 359 strxfrm(3stdc) 360 swab(3stdc) 361 perror(3stdc) 362 errno(3stdc) 362 sys_errlist(3stdc) 362 sys_nerr(3stdc) 362 perror(3stdc) 363 errno(3stdc) 363 sys_errlist(3stdc) 363 sys_nerr(3stdc) 363 tmpnam(3stdc) 364 tempnam(3stdc) 364 thread_once(3stdc) 366 time(3stdc) 367 tmpfile(3stdc) 368 tmpnam(3stdc) 369 tempnam(3stdc) 369 Contents 39

40 toascii(3stdc) 371 ctype(3stdc) 372 isalpha(3stdc) 372 isupper(3stdc) 372 islower(3stdc) 372 isdigit(3stdc) 372 isxdigit(3stdc) 372 isalnum(3stdc) 372 isspace(3stdc) 372 ispunct(3stdc) 372 isprint(3stdc) 372 isgraph(3stdc) 372 iscntrl(3stdc) 372 tolower(3stdc) 372 toupper(3stdc) 372 ctype(3stdc) 374 isalpha(3stdc) 374 isupper(3stdc) 374 islower(3stdc) 374 isdigit(3stdc) 374 isxdigit(3stdc) 374 isalnum(3stdc) 374 isspace(3stdc) 374 ispunct(3stdc) 374 isprint(3stdc) 374 isgraph(3stdc) 374 iscntrl(3stdc) 374 tolower(3stdc) ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

41 toupper(3stdc) 374 tzset(3stdc) 376 ungetc(3stdc) 378 unlocked(3stdc) 379 getc_unlocked(3stdc) 379 getchar_unlocked(3stdc) 379 putc_unlocked(3stdc) 379 putchar_unlocked(3stdc) 379 getenv(3stdc) 380 putenv(3stdc) 380 setenv(3stdc) 380 unsetenv(3stdc) 380 vfprintf(3stdc) 381 vprintf(3stdc) 382 vsprintf(3stdc) 382 vsnprintf(3stdc) 382 vprintf(3stdc) 383 vsprintf(3stdc) 383 vsnprintf(3stdc) 383 vprintf(3stdc) 384 vsprintf(3stdc) 384 vsnprintf(3stdc) 384 Index 384 Contents 41

42 42 ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

43 PREFACE Overview A man page is provided for both the naive user, and sophisticated user who is familiar with the ChorusOS operating system and is in need of on-line information. A man page is intended to answer concisely the question What does it do? The man pages in general comprise a reference manual. They are not intended to be a tutorial. The following is a list of sections in the ChorusOS man pages and the information it references: Section 1CC: User Utilities; Host and Target Utilities Section 1M: System Management Utilities Section 2DL: System Calls; Data Link Services Section 2K: System Calls; Kernel Services Section 2MON: System Calls; Monitoring Services Section 2POSIX: System Calls; POSIX System Calls Section 2RESTART: System Calls; Hot Restart and Persistent Memory Section 2SEG: System Calls; Virtual Memory Segment Services Section 3FTPD: Libraries; FTP Daemon Section 3M: Libraries; Mathematical Libraries Section 3POSIX: Libraries; POSIX Library Functions Section 3RPC: Libraries; RPC Services Section 3STDC: Libraries; Standard C Library Functions Section 3TELD: Libraries; Telnet Services Section 4CC: Files PREFACE 43

44 Section 5FEA: ChorusOS Features and APIs Section 7P: Protocols Section 7S: Services Section 9DDI: Device Driver Interfaces Section 9DKI: Driver to Kernel Interface Section 9DRV: Driver Implementations ChorusOS man pages are grouped in Reference Manuals, with one reference manual per section. Below is a generic format for man pages. The man pages of each manual section generally follow this order, but include only needed headings. For example, if there are no bugs to report, there is no BUGS section. See the intro pages for more information and detail about each section, and man(1) for more information about man pages in general. This section gives the names of the commands or functions documented, followed by a brief description of what they do. This section shows the syntax of commands or functions. When a command or file does not exist in the standard path, its full pathname is shown. Options and arguments are alphabetized, with single letter arguments first, and options with arguments next, unless a different argument order is required. The following special characters are used in this section: [ ] The option or argument enclosed in these brackets is optional. If the brackets are omitted, the argument must be specified.... Ellipses. Several values may be provided for the previous argument, or the previous argument can be specified multiple times, for example, "filename...". Separator. Only one of the arguments separated by this character can be specified at time. { } Braces. The options and/or arguments enclosed within braces are 44 ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

