Stacks, Queues (cont d)
|
|
- Clifford Lindsey
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Stacks, Queues (cont d) CSE 2011 Winter 2007 February 1, The Adapter Pattern Using methods of one class to implement methods of another class Example: using List to implement Stack and Queue 2 1
2 List Interface public interface List<AnyType> extends Collection<AnyType> { AnyType get( int idx ); AnyType set( int idx, AnyType newval ); void add( int idx, AnyType x ); void remove( int idx ); ListIterator<AnyType> listiterator( int pos ); int size() boolean isempty(); } 3 Implementing Stacks and Queues push (object) object pop() object top() int size() boolean isempty() enqueue(object) object dequeue() object front() int size() boolean isempty() 4 2
3 Pros and Cons Advantages Fast coding Simple code Disadvantages: may not be efficient Method calls We may not know the underlying data structure and implementation of List. 5 Applications of Stacks Balancing symbols Matching ( with ), { with }, [ with ], etc. Evaluating arithmetic expressions Converting infix expressions to postfix Evaluating postfix expressions Method/function calls 6 3
4 Balancing Symbols create a stack s; while (not end-of-file) { read c; if c is an opening symbol s.push(c); if c is a closing symbol if stack is empty report error; else { a = s.pop(); if a does not match c report error; } } if stack is not empty report error; 7 Postfix Expressions Computers evaluate arithmetic expressions using postfix expressions. Also called reverse Polish notation. Examples: a + b * c + ( d * e + f ) * g a b c 8 4
5 Evaluating Postfix Expressions Read in string, one item at a time. If the item is an operand, push on the stack. If the item is an operator, pop the stack twice and apply the operation to the popped values. Push the result on the stack. Continue until the string is completed and one value (the answer) remains on the stack. 9 Infix to Postfix Conversion Infix precedence: Parenthesis () Exponentiation ^ (Left to Right) Multiplication *, Division / (Left to Right) Addition +, Subtraction (Left to Right) To remember Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally 10 5
6 Infix to Postfix Conversion Assume the infix string is valid. Read in the infix string, one item at a time. If the item e is an operand, add to the postfix string output. If e is (, push it onto the stack. If e is ), pop the operators on the stack to the output until seeing a (, at which point pop ( and throw it away. If e is an operator and s is empty, push e onto stack s. 11 Infix to Postfix Conversion (cont d) A: if e is an operator and s is not empty, if e > top() then push e onto the stack if e = top() then pop the top to the output and push e onto the stack if e < top() then pop the top to the output and go to A. Note: NEVER pop ( though, until a matching ) When the infix string is empty, pop all the elements of the stack onto the postfix string to get the final result. 12 6
7 Method/Function Calls void main() { f(); } Be careful with recursive methods (expensive, or worse, infinite)! void f() { g(); h(); } void g() {} void h() {} 13 Method/Function Calls: Example top main() top f() main() top g() f() main() top h() f() main() 14 7
8 Extendable Arrays 15 Increment Strategies java.util.vector is similar to our List ADT It also uses extendable arrays capacityincrement determines how the array grows: capacityincrement = 0: capacityincrement = c > 0: array size doubles array adds c new cells A constructor: Vector (int initialcapacity, int capacityincrement) constructs an empty vector with the specified initial capacity and capacity increment. 16 8
9 Doubling the Capacity When add() is called and an overflow occurs (n = N): Allocate a new array T of capacity 2N Copy contents of the original array V into the first half of the new array T Set V = T Perform the insertion using new array V Note: when the number of elements in the list goes below a threshold (e.g., N/4), shrink the array by half the current size N of the array. 17 Time Analysis Push : inserting an element to be the last element of a list (or top of a stack) add(e) { Step 1: if overflow then extend the array; Step 2: push e to new array; } Proposition 1: Let S be a list implemented by means of an extendable array V as described before. The total time to perform a series of n push operations in S, starting from S being empty and V having size N = 1, is O(n). 18 9
10 Time Analysis (cont d) Step 2 takes O(n) (each push takes O(1)) Step 1: Allocate a new array T of capacity 2N Copy V[i] to T[i] for i = 0, 1,, N 1 Set V = T If the array is extended k times, then n = 2 k The total number of copies is: k 1 = 2 k 1 = n 1 = O(n) Step 1 + Step 2 = O(n) 19 Adding c Cells Proposition 2: If we create an initially empty java.util.vector object with a fixed positive capacityincrement value, then performing a series of n push operations on this vector takes Ω(n 2 ) time. Ω(n 2 ) means takes at least time n
