4G, LTE and the Road to 5G

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1 4G, LTE and the Road to 5G Part III Dr Stefan Parkvall Principal Researcher Ericson Research

data1 data2 data3 data4 Recap Fundamental principle adapt to and exploit variations in radio channel quality traffic pattern LTE - some building

2 data1 data2 data3 data4 Recap Fundamental principle adapt to and exploit variations in radio channel quality traffic pattern LTE - some building blocks Bandwidth flexibility FDD and TDD OFDM Scheduling Hybrid ARQ Multi-antenna Evolution to 5G Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 2

3 Outline I. Basic principles Channel and traffic behavior Link adaptation, scheduling, hybrid-arq, II. 4G and the road to 5G LTE 4G mobile broadband Evolution into 5G III. Standardization How are LTE and NR created? 3GPP, ITU,... Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 3

4 Standardization Why, what, where, how? Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 4

5 Why standardization? From Wikipedia Standardization is the process of agreeing on technical standards A standard is a document that establishes uniform engineering or technical specifications, criteria, methods, processes, or practices. Standards can be de facto standards informal convention or dominant usage de jure legally binding contracts, laws or regulations voluntary published and available to consider for use The goals of standardization can be to help with independence of single suppliers (commodification), compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, or quality. Interoperability e.g. Samsung phone in Ericsson network Creates mass market! Economy of scale! Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 5

6 What is standardized? Internet PSTN Services Standardized ensures interoperability CN RAN Control User Plane Nodes Gateways Radio control/ aggregator node Base station Terminal Logical architecture Protocol on interfaces Radio transmitters (RF aspects) required by regulations/law Behavior required to fulfill functionality Terminals standardized according to master-slave principle Not standardized vendor differentiation Physical implementation Algorithms Scheduler, handover, admission,... Receiver algorithms sufficient to fulfill requirements Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 6

Where Some Fora Standard Developing Organizations Non-profit industrial organizations Develops technical standards Global/Regional/National Regulatory bodies Governmental

7 Where Some Fora Standard Developing Organizations Non-profit industrial organizations Develops technical standards Global/Regional/National Regulatory bodies Governmental organizations Spectrum usage, frequency management Placing products on the market Industry fora Promoting and lobbying for specific technologies Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 7

8 Where Some Fora 3GPP Core Network and Radio Access Network for GSM/GPRS/EDGE, WCDMA/HSPA, LTE, NR IEEE Large variety of stds, e.g (WiFi) and (WiMAX) IETF Develops/promotes internet standards (IP, TCP, FTP, ROHC, ) ITU International radio and telecommunications standards, allocation of spectrum. Part of UN. Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 8

9 Where in the network? Internet PSTN Services Control User Plane Nodes Gateways Radio control/ aggregator node IETF Internet services/protocols end-to-end with the terminal (IP, TCP, ) Transport protocols/functions in the CN (IP, MIP) 3GPP Architecture, functions, protocols for the complete RAN and CN IEEE Architecture, functions, protocols for Radio Access Network Base station ITU Spectrum, radio regulations Terminal Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 9

10 Standardization Process Requirements Architecture Detailed specifications Testing and verification Stage 1 Requirements, no detailed solutions Stage 2 Logical architecture, functional split, interfaces, protocol architecture, overall solutions Stage 3 Test All details, e.g., header formats, exact coding scheme, values in requirements,... Snapshots with test cases from standard to ensure proper operation Certification Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 10

11 ITU United Nations agency for information and communication technologies Founded 1865 Second oldest international organization still in operation Main tasks Standardization Allocation of radio spectrum Organizing interconnection arrangements to allow international phone calls Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 11

12 ITU Sectors ITU-R Management of radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbits fixed, mobile, broadcasting, amateur, meteorology, global positioning, systems, environmental monitoring, services that ensure safety of life ITU-T International standards covering all fields of telecommunications IP interworking, network aspects of mobility, network access technologies (xdsl), optical networking, technologies, service quality measurements and models ITU-D Responsible for creating policies, regulation and providing training programs and financial strategies in developing countries Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 12

13 ITU-R Radio regulations allocation of different frequency bands WRC -93, -95, -97, -00, -03, -07, -12, -15,... mandatory technical parameters to be observed Reports Recommendations Approves standards fulfilling the ITU requirements Specifications developed outside ITU (e.g. in 3GPP) Examples of ITU-R families of standards: IMT-2000, IMT-Advanced, IMT-2020 Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 13

14 IMT-2000 IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread (UTRA/E-UTRA FDD) 3GPP IMT-2000 CDMA TDD (UTRA/E-UTRA TDD) 3GPP IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier (CDMA2000, UMB) 3GPP2 IMT-2000 TDMA Single-Carrier (UWC 136) ATIS/TIA IMT G Family of 6 different technologies First release of LTE and WiMAX was added later IMT-2000 FDMA/TDMA (DECT) ETSI IMT-2000 OFDMA TDD WMAN (WiMAX) IEEE Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 14