45 interdependent, such that everything enclosed must be treated as a unit. FEATURES DESCRIPTION OPTIONS OPERANDS OUTPUT RETURN VALUES ERRORS This section provides the list of features which offer an interface. An API may be associated with one or more system features. The interface will be available if one of the associated features has been configured. This section defines the functionality and behavior of the service. Thus it describes concisely what the command does. It does not discuss OPTIONS or cite EXAMPLES.. Interactive commands, subcommands, requests, macros, functions and such, are described under USAGE. This lists the command options with a concise summary of what each option does. The options are listed literally and in the order they appear in the section. Possible arguments to options are discussed under the option, and where appropriate, default values are supplied. This section lists the command operands and describes how they affect the actions of the command. This section describes the output - standard output, standard error, or output files - generated by the command. If the man page documents functions that return values, this section lists these values and describes the conditions under which they are returned. If a function can return only constant values, such as 0 or 1, these values are listed in tagged paragraphs. Otherwise, a single paragraph describes the return values of each function. Functions declared void do not return values, so they are not discussed in RETURN VALUES. On failure, most functions place an error code in the global variable errno indicating why they failed. This section lists alphabetically all error codes a function can generate and describes the conditions that cause each error. When more than one condition can cause the same error, each condition is described in a separate paragraph under the error code. 45

46 USAGE EXAMPLES ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES EXIT STATUS FILES SEE ALSO DIAGNOSTICS WARNINGS NOTES This section is provided as a guidance on use. This section lists special rules, features and commands that require in-depth explanations. The subsections listed below are used to explain built-in functionality: Commands This section provides examples of usage or of Modifiers how to use a command or function. Wherever Variables possible a complete example including command Expressions line entry and machine response is shown. Input Grammar Whenever an example is given, the prompt is shown as example% or if the user must be superuser, example#. Examples are followed by explanations, variable substitution rules, or returned values. Most examples illustrate concepts from the, DESCRIPTION, OPTIONS and USAGE sections. This section lists any environment variables that the command or function affects, followed by a brief description of the effect. This section lists the values the command returns to the calling program or shell and the conditions that cause these values to be returned. Usually, zero is returned for successful completion and values other than zero for various error conditions. This section lists all filenames referred to by the man page, files of interest, and files created or required by commands. Each is followed by a descriptive summary or explanation. This section lists references to other man pages, in-house documentation and outside publications. This section lists diagnostic messages with a brief explanation of the condition causing the error. This section lists warnings about special conditions which could seriously affect your working conditions. This is not a list of diagnostics. This section lists additional information that does not belong anywhere else on the page. It takes the form of an aside to the user, covering points of special interest. Critical information is never covered here. 46 ChorusOS man pages section 3STDC: Standard C Library Functions December 10, 1999

47 BUGS This section describes known bugs and wherever possible, suggests workarounds. 47

48 CHAPTER Standard C Library Functions 48

49 Standard C Library Functions Intro(3STDC) DESCRIPTION DEFINITIONS NOTES STANDARDS ATTRIBUTES Intro, intro introduction to functions and libraries This section describes threadsafe C library functions. Function prototypes can be obtained from the #include files indicated on each page. References of the form name (2K), name (2POSIX), name (3POSIX) and name (3STDC) refer to pages in this section of this document. A character is any bit pattern able to fit into a byte on the machine. The null character is a character with value 0, conventionally represented in the C language as \0. A character array is a sequence of characters. A null-terminated character array (a string ) is a sequence of characters, the last of which is the null character. The null string is a character array containing only the terminating null character. A NULL pointer is the value that is obtained by casting 0 into a pointer. C guarantees that this value will not match any legitimate pointer, so many functions that return pointers return NULL to indicate an error. The macro NULL is defined in stdio.h. Routines from (2POSIX), (3POSIX), (3STDC) are suitable for being linked and invoked in any actor, whether it is an embedded user or supervisor actor, or a c_actor. Routines from (3STDC) provide the traditional UNIX level 3 IO service. These routines assume the existence of a subset of the UNIX IO level 2 interface. All (2POSIX), (3POSIX) and (3STDC) routines that have a definition in POSIX.1c, POSIX.1b, or ANSI-C, conform to that definition, in this decreasing order of priority. In particular, almost all routines are reentrant. Those routines that are not reentrent are signaled in the corresponding manual page, and the POSIX.1c reentrent replacement is provided. See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes: Name _assert(3stdc) _ldexp(3stdc) _stdc_assert(3stdc) abort(3stdc) abs(3stdc) alphasort(3stdc) asctime(3stdc) Description See assert(3stdc) See ldexp(3stdc) See assert(3stdc) cause abnormal program termination integer absolute value function See scandir(3stdc) See ctime(3stdc) Last modified December 1999 ChorusOS