11 Adding c Cells (cont d) Step 2 takes O(n) Step 1: Let a be the initial size of array V Let capacityincrement = c If the array is extended k times then n = a + ck The total number of copies is: (a) + (a+c) + (a+2c) + + (a+(k 1)c) = ak + c(1+2+ +(k 1)) = ak + ck(k 1)/2 = θ(k 2 ) = θ(n 2 ) We infer Ω(n 2 ) from θ(n 2 ) Which is the better increment strategy? 21 Sorting (again) 22 11
12 Quick Sort with Duplicate Elements Want to have A[p] pivot, for p < i A[p] pivot, for p > j pivot pivot When i < j i j Move i right, skipping over elements smaller than the pivot Move j left, skipping over elements greater than the pivot When both i and j have stopped A[i] pivot A[j] pivot A[i] and A[j] should now be swapped i j i j 23 Partitioning Strategy (cont d) When i and j have stopped and i is to the left of j (thus legal) Swap A[i] and A[j] The large element is pushed to the right and the small element is pushed to the left After swapping A[i] pivot A[j] pivot Repeat the process until i and j cross swap i j i j 24 12
13 Partitioning Strategy (cont d) When i and j have crossed swap A[i] and pivot Result: A[p] pivot, for p < i A[p] pivot, for p > i i Swap! i j j Break! j i 25 Partitioning Case 1: A[p] pivot, for p < i A[p] > pivot, for p > j Values same as pivot wind up in the 2 nd partition. Case 2: A[p] < pivot, for p < i A[p] pivot, for p > j Values same as pivot wind up in the 1 st partition. Case 3: A[p] pivot, for p < i A[p] pivot, for p > j Assume all values are same as pivot. All will be swapped. Inefficient??? Case 4: A[p] < pivot, for p < i A[p] > pivot, for p > j Both i and j run to their respective other ends. What happens next? 26 13
14 When to use which sorting algorithm? Large arrays: merge sort, quick sort. Small arrays: insertion sort, selection sort. Recursion is not cheap. Merge sort or quick sort? Cost of comparing elements Cost of moving/switching elements 27 Merge Sort or Quick Sort? Merge sort Lowest number of comparisons among popular algorithms Lots of data movements/copying (merging) Java Generic sort uses Comparator comparison is expensive. Moving is cheap (uses pointers rather than copies of objects). Quick sort More comparisons Fewer data movements C++ Copying large objects is expensive. Comparison is cheap (compiler does inline optimization). Java Used for primitive types (inexpensive comparisons) 28 14
15 What s left? Lower bound for sorting Iterators Will be discussed at the same as Trees
January 24, Abstract Data Types (ADTs) An ADT is an abstraction of a data structure.
Lists CSE 2011 Winter 2007 January 24, 2007 1 Abstract Data Types (ADTs) An ADT is an abstraction of a data structure. An ADT specifies: data stored operations on the data error conditions associated with
More informationStacks. stacks of dishes or trays in a cafeteria. Last In First Out discipline (LIFO)
Outline stacks stack ADT method signatures array stack implementation linked stack implementation stack applications infix, prefix, and postfix expressions 1 Stacks stacks of dishes or trays in a cafeteria
More informationSTACKS. A stack is defined in terms of its behavior. The common operations associated with a stack are as follows:
STACKS A stack is a linear data structure for collection of items, with the restriction that items can be added one at a time and can only be removed in the reverse order in which they were added. The
More informationSome Applications of Stack. Spring Semester 2007 Programming and Data Structure 1
Some Applications of Stack Spring Semester 2007 Programming and Data Structure 1 Arithmetic Expressions Polish Notation Spring Semester 2007 Programming and Data Structure 2 What is Polish Notation? Conventionally,
More informationMarch 13/2003 Jayakanth Srinivasan,
Statement Effort MergeSort(A, lower_bound, upper_bound) begin T(n) if (lower_bound < upper_bound) Θ(1) mid = (lower_bound + upper_bound)/ 2 Θ(1) MergeSort(A, lower_bound, mid) T(n/2) MergeSort(A, mid+1,
More informationStacks. Chapter 5. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
Stacks Chapter 5 Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Contents Specifications of the ADT Stack Using a Stack to Process Algebraic Expressions A Problem Solved: Checking for Balanced
More informationStack and Its Implementation
Stack and Its Implementation Tessema M. Mengistu Department of Computer Science Southern Illinois University Carbondale tessema.mengistu@siu.edu Room - 3131 1 Definition of Stack Usage of Stack Outline
More informationStacks. Chapter 5. Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
Stacks Chapter 5 Contents Specifications of the ADT Stack Using a Stack to Process Algebraic Expressions A Problem Solved: Checking for Balanced Delimiters in an Infix Algebraic Expression A Problem Solved:
More informationStack ADT. ! push(x) puts the element x on top of the stack! pop removes the topmost element from the stack.