15 IMT-Advanced LTE-Advanced (LTE Release 10+) 3GPP IMT-Advanced 4G Family of 2 different technologies LTE-Advanced (Rel-10 and onwards) WirelessMAN-Advanced (WiMAX/IEEE m) IEEE Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 15

16 IMT-2020 Vision, feasibility WRC Req s WS Proposals External evaluation WRC 19 Specs IMT G Work ongoing on IMT-2020 Similar process as for IMT-Advanced WRC-15 Frequency allocations up to 6 GHz WRC-19 Higher frequencies Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 16

17 3GPP Standardization IMT-2020 requirements IMT-2020 proposals IMT-2020 spec SI: NR SI: NR enh. SI: self-evaluation NR Phase 1 NR Phase 2 NR evo First non-stand-alone NR First stand-alone NR l-13 Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16 Rel Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 17

18 IMT Spectrum ITU: Mobile IMT IMT IMT IMT General bands 1710 Band 34 Band 38 Band 3 Band 33 Band 1 Band Band Band 10 Band 4 Regional bands Band (Band 37) Band 35 Band 36 Band Band 11 & 21 (Japan) Band 9 (Japan) Local bands Band 39 (China) Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 18

19 IMT Spectrum ITU: 698 IMT 960 Band 8 General bands Band 20 Regional bands Band 17 Band 12 Band 13 Band Band Band 18 &19 (Japan) Local bands Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 19

20 3GPP Organizational Partners ETSI ATIS CCSA TTC TTA ARIB Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 20

21 3GPP Organization PCG Project Coordination Group TSG RAN TSG SA TSG CT RAN WG1 Radio L1 RAN WG2 L2/L3 RAN WG3 NW protocols SA1 Services SA2 Architecture SA3 Security CT1 MM/CC/SM CT3 Interworking External NWs CT4 MAP/GTP/BCH/SS RAN WG4 Core, Perf req. SA4 Codec CT5 Open Service Access RAN WG5 MT conf. testing SA5 Telecom Mgmt. CT6 Smart Card Appl. RAN WG6 GERAN, UTRAN Radio Access Network Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 21 Services, Overall System Core Network

22 3GPP Organization PCG Project Coordination Group TSG RAN TSG SA TSG CT RAN WG1 Radio L1 RAN WG2 L2/L3 RAN WG3 NW protocols SA1 Services SA2 Architecture SA3 Security CT1 MM/CC/SM CT3 Interworking External NWs CT4 MAP/GTP/BCH/SS RAN WG4 Core, Perf req. SA4 Codec CT5 Open Service Access RAN WG5 MT conf. testing SA5 Telecom Mgmt. CT6 Smart Card Appl. RAN WG6 GERAN, UTRAN Radio Access Network Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 22 Services, Overall System Core Network

23 Standardization a Flying Circus? RAN1 meetings held ~8 times a year Meetings run from Monday to Friday Held in various countries in Europe, North America, and Asia Meeting schedule 2017 January Spokane, USA February 13 17, Athens, Greece April 3 7, Spokane, USA May 15 19, Hangzhou, China June 27 30, Qingdao, China August 21 25, Prague, Czech Republic September 18 21, Nagoya, Japan October 9 13, Prague, Czech Republic November 27 December 1, Reno, USA Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 23

24 Typical RAN1 Meeting Approx 600 delegates attending and ~2500 documents submitted... Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 24

25 Nice to work with standardization Cheju, Korea Cheju, Korea Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 25

26 well maybe not Always! Cheju, Korea Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 26

Social relations across cultural borders Mutual respect and co-operation One

27 Standardization in Practice Contribution driven Decision by consensus Coffee-breaks important part of meetings (off-line) Good relations important Social relations across cultural borders Mutual respect and co-operation One week meetings Long meeting days Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 27

28 Summary Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 28

variations in the radio channel quality variations in the

29 Summary Basic Principles Radio channel quality is time varying Traffic pattern is time varying Adapt to and exploit variations in the radio channel quality variations in the traffic pattern Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 29

30 Summary Basic Principles Shared channel transmission Channel-dependent scheduling Rate control Hybrid-ARQ with soft combining Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 30

flexibility FDD and TDD OFDM Scheduling Hybrid ARQ

31 data1 data2 data3 data4 Summary LTE LTE the global 4G standard for mobile broadband LTE some building blocks Bandwidth flexibility FDD and TDD OFDM Scheduling Hybrid ARQ Multi-antenna Evolution to 5G Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 31

technologies ITU Radio regulations, spectrum

32 Summary Standardization Interfaces and protocols standardized Implementation is not 3GPP Standardization of radio-access and core network for the major mobile technologies ITU Radio regulations, spectrum allocations Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 32

33 For Further information Open the 3GPP specifications......or read The Book! Available in English, Chinese, Korean and Japanese. Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 33

34 Ericsson Internal Ericsson AB Page 34

DEVICE TESTING AND CERTIFICATION LIFE CYCLE

Partners: DEVICE TESTING AND CERTIFICATION LIFE CYCLE Abdul Rasheed Mohammed All rights reserved Introduction The Aim of this presentation is (From A Device perspective) Go through the various phases in