50 Intro(3STDC) Standard C Library Functions asctime_r(3stdc) assert(3stdc) atexit(3stdc) atof(3stdc) atoi(3stdc) atol(3stdc) bcmp(3stdc) bcopy(3stdc) bsearch(3stdc) bstring(3stdc) byteorder(3stdc) bzero(3stdc) calloc(3stdc) clearerr(3stdc) ctime(3stdc) ctime_r(3stdc) ctype(3stdc) difftime(3stdc) div(3stdc) errno(3stdc) exit(3stdc) fabs(3stdc) fclose(3stdc) fdopen(3stdc) feof(3stdc) ferror(3stdc) fflush(3stdc) See ctime_r(3stdc) expression verification macro add program termination routines See strtod(3stdc) See strtol(3stdc) See strtol(3stdc) See bstring(3stdc) See bstring(3stdc) perform a binary search on a sorted table bit and byte string operations convert values between host and network byte order See bstring(3stdc) See malloc(3stdc) See ferror(3stdc) transform binary date and time value to ASCII Transform binary date and time value to ASCII; Reentrent version classify characters See ctime(3stdc) return quotient and remainder from division See perror(3stdc) terminate an actor floating-point absolute value function close or flush a stream See fopen(3stdc) See ferror(3stdc) stream status inquiries See fclose(3stdc) 50 ChorusOS 4.0 Last modified December 1999

51 Standard C Library Functions Intro(3STDC) ffs(3stdc) fgetc(3stdc) fgetpos(3stdc) fgets(3stdc) fileno(3stdc) flockfile(3stdc) fopen(3stdc) fprintf(3stdc) fputc(3stdc) fputs(3stdc) fread(3stdc) free(3stdc) freopen(3stdc) fscanf(3stdc) fseek(3stdc) fsetpos(3stdc) ftell(3stdc) ftrylockfile(3stdc) funlockfile(3stdc) fwrite(3stdc) getc(3stdc) See bstring(3stdc) See getc(3stdc) See fseek(3stdc) See gets(3stdc) See ferror(3stdc) stream lock management open a stream print formatted output See putc(3stdc) See puts(3stdc) binary input/output See malloc(3stdc) See fopen(3stdc) convert formatted input reposition a file pointer in a stream See fseek(3stdc) See fseek(3stdc) See flockfile(3stdc) See flockfile(3stdc) See fread(3stdc) get character from a stream getc_unlocked(3stdc) getchar(3stdc) See unlocked(3stdc) get character from the standard input channel See unlocked(3stdc) getchar_unlocked(3stdc) getenv(3stdc) gethostbyaddr(3stdc) fetch and set environment variables get network host entry gethostbyname(3stdc) See gethostbyaddr(3stdc) Last modified December 1999 ChorusOS