STACK Stack ADT 2 A stack is an abstract data type based on the list data model All operations are performed at one end of the list called the top of the stack (TOS) LIFO (for last-in first-out) list is
More informationSTACKS AND QUEUES. Problem Solving with Computers-II
STACKS AND QUEUES Problem Solving with Computers-II 2 Stacks container class available in the C++ STL Container class that uses the Last In First Out (LIFO) principle Methods i. push() ii. iii. iv. pop()
More informationIntroduction. Problem Solving on Computer. Data Structures (collection of data and relationships) Algorithms
Introduction Problem Solving on Computer Data Structures (collection of data and relationships) Algorithms 1 Objective of Data Structures Two Goals: 1) Identify and develop useful high-level data types
More informationTypes of Data Structures
DATA STRUCTURES material prepared by: MUKESH BOHRA Follow me on FB : http://www.facebook.com/mukesh.sirji4u The logical or mathematical model of data is called a data structure. In other words, a data
More informationData Structure using C++ Lecture 04. Data Structures and algorithm analysis in C++ Chapter , 3.2, 3.2.1
Data Structure using C++ Lecture 04 Reading Material Data Structures and algorithm analysis in C++ Chapter. 3 3.1, 3.2, 3.2.1 Summary Stack Operations on a stack Representing stacks Converting an expression
More informationCISC-235. At this point we fnally turned our atention to a data structure: the stack
CISC-235 20180918 At this point we fnally turned our atention to a data structure: the stack A stack is our frst example of an Abstract Data Type: we specify the operations we need to be able to perform
More informationStacks Fall 2018 Margaret Reid-Miller
Stacks 15-121 Fall 2018 Margaret Reid-Miller Today Exam 2 is next Tuesday, October 30 Today: Quiz 5 solutions Recursive add from last week (see SinglyLinkedListR.java) Stacks ADT (Queues on Thursday) ArrayStack
More informationEC8393FUNDAMENTALS OF DATA STRUCTURES IN C Unit 3
UNIT 3 LINEAR DATA STRUCTURES 1. Define Data Structures Data Structures is defined as the way of organizing all data items that consider not only the elements stored but also stores the relationship between
More informationLecture Data Structure Stack
Lecture Data Structure Stack 1.A stack :-is an abstract Data Type (ADT), commonly used in most programming languages. It is named stack as it behaves like a real-world stack, for example a deck of cards
More informationCSE 214 Computer Science II Stack
CSE 214 Computer Science II Stack Spring 2018 Stony Brook University Instructor: Shebuti Rayana shebuti.rayana@stonybrook.edu http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~cse214/sec02/ Random and Sequential Access Random
More informationLinear Data Structure
Linear Data Structure Definition A data structure is said to be linear if its elements form a sequence or a linear list. Examples: Array Linked List Stacks Queues Operations on linear Data Structures Traversal
More informationLists, Stacks, and Queues. (Lists, Stacks, and Queues ) Data Structures and Programming Spring / 50
Lists, Stacks, and Queues (Lists, Stacks, and Queues ) Data Structures and Programming Spring 2016 1 / 50 Abstract Data Types (ADT) Data type a set of objects + a set of operations Example: integer set
More informationADVANCED DATA STRUCTURES USING C++ ( MT-CSE-110 )
ADVANCED DATA STRUCTURES USING C++ ( MT-CSE-110 ) Unit - 2 By: Gurpreet Singh Dean Academics & H.O.D. (C.S.E. / I.T.) Yamuna Institute of Engineering & Technology, Gadholi What is a Stack? A stack is a
More informationTop of the Stack. Stack ADT
Module 3: Stack ADT Dr. Natarajan Meghanathan Professor of Computer Science Jackson State University Jackson, MS 39217 E-mail: natarajan.meghanathan@jsums.edu Stack ADT Features (Logical View) A List that
More informationCS W3134: Data Structures in Java
