Effective and Essential Design Considerations in IP Surveillance. by: David Heath

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1 Effective and Essential Design Considerations in IP Surveillance by: David Heath Axis Communications

2 Effective Design Why? When designing an IP Video Solution there are many factors that must be considered in order to have a properly functioning, long term system that meets the current and future needs and expectations of your client

3 Considerations to look at Image usability Resolution Light, No light, Complex Light Placement Bandwidth & Retention Distance Integration with other systems Operational uses Integrator selection

4 Image Quality is Worthless without Usability!

5 There is nothing wrong with the quality of this image

6 Eighty percent of surveillance video submitted to the police is unusable! Source: Swedish Police Central Imaging Group White Paper on Image Usability

7 Image usability starts with... 1 Define the purpose 2 Determine the resolution 3 Determine how cameras are affected by light 4 Determine camera placement

8 Define the purpose of the Why surveillance? What level of detail is required? Where do you need the required level of detail? Which area needs to be covered? surveillance

9 Goal definition Deterring or discreet? Is deterrence a factor......or is discreet surveillance a priority?

10 What is your surveillance need? Identification? Recognition? Detection?

11 Goal definition Overview or high detail? Is overview enough......or is high detail required?

12 Aspect ratio Relationship between horizontal and vertical 4:3 16:9 :16

13 Corridor Format 9:16 > Usable in aisles and corridors where lots of image information is otherwise redundant > A way to increase pixel density in tall, narrow scenes > Need visual evidence?

14 Image usability starts with... 1 Define the purpose 2 Determine the resolution 3 Determine how cameras are affected by light 4 Determine camera placement

15 Pixel What is a pixel?

16 Resolution is determined d when video is captured so make sure to capture your video in an appropriate resolution!

17 Megapixel resolution & HDTV Resolution comparisons capabilities Aspect ratios HDTV 1280 x 720 HDTV 1920 x Megapixel 2560 x 1920

18 Resolution comparisons

19 Megapixel resolution & HDTV capability comparisons With HDTV 1080p and 20x zoom,... With HDTV 720p and 18x zoom,......the license plate of a car...the license plate of car 275 m (900 ft.) away can be read 200 m (660 ft.) away can be read

20 Megapixel resolution & HDTV capability comparisons With D1 and 18x zoom,... With 4CIF and 12x zoom,......the license plate of a car...the license plate of car 140 m (460 ft.) away can be read 76 m (250 ft.) away can be read

21 Pixel density and scene width 16 cm Level of detail Identification (challenging conditions) Identification (good conditions) Pixels/fa ce Pixels /m Recognition Detection 4 25

22 Pixel density and scene width How wide a scene can a 1280x720 camera cover? Level of detail Scene width Identification 1280/500 = (challenging 2.56 m conditions) Identification 1280/250 = (good conditions) 5.12 m Recognition 1280/125 = m Detection 1280/25 = 51.2 m

23 Let s do the math! cm pix pixels A average face is 16 cm wide Recommendations for positive identification of a face require 80 pixels in challenging conditions 80pixels es/ 16cm = 5pixels es/ce centimeter ete 5 pixels/centimeter x 100 cm = 500 pixels / meter

24 90 pixels 6040 pixels Pixels on target

25 Delivering usable images at a specific point Capture line Where does the customer need the capability?

26 Image usability starts with... 1 Define the purpose 2 Determine the resolution 3 Determine how cameras are affected by light 4 Determine camera placement

27 How does the camera work? Think photography! From Greek: Photos (light) Graphos (drawing)

28 Add light

29 LED technology Traditional technology New LED technology > A lot of LEDs > High power consumption > High temperature around sensor resulting in high noise level > Limited lifetime of LEDs > Fewer LEDs > Lower power consumption > Lower temperature around sensor less noise > Long-life LEDs

30 Intelligent IR LEDs New High Effiency IR LEDs available - 3 LEDs can achieve up to 100ft range - Auto-Adjusting angle and intensity - Algorithm in Camera reduces the intensity of the light as subject moves towards the camera

31 Camera location Adding light Match the angle of light to the angle of view provided by the camera > Ensure a distance of at least 1 m / 3 feet between camera and light source to avoid problems with insects

32 Intelligent IR in action

33 Low Light? Lightfinder Technology

34 Lightfinder technology Lightfinder technology is a combination of many factors: Artpec4 Processor Latest generation light sensitive sensor Optimized high quality lens Elaborator Software

35 Lightfinder in action Video

36 Complex Light? Wide Dynamic Range

37 Too much can be as bad as not enough! Overexposed Underexposed p

38 WDR What is Wide Dynamic Range? The ratio of the brightest point of an image to the darkest point of the same image The goal is to get details in the whole image Specifically for strong backlight scenarios

39 Provide detailed images of complicated scenes with extreme illumination Improve visibility of details in blinding situations Improve color and overall image fidelity Fully exploit the dynamical details in a scene Why WDR?