52 Intro(3STDC) Standard C Library Functions getopt(3stdc) gets(3stdc) getsitebyaddr(3stdc) getsitebyname(3stdc) getsubopt(3stdc) getw(3stdc) gmtime(3stdc) gmtime_r(3stdc) htonl(3stdc) htons(3stdc) index(3stdc) inet(3stdc) inet_addr(3stdc) inet_aton(3stdc) inet_lnaof(3stdc) inet_makeaddr(3stdc) inet_netof(3stdc) inet_network(3stdc) inet_ntoa(3stdc) initstate(3stdc) isalnum(3stdc) isalpha(3stdc) isascii(3stdc) isatty(3stdc) iscntrl(3stdc) isdigit(3stdc) isgraph(3stdc) get an option letter from command line argument list get a string from a stream See getsitebyname(3stdc) get ChorusOS site information get sub options from an argument See getc(3stdc) See ctime(3stdc) See ctime_r(3stdc) See byteorder(3stdc) See byteorder(3stdc) locate character in string Internet address manipulation routines See inet(3stdc) See inet(3stdc) See inet(3stdc) See inet(3stdc) See inet(3stdc) See inet(3stdc) See inet(3stdc) See random(3stdc) See ctype(3stdc) See ctype(3stdc) test for ASCII character check if a file descriptor is associated with a terminal See ctype(3stdc) See ctype(3stdc) See ctype(3stdc) 52 ChorusOS 4.0 Last modified December 1999

53 Standard C Library Functions Intro(3STDC) isinf(3stdc) islower(3stdc) isnan(3stdc) isprint(3stdc) ispunct(3stdc) isspace(3stdc) isupper(3stdc) isxdigit(3stdc) labs(3stdc) ldexp(3stdc) ldiv(3stdc) localtime(3stdc) localtime_r(3stdc) longjmp(3stdc) malloc(3stdc) memccpy(3stdc) memchr(3stdc) memcmp(3stdc) memcpy(3stdc) memmove(3stdc) memory(3stdc) memset(3stdc) mkstemp(3stdc) mktemp(3stdc) mktime(3stdc) modf(3stdc) ntohl(3stdc) test for infinity or not-a-number See ctype(3stdc) See isinf(3stdc) See ctype(3stdc) See ctype(3stdc) See ctype(3stdc) See ctype(3stdc) See ctype(3stdc) return the absolute value of a long integer multiply floating-point number by integral power of 2 return quotient and remainder from division See ctime(3stdc) See ctime_r(3stdc) See setjmp(3stdc) main memory allocator See memory(3stdc) See memory(3stdc) See memory(3stdc) See memory(3stdc) See memory(3stdc) memory operations See memory(3stdc) See mktemp(3stdc) make temporary file name (unique) See ctime(3stdc) extract signed integral and fractional values from floating-point number See byteorder(3stdc) Last modified December 1999 ChorusOS

54 Intro(3STDC) Standard C Library Functions ntohs(3stdc) perror(3stdc) printerr(3stdc) printf(3stdc) putc(3stdc) putc_unlocked(3stdc) putchar(3stdc) See byteorder(3stdc) system error messages See printf(3stdc) print formatted output put character or word on a stream See unlocked(3stdc) put a character or word on the standard output channel See unlocked(3stdc) putchar_unlocked(3stdc) putenv(3stdc) puts(3stdc) putw(3stdc) qsort(3stdc) rand(3stdc) rand_r(3stdc) random(3stdc) realloc(3stdc) regcomp(3stdc) regerror(3stdc) regex(3stdc) regexec(3stdc) regfree(3stdc) remove(3stdc) rewind(3stdc) rindex(3stdc) scandir(3stdc) scanf(3stdc) setbuf(3stdc) See getenv(3stdc) put a string on a stream See putc(3stdc) quicker sort pseudo random number generator thread-wise random number generator better random number generator See malloc(3stdc) See regex(3stdc) See regex(3stdc) regular-expression library See regex(3stdc) See regex(3stdc) remove directory entry See fseek(3stdc) See index(3stdc) scan a directory convert formatted input assign buffering to a stream 54 ChorusOS 4.0 Last modified December 1999