CS W3134: Data Structures in Java Lecture #10: Stacks, queues, linked lists 10/7/04 Janak J Parekh HW#2 questions? Administrivia Finish queues Stack/queue example Agenda 1 Circular queue: miscellany Having
More informationinfix expressions (review)
Outline infix, prefix, and postfix expressions queues queue interface queue applications queue implementation: array queue queue implementation: linked queue application of queues and stacks: data structure
More informationThe Stack and Queue Types
The Stack and Queue Types Hartmut Kaiser hkaiser@cct.lsu.edu http://www.cct.lsu.edu/ hkaiser/fall_2012/csc1254.html 2 Programming Principle of the Day Do the simplest thing that could possibly work A good
More informationPostfix (and prefix) notation
Postfix (and prefix) notation Also called reverse Polish reversed form of notation devised by mathematician named Jan Łukasiewicz (so really lü-kä-sha-vech notation) Infix notation is: operand operator
More information-The Hacker's Dictionary. Friedrich L. Bauer German computer scientist who proposed "stack method of expression evaluation" in 1955.
Topic 15 Implementing and Using "stack n. The set of things a person has to do in the future. "I haven't done it yet because every time I pop my stack something new gets pushed." If you are interrupted
More informationStack Abstract Data Type
Stacks Chapter 5 Chapter Objectives To learn about the stack data type and how to use its four methods: push, pop, peek, and empty To understand how Java implements a stack To learn how to implement a
More informationLab 7 1 Due Thu., 6 Apr. 2017
Lab 7 1 Due Thu., 6 Apr. 2017 CMPSC 112 Introduction to Computer Science II (Spring 2017) Prof. John Wenskovitch http://cs.allegheny.edu/~jwenskovitch/teaching/cmpsc112 Lab 7 - Using Stacks to Create a
More informationADT Stack. Inserting and deleting elements occurs at the top of Stack S. top. bottom. Stack S
Stacks Stacks & Queues A linear sequence, or list, is an ordered collection of elements: S = (s 1, s 2,..., s n ) Stacks and queues are finite linear sequences. A Stack is a LIFO (Last In First Out) list.
More informationINSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500 043 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING TUTORIAL QUESTION BANK Course Name Course Code Class Branch DATA STRUCTURES ACS002 B. Tech
More informationFORTH SEMESTER DIPLOMA EXAMINATION IN ENGINEERING/ TECHNOLIGY- MARCH, 2012 DATA STRUCTURE (Common to CT and IF) [Time: 3 hours
TED (10)-3071 Reg. No.. (REVISION-2010) (Maximum marks: 100) Signature. FORTH SEMESTER DIPLOMA EXAMINATION IN ENGINEERING/ TECHNOLIGY- MARCH, 2012 DATA STRUCTURE (Common to CT and IF) [Time: 3 hours PART
More informationData Structure using C++ Lecture 04. Data Structures and algorithm analysis in C++ Chapter , 3.2, 3.2.1
Data Structure using C++ Lecture 04 Reading Material Data Structures and algorithm analysis in C++ Chapter. 3 3.1, 3.2, 3.2.1 Summary Infix to Postfix Example 1: Infix to Postfix Example 2: Postfix Evaluation
More informationList, Stack, and Queues
List, Stack, and Queues R. J. Renka Department of Computer Science & Engineering University of North Texas 02/24/2010 3.1 Abstract Data Type An Abstract Data Type (ADT) is a set of objects with a set of
More informationInsertions and removals follow the Fist-In First-Out rule: Insertions: at the rear of the queue Removals: at the front of the queue
Queues CSE 2011 Fall 2009 9/28/2009 7:56 AM 1 Queues: FIFO Insertions and removals follow the Fist-In First-Out rule: Insertions: at the rear of the queue Removals: at the front of the queue Applications,
More informationContainers: Stack. Jordi Cortadella and Jordi Petit Department of Computer Science
Containers: Stack Jordi Cortadella and Jordi Petit Department of Computer Science The Stack ADT A stack is a list of objects in which insertions and deletions can only be performed at the top of the list.