40 The challenge varying light levels This image is underexposed, trying to capture the environment outside This image is overexposed, trying to capture the environment indoors

41 The challenge varying light levels Neither image manages to capture all the details outside and indoors

42 WDR Dynamic Capture By taking multiple images (3) at different exposure times Combines the images to achieve WDR

43 Image usability starts with... 1 Define the purpose 2 Determine the resolution 3 Determine how cameras are affected by light 4 Determine camera placement

44 Placement greatly affects image Out of reach for vandals Legal aspects usability Light properties Field of view Line of sight Height and vertical angle Coverage

45 Camera mounting Mounting High up... height...or face level? Consider the risk of tampering or vandalism!

46 Camera location Unsuitable angle

47 Camera location On the sunny side > Consider the direction of the sun when installing cameras

48 Bandwidth and Storage

49 Bandwidth and Storage Since IP cameras send video as data, they can create network traffic Proper planning, camera selection and configuration can make this bandwidth completely manageable Many users are drawn to the resolution promise of high mega-pixels Rarely do they consider the bandwidth and storage implications of high mega-pixel Remembering our lesson from earlier regarding image usability, high h mega-pixel can be more of a hindrance than a benefit

50 Bandwidth Considerations Determine the required resolution using the Detection versus Recognition versus Identification technique Consider lighting and scene complexity Identify the number of remote viewers Unicast versus Multicast may come into play if you have a need to draw many streams from each camera Many manufacturers have online design tools that help you estimate the bandwidth and storage of a proposed system

51 Storage Considerations Every end-user will have an expectation of how many days of video storage their system will keep Some industries regulate the retention requirements of Surveillance systems When calculating storage to match the end-users requirements/expectations consider: Resolution Frame Rate Motion/Event Recording Lighting and Scene Complexity Compression

52 Storage and Bandwidth reduction Some tricks that can be implemented to reduce your storage and bandwidth requirements: Constant Bit Rate Versus Variable Bit Rate Multicast versus Unicast Edge Based Analytics VMD at the camera Cross Line Detection Dwell Time Analytics LPR Event based triggers Increase visible light

53 Consider Distance Limitations IEEE 802.3af limited to 328 feet (100M) When designing an IP Surveillance System it is important to keep this in rule in mind as most cameras function via POE Extenders, repeaters or switches can be strategically placed to increase your distance Fiber can be used for large runs

54 Integration and Interoperability In order to ensure your clients investment over the long term it is imperative to consider the existing and future integration of systems in the site Access Control, Burglar, Fire, Intercom and Building Automation all can integrate to an open architecture based IP Surveillance system Selecting products that support a best of breed architecture (Open API) or at least the ONVIF standard ensure a systems interoperability in the future ONVIF Standardization of communication between IP-based physical security Interoperability between IP-based physical security products regardless of manufacturer

55 Operational Use Consideration One of the biggest mistakes when designing an IP Surveillance system is to not take into consideration the operational uses of the premise Considerations: Areas where slip and falls could occur (entrance points) Loading docks Pallets have a tendency to pile up Place cameras strategically to avoid obstructions High theft areas employee theft

56 Select a Certified Integrator Many projects design consultants work on end up as public tenders How do you ensure the installing company is qualified and will complete the job properly? Many manufactures have certification programs to ensure products will be installed professionally and function as intended. Make this a requirement in your spec

57 Conclusion Following these considerations you just learned about can help you in ensuring a successful deployment that meets and exceeds the expectations of your clients while providing long term functionality and interoperability of their IP Surveillance system.

Quality with a purpose Image usability in security

White paper Quality with a purpose Image usability in security February 2018 Table of contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Four steps to image usability 3 2.1 Define the use case 3 2.1.1 Pixel density requirements