55 Standard C Library Functions Intro(3STDC) setenv(3stdc) setjmp(3stdc) setstate(3stdc) setvbuf(3stdc) snprintf(3stdc) sprintf(3stdc) srand(3stdc) srandom(3stdc) sscanf(3stdc) stdarg(3stdc) strcasecmp(3stdc) strcat(3stdc) strchr(3stdc) strcmp(3stdc) strcoll(3stdc) strcpy(3stdc) strcspn(3stdc) strdup(3stdc) strerror(3stdc) strftime(3stdc) string(3stdc) strlen(3stdc) strncasecmp(3stdc) strncat(3stdc) strncmp(3stdc) strncpy(3stdc) strpbrk(3stdc) strrchr(3stdc) strsep(3stdc) See getenv(3stdc) non-local goto See random(3stdc) See setbuf(3stdc) See printf(3stdc) See printf(3stdc) See rand(3stdc) See random(3stdc) See scanf(3stdc) variable argument lists See string(3stdc) See string(3stdc) See string(3stdc) See string(3stdc) See string(3stdc) See string(3stdc) See string(3stdc) See string(3stdc) system error messages format date and time string operations See string(3stdc) See string(3stdc) See string(3stdc) See string(3stdc) See string(3stdc) See string(3stdc) See string(3stdc) separate strings Last modified December 1999 ChorusOS

56 Intro(3STDC) Standard C Library Functions strspn(3stdc) strstr(3stdc) strtod(3stdc) strtok(3stdc) strtok_r(3stdc) strtol(3stdc) strtoul(3stdc) strxfrm(3stdc) swab(3stdc) sys_errlist(3stdc) sys_nerr(3stdc) tempnam(3stdc) thread_once(3stdc) time(3stdc) tmpfile(3stdc) tmpnam(3stdc) toascii(3stdc) tolower(3stdc) toupper(3stdc) tzset(3stdc) ungetc(3stdc) unlocked(3stdc) unsetenv(3stdc) vfprintf(3stdc) vprintf(3stdc) vsnprintf(3stdc) vsprintf(3stdc) See string(3stdc) See string(3stdc) convert an ASCII string to a floating-point number string tokens string tokens reentrant convert string to integer convert a string to an unsigned long or uquad_t integer transform a string under locale swap adjacent bytes See perror(3stdc) See perror(3stdc) See tmpnam(3stdc) execute an init routine once get time create a temporary file create a name for a temporary file convert a byte to 7-bit ASCII See ctype(3stdc) See ctype(3stdc) set time conversion information push character back into input stream explicit locking functions See getenv(3stdc) print formatted output print formatted output See vprintf(3stdc) See vprintf(3stdc) 56 ChorusOS 4.0 Last modified December 1999

57 Standard C Library Functions abort(3stdc) DESCRIPTION RETURN VALUES ATTRIBUTES abort cause abnormal program termination #include <stdlib.h> void abort(void); The abort function causes abnormal program termination to occur. No open streams are closed or flushed. In environments where signals are supported, the signal SIGABRT is first produced. The above processing takes place if and when the signal handler returns, or if the signal is ignored (default setting of this signal). The abort function never returns. See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes: SEE ALSO NOTES STANDARDS exit(3stdc) Nothing prevents concurrent invocations of abort. It is up to the application to deal with the possible consequences of this type of situation. The abort function conforms to ANSI-C. Last modified December 1999 ChorusOS

58 abs(3stdc) Standard C Library Functions abs integer absolute value function #include <stdlib.h> int abs(int j); DESCRIPTION The abs function computes the absolute value of the integer j. RETURN VALUES The abs function returns the absolute value. ATTRIBUTES See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes: SEE ALSO STANDARDS RESTRICTIONS labs(3stdc) The abs function conforms to ANSI-C. The absolute value of the highest negative integer remains negative. 58 ChorusOS 4.0 Last modified December 1999

59 Standard C Library Functions alphasort(3stdc) DESCRIPTION DIAGNOSTICS ATTRIBUTES scandir, alphasort scan a directory #include <sys/types.h> #include <dirent.h> int scandir(const char * dirname, struct dirent *** namelist, int (* select)(struct dirent *), int (* compare)(const void *, const void *)); int alphasort(const void * d1, const char * d2); The scandir function reads the directory dirname and builds an array of pointers to directory entries using malloc (3STDC). It returns the number of entries in the array. A pointer to the array of directory entries is stored in the location referenced by namelist. The select parameter is a pointer to a user supplied subroutine which is called by scandir to select which entries are to be included in the array. The select routine is passed a pointer to a directory entry and should return a non-zero value if the directory entry is to be included in the array. If select is null, then all the directory entries will be included. The compare parameter is a pointer to a user supplied subroutine which is passed to qsort (3STDC) to sort the completed array. If this pointer is null, the array is not sorted. The alphasort function is a routine which can be used for the compare parameter to sort the array alphabetically. The memory allocated for the array can be deallocated with free (3STDC), by freeing each pointer in the array and then the array itself. Returns -1 if the directory cannot be opened for reading or if malloc (3STDC) cannot allocate enough memory to hold all the data structures. See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes: SEE ALSO HISTORY directory(3posix), malloc(3stdc), qsort(3stdc) The scandir and alphasort functions appeared in 4.2BSD. Last modified December 1999 ChorusOS