More informationCSE 230 Intermediate Programming in C and C++
CSE 230 Intermediate Programming in C and C++ Structures and List Processing Fall 2017 Stony Brook University Instructor: Shebuti Rayana http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~cse230/ Self-referential Structure
More informationCS 206 Introduction to Computer Science II
CS 206 Introduction to Computer Science II 03 / 31 / 2017 Instructor: Michael Eckmann Today s Topics Questions? Comments? finish RadixSort implementation some applications of stack Priority Queues Michael
More informationCpt S 122 Data Structures. Course Review Midterm Exam # 1
Cpt S 122 Data Structures Course Review Midterm Exam # 1 Nirmalya Roy School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University Midterm Exam 1 When: Friday (09/28) 12:10-1pm Where:
More informationFORTH SEMESTER DIPLOMA EXAMINATION IN ENGINEERING/ TECHNOLIGY- OCTOBER, 2012 DATA STRUCTURE
TED (10)-3071 Reg. No.. (REVISION-2010) Signature. FORTH SEMESTER DIPLOMA EXAMINATION IN ENGINEERING/ TECHNOLIGY- OCTOBER, 2012 DATA STRUCTURE (Common to CT and IF) [Time: 3 hours (Maximum marks: 100)
More informationThe Stack ADT. Stacks. The Stack ADT. The Stack ADT. Set of objects in which the location an item is inserted and deleted is prespecified.
The Stack ADT Stacks Set of objects in which the location an item is inserted and deleted is prespecified Stacks! Insert in order! Delete most recent item inserted! LIFO - last in, first out Stacks 2 The
More informationPA3 Design Specification
PA3 Teaching Data Structure 1. System Description The Data Structure Web application is written in JavaScript and HTML5. It has been divided into 9 pages: Singly linked page, Stack page, Postfix expression
More informationR10 SET - 1. Code No: R II B. Tech I Semester, Supplementary Examinations, May
www.jwjobs.net R10 SET - 1 II B. Tech I Semester, Supplementary Examinations, May - 2012 (Com. to CSE, IT, ECC ) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75 *******-****** 1. a) Which of the given options provides the
More informationContainers: Stack. The Stack ADT. The Stack ADT. The Stack ADT
Containers: Stack The Stack ADT A stack is a list of objects in which insertions and deletions can only be performed at the top of the list. Also known as LIFO Last In, First Out) push insert an element
More informationStacks. Revised based on textbook author s notes.
Stacks Revised based on textbook author s notes. Stacks A restricted access container that stores a linear collection. Very common for solving problems in computer science. Provides a last-in first-out
More informationCISC
CISC-235 20180115+17+19 Much of the material we covered this week was already posted in the notes for last week. These notes take up where those left off, and fill in some gaps. We have discussed the notation
More informationData Structures Week #3. Stacks
Data Structures Week #3 Stacks Outline Stacks Operations on Stacks Array Implementation of Stacks Linked List Implementation of Stacks Stack Applications October 5, 2015 Borahan Tümer, Ph.D. 2 Stacks (Yığınlar)
More informationAbstract Data Types 1
Abstract Data Types 1 Purpose Abstract Data Types (ADTs) Lists Stacks Queues 2 Abstract Data Types (ADTs) ADT is a set of objects together with a set of operations. Abstract in that implementation of operations
More informationCS 112 Introduction to Computing II. Wayne Snyder Computer Science Department Boston University
CS 11 Introduction to Computing II Wayne Snyder Department Boston University Today Object-Oriented Programming Concluded Stacks, Queues, and Priority Queues as Abstract Data Types Reference types: Basic
More informationLIFO : Last In First Out
Introduction Stack is an ordered list in which all insertions and deletions are made at one end, called the top. Stack is a data structure that is particularly useful in applications involving reversing.
More informationComplexity, General. Standard approach: count the number of primitive operations executed.
Complexity, General Allmänt Find a function T(n), which behaves as the time it takes to execute the program for input of size n. Standard approach: count the number of primitive operations executed. Standard
More informationArray Lists Outline and Required Reading: Array Lists ( 7.1) CSE 2011, Winter 2017, Section Z Instructor: N. Vlajic
rray Lists Outline and Required Reading: rray Lists ( 7.) CSE 20, Winter 207, Section Z Instructor: N. Vlajic Lists in Everyday Life 2 List convenient way to organize data examples: score list, to-do list,
More informationStacks and Queues. CSE Data Structures April 12, 2002
Stacks and Queues CSE 373 - Data Structures April 12, 2002 Readings and References Reading Section 3.3 and 3.4, Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C, Weiss Other References 12-Apr-02 CSE 373 - Data
More informationStack Applications. Lecture 27 Sections Robb T. Koether. Hampden-Sydney College. Wed, Mar 29, 2017
Stack Applications Lecture 27 Sections 18.7-18.8 Robb T. Koether Hampden-Sydney College Wed, Mar 29, 2017 Robb T. Koether Hampden-Sydney College) Stack Applications Wed, Mar 29, 2017 1 / 27 1 Function
More informationSolution: The examples of stack application are reverse a string, post fix evaluation, infix to postfix conversion.
1. What is the full form of LIFO? The full form of LIFO is Last In First Out. 2. Give some examples for stack application. The examples of stack application are reverse a string, post fix evaluation, infix
More informationIS 709/809: Computational Methods in IS Research. Algorithm Analysis (Sorting)
IS 709/809: Computational Methods in IS Research Algorithm Analysis (Sorting) Nirmalya Roy Department of Information Systems University of Maryland Baltimore County www.umbc.edu Sorting Problem Given an
More informationAbstract Data Types. CptS 223 Advanced Data Structures. Larry Holder School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University
Abstract Data Types CptS 223 Advanced Data Structures Larry Holder School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University 1 Purpose Abstract Data Types (ADTs) Lists Stacks Queues
More informationTop of the Stack. Stack ADT
Module 3: Stack ADT Dr. Natarajan Meghanathan Professor of Computer Science Jackson State University Jackson, MS 39217 E-mail: natarajan.meghanathan@jsums.edu Stack ADT Features (Logical View) A List that
More informationLecture No.04. Data Structures
Lecture No.04 Data Structures Josephus Problem #include "CList.cpp" void main(int argc, char *argv[]) { CList list; int i, N=10, M=3; for(i=1; i
More informationAn Introduction to Trees
An Introduction to Trees Alice E. Fischer Spring 2017 Alice E. Fischer An Introduction to Trees... 1/34 Spring 2017 1 / 34 Outline 1 Trees the Abstraction Definitions 2 Expression Trees 3 Binary Search
More informationBasic Data Structures
Basic Data Structures Some Java Preliminaries Generics (aka parametrized types) is a Java mechanism that enables the implementation of collection ADTs that can store any type of data Stack s1
More informationCpt S 122 Data Structures. Sorting
Cpt S 122 Data Structures Sorting Nirmalya Roy School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University Sorting Process of re-arranging data in ascending or descending order Given
More informationDATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS
LECTURE 8 Babeş - Bolyai University Computer Science and Mathematics Faculty 2017-2018 In Lecture 7... ADT Queue ADT Matrix ADT List ADT Stack Today ADT Queue 1 ADT Queue 2 3 4 Note ADT Queue We will not
More informationProblem. Input: An array A = (A[1],..., A[n]) with length n. Output: a permutation A of A, that is sorted: A [i] A [j] for all. 1 i j n.
Problem 5. Sorting Simple Sorting, Quicksort, Mergesort Input: An array A = (A[1],..., A[n]) with length n. Output: a permutation A of A, that is sorted: A [i] A [j] for all 1 i j n. 98 99 Selection Sort
More informationAbout this exam review
Final Exam Review About this exam review I ve prepared an outline of the material covered in class May not be totally complete! Exam may ask about things that were covered in class but not in this review
More informationMAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in themodel answer scheme. 2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may
More informationBasic Data Structures 1 / 24
Basic Data Structures 1 / 24 Outline 1 Some Java Preliminaries 2 Linked Lists 3 Bags 4 Queues 5 Stacks 6 Performance Characteristics 2 / 24 Some Java Preliminaries Generics (aka parametrized types) is
More informationCS 211 Programming Practicum Spring 2018
Due: Thursday, 4/5/18 at 11:59 pm Infix Expression Evaluator Programming Project 5 For this lab, write a C++ program that will evaluate an infix expression. The algorithm REQUIRED for this program will
More informationCS171 Midterm Exam. October 29, Name:
CS171 Midterm Exam October 29, 2012 Name: You are to honor the Emory Honor Code. This is a closed-book and closed-notes exam. You have 50 minutes to complete this exam. Read each problem carefully, and
More informationCS 211 Programming Practicum Spring 2017
Due: Tuesday, 3/28/17 at 11:59 pm Infix Expression Evaluator Programming Project 5 For this lab, write a JAVA program that will evaluate an infix expression. The algorithm REQUIRED for this program will
More informationStacks and their Applications
Stacks and their Applications Lecture 23 Sections 18.1-18.2 Robb T. Koether Hampden-Sydney College Fri, Mar 16, 2018 Robb T. Koether Hampden-Sydney College) Stacks and their Applications Fri, Mar 16, 2018
More informationCSC 1052 Algorithms & Data Structures II: Queues
CSC 1052 Algorithms & Data Structures II: Queues Professor Henry Carter Spring 2018 Recap Recursion solves problems by solving smaller version of the same problem Three components Applicable in a range
More informationDATA STRUCUTRES. A data structure is a particular way of storing and organizing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently.