60 asctime(3stdc) Standard C Library Functions ctime, asctime, difftime, gmtime, localtime, mktime transform binary date and time value to ASCII #include <time.h> struct tm * localtime(const time_t * clock); struct tm * gmtime(const time_t * clock); char *ctime(const time_t * clock); char *asctime(const struct tm * tm); time_t mktime(struct tm * tm); double difftime(time_t time1, time_t time0); DESCRIPTION The ctime, gmtime and localtime functions take as an argument a time value representing the time in seconds since the Epoch (00:00:00 UTC, January 1, 1970). The localtime function converts the time value pointed to by clock, and returns a pointer to a struct tm (described below) which contains the broken-out time information for the value, after adjusting for the current time zone (and any other factors such as Daylight Saving Time). Time zone adjustments are performed as specified by the TZ environment variable (see tzset (3STDC). The function localtime uses tzset (3STDC) to initialize time conversion information if tzset (3STDC) has not already been called by the process. The gmtime function also converts the time value, but without any time zone adjustment, and returns a pointer to a tm structure (described below). The ctime function adjusts the time value for the current time zone in the same manner as localtime, and returns a pointer to a 26-character string of the form: Thu Nov 24 18:22: The asctime function converts the broken down time in the structure tm pointed to by *tm to the form shown in the example above. The mktime function converts the broken-down time, expressed as local time, in the structure pointed to by tm into a time value with the same encoding as that of the values returned by the time (3STDC) function; that is, seconds from the Epoch, UTC. The original values of the tm_wday and tm_yday components of the structure are ignored, and the original values of the other components are not restricted to their normal ranges. (A positive or zero value for tm_isdst causes mktime to presume initially that summer time (for example, Daylight Saving Time) is or is not in effect for the time specified, respectively. A negative value for tm_isdst causes the mktime function to attempt to define whether summer time is in effect for the time specified.) 60 ChorusOS 4.0 Last modified December 1999

61 Standard C Library Functions asctime(3stdc) On successful completion, the values of the tm_wday and tm_yday components of the structure are set appropriately, and the other components are set to represent the calendar time specified, but with their values forced to their normal ranges; the final value of tm_mday is not set until tm_mon and tm_year are determined. The mktime function returns the calendar time specified; if the calendar time cannot be represented, it returns 1; The difftime function returns the difference between two calendar times, (time1 time0), expressed in seconds. External declarations as well as the tm structure definition are in the time.h include file. The tm structure includes at least the following fields: int tm_sec; /* seconds (0-60) */ int tm_min; /* minutes (0-59) */ int tm_hour; /* hours (0-23) */ int tm_mday; /* day of month (1-31) */ int tm_mon; /* month of year (0-11) */ int tm_year; /* year 1900 */ int tm_wday; /* day of week (Sunday = 0) */ int tm_yday; /* day of year (0-365) */ int tm_isdst; /* is summer time in effect? */ char *tm_zone; /* abbreviation of timezone name */ long tm_gmtoff; /* offset from UTC in seconds */ The field tm_isdst is non-zero if summer time is in effect. NOTES ATTRIBUTES The field tm_gmtoff is the offset (in seconds) of the time represented from UTC, with positive values indicating east of the Prime Meridian. asctime(3stdc), ctime(3stdc), localtime(3stdc) and gmtime(3stdc) return their result in a global variable which make them difficult to use in a multithreaded program. asctime_r(3stdc), ctime_r(3stdc), localtime_r(3stdc) and gmtime_r(3stdc) should be used instead. See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes: SEE ALSO asctime_r(3stdc), ctime_r(3stdc), getenv(3stdc), gmtime_r(3stdc), localtime_r(3stdc), time(3stdc), tzset(3stdc) Last modified December 1999 ChorusOS