DATA STRUCUTRES A data structure is a particular way of storing and organizing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently. An algorithm, which is a finite sequence of instructions, each of which
More informationStack. 4. In Stack all Operations such as Insertion and Deletion are permitted at only one end. Size of the Stack 6. Maximum Value of Stack Top 5
What is Stack? Stack 1. Stack is LIFO Structure [ Last in First Out ] 2. Stack is Ordered List of Elements of Same Type. 3. Stack is Linear List 4. In Stack all Operations such as Insertion and Deletion
More informationCSCI 204 Introduction to Computer Science II. Lab 6: Stack ADT
CSCI 204 Introduction to Computer Science II 1. Objectives In this lab, you will practice the following: Learn about the Stack ADT Implement the Stack ADT using an array Lab 6: Stack ADT Use a Stack to
More informationStacks and queues (chapters 6.6, 15.1, 15.5)
Stacks and queues (chapters 6.6, 15.1, 15.5) So far... Complexity analysis For recursive and iterative programs Sorting algorithms Insertion, selection, quick, merge, (intro, dual-pivot quick, natural
More informationCSE 326 Team. Today s Outline. Course Information. Instructor: Steve Seitz. Winter Lecture 1. Introductions. Web page:
CSE 326 Team CSE 326: Data Structures Instructor: Steve Seitz TAs: Winter 2009 Steve Seitz Lecture 1 Eric McCambridge Brent Sandona Soyoung Shin Josh Barr 2 Today s Outline Introductions Administrative
More information[CS302-Data Structures] Homework 2: Stacks
[CS302-Data Structures] Homework 2: Stacks Instructor: Kostas Alexis Teaching Assistants: Shehryar Khattak, Mustafa Solmaz, Bishal Sainju Fall 2018 Semester Section 1. Stack ADT Overview wrt Provided Code
More informationQueues Fall 2018 Margaret Reid-Miller
Queues 15-121 Fall 2018 Margaret Reid-Miller Today Exam 2 is next Tuesday, October 30 Writing methods various classes that implement Lists. Methods using Lists and Big-O w/ ArrayList or LinkedLists Prove
More informationCPSC 211 Data Structures & Implementations (c) Texas A&M University [ 165] Postfix Expressions
CPSC 211 Data Structures & Implementations (c) Texas A&M University [ 165] Postfix Expressions We normally write arithmetic expressions using infix notation: the operator (such as +) goes in between the
More information09 STACK APPLICATION DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS REVERSE POLISH NOTATION
DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS 09 STACK APPLICATION REVERSE POLISH NOTATION IMRAN IHSAN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, AIR UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD WWW.IMRANIHSAN.COM LECTURES ADAPTED FROM: DANIEL KANE, NEIL RHODES
More informationLists are great, but. Stacks 2
Stacks Lists are great, but Lists are simply collections of items Useful, but nice to have some meaning to attach to them Restrict operations to create useful data structures We want to have ADTs that
More informationData Structures. Chapter 06. 3/10/2016 Md. Golam Moazzam, Dept. of CSE, JU
Data Structures Chapter 06 1 Stacks A stack is a list of elements in which an element may be inserted or deleted only at one end, called the top of the stack. This means that elements are removed from
More informationCSE373: Data Structure & Algorithms Lecture 21: More Comparison Sorting. Aaron Bauer Winter 2014
CSE373: Data Structure & Algorithms Lecture 21: More Comparison Sorting Aaron Bauer Winter 2014 The main problem, stated carefully For now, assume we have n comparable elements in an array and we want
More informationData Structures & Algorithm Analysis. Lecturer: Souad Alonazi
Data Structures & Algorithm Analysis Lec(3) Stacks Lecturer: Souad Alonazi What is a stack? Stores a set of elements in a particular order Stack principle: LAST IN FIRST OUT = LIFO It means: the last element
More informationLecture Set 4: More About Methods and More About Operators
Lecture Set 4: More About Methods and More About Operators Methods Definitions Invocations More arithmetic operators Operator Side effects Operator Precedence Short-circuiting main method public static
More informationAlgorithms and Data Structures
Algorithms and Data Structures PD Dr. rer. nat. habil. Ralf Peter Mundani Computation in Engineering / BGU Scientific Computing in Computer Science / INF Summer Term 2018 Part 2: Data Structures PD Dr.
More information08 A: Sorting III. CS1102S: Data Structures and Algorithms. Martin Henz. March 10, Generated on Tuesday 9 th March, 2010, 09:58
08 A: Sorting III CS1102S: Data Structures and Algorithms Martin Henz March 10, 2010 Generated on Tuesday 9 th March, 2010, 09:58 CS1102S: Data Structures and Algorithms 08 A: Sorting III 1 1 Recap: Sorting
More informationCS 211 Programming Practicum Fall 2018
Due: Wednesday, 11/7/18 at 11:59 pm Infix Expression Evaluator Programming Project 5 For this lab, write a C++ program that will evaluate an infix expression. The algorithm REQUIRED for this program will
More informationCS350: Data Structures Stacks
Stacks James Moscola Department of Engineering & Computer Science York College of Pennsylvania James Moscola Stacks Stacks are a very common data structure that can be used for a variety of data storage
More informationLoop Invariants. while!done do // what is true at every step // Update/iterate // maintain invariant od CPS
Loop Invariants Want to reason about the correctness of a proposed iterative solution Loop invariants provide a means to effectively about the correctness of code while!done do // what is true at every
More informationAbstract Data Types 1
Abstract Data Types 1 Purpose Abstract Data Types (ADTs) Lists Stacks Queues 2 Primitive vs. Abstract Data Types Primitive DT: programmer ADT: programmer Interface (API) data Implementation (methods) Data
More informationProgramming Abstractions
Programming Abstractions C S 1 0 6 B Cynthia Lee Today s Topics ADTs Stack Example: Reverse-Polish Notation calculator Queue Example: Mouse Events Stacks New ADT: Stack stack.h template
More informationData Structure - Stack and Queue-
Data Structure - Stack and Queue- Hanyang University Jong-Il Park STACK Stack ADT List that insertions and deletions can be performed at the end of the list Operations Push(X, S): insert X in the list
More informationData Structures and Algorithms
Data Structures and Algorithms Alice E. Fischer Lecture 6: Stacks 2018 Alice E. Fischer Data Structures L5, Stacks... 1/29 Lecture 6: Stacks 2018 1 / 29 Outline 1 Stacks C++ Template Class Functions 2
More informationLecture 12 ADTs and Stacks
Lecture 12 ADTs and Stacks Modularity Divide the program into smaller parts Advantages Keeps the complexity managable Isolates errors (parts can be tested independently) Can replace parts easily Eliminates
More informationInfix to Postfix Conversion
Infix to Postfix Conversion Infix to Postfix Conversion Stacks are widely used in the design and implementation of compilers. For example, they are used to convert arithmetic expressions from infix notation
More informationThe Arithmetic Operators. Unary Operators. Relational Operators. Examples of use of ++ and
The Arithmetic Operators The arithmetic operators refer to the standard mathematical operators: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and modulus. Op. Use Description + x + y adds x and y x y
More informationThe Arithmetic Operators
The Arithmetic Operators The arithmetic operators refer to the standard mathematical operators: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and modulus. Examples: Op. Use Description + x + y adds x
More informationCpt S 122 Data Structures. Course Review FINAL. Nirmalya Roy School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University
Cpt S 122 Data Structures Course Review FINAL Nirmalya Roy School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University Final When: Wednesday (12/12) 1:00 pm -3:00 pm Where: In Class
More information